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arXiv 2023年

作者： Biswas, Abhijit Xu, Rui Alvarez, Gustavo A. Zhang, Jin Christiansen-Salameh, Joyce Puthirath, Anand B. Burns, Kory Hachtel, Jordan A. Li, Tao Iyengar, Sathvik Ajay Gray, Tia Li, Chenxi Zhang, Xiang Kannan, Harikishan Elkins, Jacob Pieshkov, Tymofii S. Vajtai, Robert Birdwell, A. Glen Neupane, Mahesh R. Garratt, Elias J. Ivanov, Tony Pate, Bradford B. Zhao, Yuji Zhu, Hanyu Tian, Zhiting Rubio, Angel Ajayan, Pulickel M. Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Center for Free-Electron Laser Science Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Germany Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory RF Devices and Circuits AdelphiMD20783 United States Chemistry Division Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC20375 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Flatiron Institute New YorkNY10010 United States

Understanding the emergent electronic structure in twisted atomically thin layers has led to the exciting field of twistronics. However, practical applications of such systems are challenging since the specific angular correlations between the layers must be precisely controlled and the layers have to be single crystalline with uniform atomic ordering. Here, we suggest an alternative, simple and scalable approach where nanocrystalline two-dimensional (2D) film on three-dimensional (3D) substrates yield twisted-interface-dependent properties. Ultrawidebandgap hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) thin films are directly grown on high in-plane lattice mismatched wide-bandgap silicon carbide (4H-SiC) substrates to explore the twist-dependent structure-property correlations. Concurrently, nanocrystalline h-BN thin film shows strong nonlinear second-harmonic generation and ultra-low cross-plane thermal conductivity at room temperature, which are attributed to the twisted domain edges between van der Waals stacked nanocrystals with random in-plane orientations. First-principles calculations based on time-dependent density functional theory manifest strong even-order optical nonlinearity in twisted h-BN layers. Our work unveils that directly deposited 2D nanocrystalline thin film on 3D substrates could provide easily accessible twist-interfaces, therefore enabling a simple and scalable approach to utilize the 2D-twistronics integrated in 3D material devices for next-generation nanotechnology. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Harmonic generation

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Tuning cooperative behavior in games with nonlinear opinion dynamics

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Park, Shinkyu Bizyaeva, Anastasia Kawakatsu, Mari Franci, Alessio Leonard, Naomi Ehrich Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Mathematics Department National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City04510 Mexico

We examine the tuning of cooperative behavior in repeated multi-agent games using an analytically tractable, continuous-time, nonlinear model of opinion dynamics. Each modeled agent updates its real-valued opinion about each available strategy in response to payoffs and other agent opinions, as observed over a network. We show how the model provides a principled and systematic means to investigate behavior of agents that select strategies using rationality and reciprocity, key features of human decision-making in social dilemmas. For two-strategy games, we use bifurcation analysis to prove conditions for the bistability of two equilibria and conditions for the first (second) equilibrium to reflect all agents favoring the first (second) strategy. We prove how model parameters, e.g., level of attention to opinions of others (reciprocity), network structure, and payoffs, influence dynamics and, notably, the size of the region of attraction to each stable equilibrium. We provide insights by examining the tuning of the bistability of mutual cooperation and mutual defection and their regions of attraction for the repeated prisoner's dilemma and the repeated multi-agent public goods game. Our results generalize to games with more strategies, heterogeneity, and additional feedback dynamics, such as those designed to elicit cooperation. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bifurcation (mathematics)

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AI-driven 3D Spatial Transcriptomics

