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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wall, James J. Parish, Chad M. Dixon, J. Travis Hawari, Ayman I. Liu, Ming Breon, Luke Nuclear Sector Electric Power Research Institute 1300 W. T. Harris Blvd. CharlotteNC28262 United States G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37830 United States Nuclear Reactor Program North Carolina State University RaleighNC27607 United States

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Nuclear Sector and US Department of Energy Light Water Reactor Sustainability program are committed to engaging in research and development endeavors to address materials aging issues specific to long term operation of light water power reactors. To this effect, EPRI launched an industry initiative to develop nondestructive evaluation systems for online monitoring of existing cracks in light water reactor primary coolant loop piping and components. One of the goals of this initiative is to develop a sensor system (or systems) that can determine nondestructively if cracks are growing or arrested and, in the case of the former, to characterize their growth rates. A missing component of this initiative is an experimental assessment of how sensors and adhesive couplants will perform in service when exposed to chronic energetic neutron radiation, particularly at the primary coolant loop hot and cold leg dissimilar metal welds, which join the primary loop piping to the reactor pressure vessel and reside in the vicinity of the reactor core. The objective of this experimental study was to determine how ultrasonic transducers and adhesive couplants perform when exposed to irradiation in a test reactor to simulate and accelerate in-service exposure. To achieve this objective, the signal stability of piezoelectric transducers and performance of adhesive couplants as a function of accumulated fast neutron fluence were characterized by collecting ultrasonic data in-situ during irradiation. Of particular interest were the ultrasonic signal quality and time decay of the amplitude of acoustic reflections as a function of fast neutron fluence. The results of the study showed that, of the 8 transducer/substrate sample assemblies tested, only 3 generated usable ultrasonic signals through the conclusion of the irradiation campaign. It was found that high temperature epoxy tends to ultrasonically couple the sensors to the substrates better th

关键词： Nondestructive examination

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Risk factors for bone cement dislodgement following balloon kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture

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Neurochirurgie 2024年第4期70卷 101559-101559页

作者： Chang, Kai-Chieh Huang, Chih-Ta Hsieh, Cheng-Ta Chen, Chien-Min Chang, Chih-Ju Division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery Cathay General Hospital Taipei City Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes Taipei 110 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Yuanpei University of Medical Technology Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Medicine School of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan School of Medicine National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan Department of Leisure Industry Management National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Central University Taoyuan City Taiwan

Objective: The study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with bone cement dislodgement in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture following balloon kyphoplasty treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 203 patients who underwent kyphoplasty in 255 vertebral bodies between January 2017 and December 2021. The patients were categorized into two groups: the bone cement dislodgment group (n = 16) and the non-bone cement dislodgement group (n = 239). Various patient characteristics and radiologic parameters were evaluated. Statistical analysis involved the assessment of the background homogeneity of the group by using independent sample t tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the impact of background variables on cement dislodgement. Results: The results revealed that split-type fracture (χ² = 31.706, p < 0.001), DISH (χ² = 18.827, p = 0.011), pedicle fracture (χ² = 22.246, p < 0.001), endplate deficit (χ² = 14.023, p < 0.001), posterior wall injury (χ² = 29.124, p < 0.001), and intervertebral vacuum cleft (χ² = 21.469, p < 0.001) were the factors that significantly differed between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed posterior wall injury (OR = 12.983, p = 0.025) and intervertebral vacuum cleft (OR = 5.062, p = 0.024) to be independent risk factors. Conclusion: The incidence of bone cement dislodgement in our study was 6.3%. This study underscores the importance of using preoperative radiologic parameters to predict the risk of bone cement dislodgement following balloon kyphoplasty. © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS

关键词： Balloon kyphoplasty Bone cement dislodgment Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture

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Cover Picture: Zeolite–Water Chemistry: Characterization Methods to Unveil Zeolite Structure (Chem. Methods 4/2025)

Chemistry–Methods

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Chemistry–Methods 2025年第4期5卷

作者： José Nuno Almeida Lu Song Sohrab Askarli Sang-Ho Chung Javier Ruiz-Martínez Catalysis Nanomaterials and Spectroscopy Group King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Carbon Neutrality Soonchunhyang University (SCH University) 22 Soonchunhyang-ro Sinchang-myeon Asan-si Chungcheongnam-do 31538 South Korea Chemical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

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Nanoslot-Induced Ultrastrong Phonon-Photon and Phonon-Phonon Coupling in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites

Nanoslot-Induced Ultrastrong Phonon-Photon and Phonon-Phonon...

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Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO/Pacific Rim)

作者： Dasom Kim Jin Hou Geon Lee Ayush Agrawal Sunghwan Kim Hao Zhang Di Bao Andrey Baydin Wenjing WU Fuyang Tay Shengxi Huang Daivd Hagenmüller Elbert E. M. Chia Dai-Sik Kim Minah Seo Aditya D. Mohite Junichiro Kono Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA Sensor System Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Physics Long-wavelength Nanotechnology Laboratory Quantum Photonics Institute Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Republic of Korea Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Smalley-Curl institute Rice University Houston TX USA CESQ-ISIS (UMR 7006) Universite de Strasbourg and CNRS Strasbourg France KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA

Methods for harnessing vibrational states are desired for phonon-based technologies. We realized ultrastrong coupling of two phonon modes in perovskite materials induced by ultrastrong coupling with a common photonic ... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9798350372076

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372083

关键词： Couplings Phonons Laser modes Perovskites Electro-optical waveguides Photonics

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Inverse Vulcanization of Aziridines: Enhancing Polysulfides for Superior mechanical Strength and Adhesive Performance

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第6期137卷

作者： Jieai Fan Changzheng Ju Songjie Fan Xia Li Zhen Zhang Nikos Hadjichristidis School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China Analysis and Test Center Guangdong University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China Polymer Synthesis Laboratory Chemistry Program KAUST Catalysis Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955 Thuwal Saudi Arabia

This study introduces a novel approach to inverse vulcanization by utilizing a commercially available triaziridine crosslinker as an alternative to conventional olefin-based crosslinkers. The model reactions reveal a self-catalyzed ring-opening of “unactivated” aziridine with elemental sulfur, forming oligosulfide-functionalized diamines. The triaziridine-derived polysulfides exhibit impressive mechanical properties, achieving a maximum stress of ~8.3 MPa and an elongation at break of ~107 %. The incorporation of silicon dioxide (20 wt %) enhances the composite's rigidity, yielding a Young's modulus of ~0.94 GPa. Furthermore, these polysulfides display excellent adhesion strength on various substrates, such as aluminum (~7.0 MPa), walnut (~9.6 MPa), and steel (~11.0 MPa), with substantial retention of adhesion strength (~3.3 MPa on steel) at −196 °C. The straightforward synthetic process, combined with the accessibility of the triaziridine crosslinker, emphasizes the potential for further innovations in sulfur polymer chemistry.

关键词： elemental sulfur aziridines inverse vulcanization polysulfides adhesive

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Deep-Strong Coupling between Cavity Photons and Terahertz TO Phonons in PbTe

Deep-Strong Coupling between Cavity Photons and Terahertz TO...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Baydin, Andrey Manjappa, Manukumara Mishra, Sobhan Subhra Xu, Hongjing Tay, Fuyang Kim, Dasom Hernandez, Felix G.G. Rappl, Paulo H.O. Abramof, Eduardo Singh, Ranjan Kono, Junichiro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Instrumentation and Applied Physics Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Instituto de Física Universidade de Sao Paulo SP Sao Paulo05508-090 Brazil Laboratorio Associado de Sensores e Materiais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais SP Sao Jose dos Campos12201-970 Brazil Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

We have investigated the resonant coupling of photons with TO phonons in lead telluride in small-mode-volume terahertz cavities, observing a giant vacuum Rabi splitting on the order of the bare cavity-phonon frequency... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Photons

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On the exergoeconomics of the thermochemical recycling of end-of-life tires by pyrolysis

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Energy 2025年 330卷

作者： Felipe Campuzano Andrés F. Agudelo Juan Daniel Martínez William L. Roberts Clean Energy Research Platform (CERP) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA) Calle 70 Nº52-21 Medellín Colombia Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC) Miguel Luesma Castán 4 50018 Zaragoza Spain Grupo de Investigaciones Ambientales (GIA) Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (UPB) Circular 1ra N° 70-01 Building 11 50031 Medellín Colombia Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

This work presents the exergoeconomic assessment of a 1000 kg/h model industrial plant for the pyrolysis of end-of-life tires (ELTs) to produce raw recovered carbon black (RRCB), tire pyrolysis gas (TPG), and tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) for subsequent distillation. TPG is deemed to be used for both supplying the energy needed for pyrolysis and generating electricity through an internal combustion gas engine (ICGE). The resulting hot flue gases from the ICGE are proposed to provide the energy for the TPO distillation stage. The thermodynamic characteristics of the streams were determined based on results obtained at laboratory scale. After mass, energy, and exergy balances, the exergoeconomic principles were applied to estimate the exergy and monetary cost of the plant products. Exergy destruction in each subsystem was estimated, as well as the production costs of the TPO, its distillate fractions, the TPG, and the RRCB, among others, considering a variation of the ELTs price between −10 USD/t and 400 USD/t. An alternative approach was also evaluated in which electric heaters instead of combustion gases drive the pyrolysis and TPO distillation processes. Although technically feasible, this alternative plant could be more sensitive to heat losses which compromises its energy self-sufficiency. However, the current trend toward chemical industry electrification and the ability to precisely control pyrolysis and distillation parameters to improve product quality make this route highly attractive. These analyses aim to consolidate the advantages of scaling up the pyrolysis process and its potential to pursue the circularity of ELTs and the defossilization of the tire industry.