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Almagro-Pérez, Cristina Song, Andrew H. Weishaupt, Luca Kim, Ahrong Jaume, Guillaume Williamson, Drew F.K. Hemker, Konstantin Lu, Ming Y. Singh, Kritika Chen, Bowen Le, Long Phi Baras, Alexander S. Jiang, Sizun Bashashati, Ali Liu, Jonathan T.C. Mahmood, Faisal Department of Pathology Mass General Brigham Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Cancer Program Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT CambridgeMA United States Data Science Program Dana-Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Pathology Pusan National University Busan Korea Republic of Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine AtlantaGA United States Department of Computer Science & Technology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New BrunswickNJ United States Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins Hospital BaltimoreMD United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins Hospital BaltimoreMD United States Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT CambridgeMA United States Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Pathology Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering Bioengineering Laboratory Medicine & Pathology University of Washington SeattleWA United States Harvard Data Science Initiative Harvard University CambridgeMA United States

A comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) map of tissue architecture and gene expression is crucial for illuminating the complexity and heterogeneity of tissues across diverse biomedical applications1. However, most spatial transcriptomics (ST) approaches remain limited to two-dimensional (2D) sections of tissue2–4. Although current 3D ST methods hold promise, they typically require extensive tissue sectioning, are complex, are not compatible with non-destructive 3D tissue imaging technologies, and often lack scalability5–8. Here, we present VOlumetrically Resolved Transcriptomics EXpression (VORTEX), an AI framework that leverages 3D tissue morphology and minimal 2D ST to predict volumetric 3D ST. By pretraining on diverse 3D morphology–transcriptomic pairs from heterogeneous tissue samples and then fine-tuning on minimal 2D ST data from a specific volume of interest, VORTEX learns both generic tissue-related and sample-specific morphological correlates of gene expression. This approach enables dense, high-throughput, and fast 3D ST, scaling seamlessly to large tissue volumes far beyond the reach of existing 3D ST techniques. By offering a cost-effective and minimally destructive route to obtaining volumetric molecular insights, we anticipate that VORTEX will accelerate biomarker discovery and our understanding of morphomolecular associations and cell states in complex tissues. Interactive 3D ST volumes can be viewed at https://***/. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Vortex flow

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Corrigendum to “Ignition delay time measurements of diesel and gasoline blends” [Combust. Flame 222 (2020) 460-475]

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Combustion and Flame 2024年 266卷

作者： Mohammed Alabbad Yang Li Khalid Aljohani Gavin Kenny Khaiyom Hakimov Moaz Al-lehaibi Abdul-Hamid Emwas Patrick Meier Jihad Badra Henry Curran Aamir Farooq Clean Combustion Research Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway) Galway Ireland c Transport Technologies Division R&DC Saudi Aramco Dhahran Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering in Al-Kharj Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia Transport Technologies Division R&DC Saudi Aramco Dhahran Saudi Arabia

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Challenges and deep learning-aided models for the development of natural hydrogen

Energy Science

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Energy science 2025年第01期01卷

作者： Shuyu Sun Jihong Shi Ping Hu Jie Liu Tao Zhang Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Physics King’s College London Strand London WC2R 2LS United Kingdom Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering — Mechanics and Materials Arhus University Denmark College of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong China

Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier that plays a crucial role in the transition toward a low-carbon economy. While most hydrogen is currently produced from fossil fuels or through water electrolysis using renewable energy, natural hydrogen (also known as white, native, geological hydrogen) represents an underexplored and potentially abundant source. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on the development of natural hydrogen, highlighting the technical challenges in detection, exploration, production and transportation. To resolve these challenges, a number of deep learning-aided models have been developed, including geological feature detection models, phase equilibrium models and gas transportation models. Concluding remarks are discussed for insight into future research directions.

关键词： Natural hydrogen deep learning reservoir simulation TINN

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Design of the Playskin Airtm: A user-controlled, soft pneumatic exoskeleton

Design of the Playskin Airtm: A user-controlled, soft pneuma...