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Terahertz ultra-massive MIMO-based aeronautical communications in space-air-ground integrated networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Liao, Anwen Gao, Zhen Wang, Dongming Wang, Hua Yin, Hao Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan Alouini, Mohamed-Slim School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Institute of China Electronic System Engineering Corporation Beijing100141 China The School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales SydneyNSW2052 Australia The Electrical Engineering Program Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ThuwalMakkah Province Saudi Arabia

The emerging space-air-ground integrated network has attracted intensive research and necessitates reliable and efficient aeronautical communications. This paper investigates terahertz Ultra-Massive (UM)-MIMO-based aeronautical communications and proposes an effective channel estimation and tracking scheme, which can solve the performance degradation problem caused by the unique triple delay-beam-Doppler squint effects of aeronautical terahertz UM-MIMO channels. Specifically, based on the rough angle estimates acquired from navigation information, an initial aeronautical link is established, where the delay-beam squint at transceiver can be significantly mitigated by employing a Grouping True-Time Delay Unit (GTTDU) module (e.g., the designed Rotman lens-based GTTDU module). According to the proposed prior-aided iterative angle estimation algorithm, azimuth/elevation angles can be estimated, and these angles are adopted to achieve precise beam-alignment and refine GTTDU module for further eliminating delay-beam squint. Doppler shifts can be subsequently estimated using the proposed prior-aided iterative Doppler shift estimation algorithm. On this basis, path delays and channel gains can be estimated accurately, where the Doppler squint can be effectively attenuated via compensation process. For data transmission, a data-aided decision-directed based channel tracking algorithm is developed to track the beam-aligned effective channels. When the data-aided channel tracking is invalid, angles will be re-estimated at the pilot-aided channel tracking stage with an equivalent sparse digital array, where angle ambiguity can be resolved based on the previously estimated angles. The simulation results and the derived Cramér-Rao lower bounds verify the effectiveness of our solution. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel estimation

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Ultrafast optical nanoscopy of carrier dynamics in silicon nanowires

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Jingang Yang, Rundi Rho, Yoonsoo Ci, Penghong Eliceiri, Matthew Park, Hee K. Wu, Junqiao Grigoropoulos, Costas P. Laser Thermal Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Physical & Life Sciences NIF & Photon Sciences Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Laser Prismatics LLC San Jose United States

Carrier distribution and dynamics in semiconductor materials often govern their physical properties that are critical to functionalities and performance in industrial applications. The continued miniaturization of electronic and photonic devices calls for tools to probe carrier behavior in semiconductors simultaneously at the picosecond time and nanometer length scales. Here, we report pump-probe optical nanoscopy in the visible-near-infrared spectral region to characterize the carrier dynamics in silicon nanostructures. By coupling experiments with the point-dipole model, we resolve the size-dependent photoexcited carrier lifetime in individual silicon nanowires. We further demonstrate local carrier decay time mapping in silicon nanostructures with a sub-50 nm spatial resolution. Our study enables the nanoimaging of ultrafast carrier kinetics, which will find promising applications in the future design of a broad range of electronic, photonic, and optoelectronic devices. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Nanowires

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Core packing of well-defined x-ray and NMR structures is the same

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Grigas, Alex T. Liu, Zhuoyi Regan, Lynne O’Hern, Corey S. Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Institute of Quantitative Biology Biochemistry and Biotechnology Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh United Kingdom Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Numerous studies have investigated the differences and similarities between protein structures determined by solution NMR spectroscopy and those determined by x-ray crystallography. A fundamental question is whether any observed differences are due to differing methodologies, or to differences in the behavior of proteins in solution versus in the crystalline state. Here, we compare the properties of the hydrophobic cores of high-resolution protein crystal structures and those in NMR structures, determined using increasing numbers and types of restraints. Prior studies have reported that many NMR structures have denser cores compared to those of high-resolution x-ray crystal structures. Our current work investigates this result in more detail, and finds that these NMR structures tend to violate basic features of protein stereochemistry, such as small non-bonded atomic overlaps and few Ramachandran and side chain dihedral angle outliers. We find that NMR structures solved with more restraints, and which do not significantly violate stereochemistry, have hydrophobic cores that have a similar size and packing fraction as their counterparts determined by x-ray crystallography at high-resolution. These results lead us to conclude that, at least regarding the core packing properties, high-quality structures determined by NMR and x-ray crystallography are the same, and the differences reported earlier are most likely a consequence of methodology, rather than fundamental differences between the protein in the two different environments. Significance: Dense packing of hydrophobic residues is key to protein structure and stability. Previously, it has been noted that structures solved by NMR spectroscopy have denser cores than x-ray crystal structures. Here, we calculate the core size and packing fraction of NMR structures with experimental restraints in the PDB. Their cores are typically smaller, but denser. However, NMR structures with accurate stereochemistry possess core pa

关键词： X ray crystallography

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