引用

2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference, DMD 2019

作者： Li, Bai Greenspan, Ben Mascitelli, Thomas Raccuglia, Michael Denner, Kayleigh Duda, Raymond Lobo, Michele A. Physical Therapy Department and Biomechanics and Movement Science Program University of Delaware NewarkDE United States Mechanical Engineering Department University of Delaware NewarkDE United States Biomedical Engineering Program University of Delaware NewarkDE United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791841037

Many children have an upper extremity disability leaving them unable to explore the environment around them. Hard exoskeletons can provide support to lift a child’s arms up against gravity, but these devices are generally large and obtrusive leading to low adherence. Children often prefer to have limited arm function rather than wearing such a device. Our lab has previously designed a passive soft exoskeleton to lift children’s arms, but this did not allow for user control and was limited in the length and weight of arm it could support. Building off of this research, we have created the preliminary design for a user-controlled pneumatic soft exoskeleton that may allow users to independently raise and lower their arms. Copyright © 2019 ASME

关键词： Pneumatics

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Integrated optical gas sensing and wireless communicationin the mid-infrared

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Applied Optics 2025年第16期64卷 D114-D121页

作者： Ali Elkhazraji Mohammed Sait Aamir Farooq Department of Mechanical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Aramco Upstream Research Center EXPEC ARC King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia

This study demonstrates the feasibility of a hybrid open-path opticalcommunication and gas sensing system utilizing an 8 µmquantum-cascade laser (QCL). The system integrates hydrogen sulfide ( ${\rm H}_{2}{\rmS}$ ) detection with wireless opticalcommunication, enabling real-time monitoring over large distances withminimal infrastructure. Spectral simulations based on HITRAN2020 wereused to select an optimal wavelength ( $1234.6\,\,\rmcm^{-1}$ ) that ensures minimal interferencefrom atmospheric ${\rm H}_{2}{\rmO}$ and ${\rm CO}_2$ while maintaining high sensitivityfor ${\rm H}_2{\rmS}$ . Experimental validation confirmedthe system’s independent capabilities for sensing and *** simultaneous operation, the system demonstrated robustperformance with an inverse relationship between bit error rate (BER)and gas sensing accuracy as ${\rm H}_2{\rmS}$ concentration varied. Theintersection point of these performance metrics ( ${\sim}{8}\% \;{\rmH_{2}S}$ ) highlights the system’s operationalfeasibility at relevant leak concentrations in oil and gasenvironments. This work lays the groundwork for advanced hybridsystems applicable to industrial safety and environmentalmonitoring.

关键词： Diode lasers Distributed feedback lasers Fiber Bragg grating sensors Free space optics Optical detection Optical wireless communication

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Transforming Red Phosphorus Photocatalysis: Dual Roles of Pre-Anchored Ru Single Atoms in Defect and Interface engineering

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第45期136卷

作者： Junwei Bian Wei Zhang Prof. Yun Hau Ng Prof. Zhuofeng Hu Prof. Zhen Wei Yuxi Liu Prof. Jiguang Deng Prof. Hongxing Dai Prof. Lin Jing Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong S.A.R. China Chemical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

Crystalline red phosphorus (CRP), known for its promising photocatalytic properties, faces challenges in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) due to undesired inherent charge deep trapping and recombination effects induced by defects. This study overcomes these limitations through an innovative strategy in integrating ruthenium single atoms (Ru 1 ) within CRP to simultaneously repair the intrinsic undesired vacancy defects and serve as the uniformly distributed anchoring sites for a controllable growth into ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NP ). Hence, a highly functionalized CRP with Ru 1 and Ru NP (Ru 1-NP /CRP) with concerted effects in regulating electronic structures and promoting interfacial charge transfer has been achieved. Advanced characterizations unveil the pioneering dual role of pre-anchored Ru 1 (analogous to the “Tai Chi” principle) in transforming CRP photocatalysis. The regulations of vacancy defects on the surface of CRP minimize the detrimental deep charge trapping, resulting in the prolonged lifetime of active charges. With the well-distributed in situ growth of Ru NP on Ru 1 sites, the constructed robust “bridge” that connects CRP and Ru NP facilitates constructive interfacial charge transfer. Ultimately, the synergistic effect induced by the pre-anchored Ru 1 endows Ru 1-NP /CRP with an exceptional PHE rate of 3175 μmol h −1 g −1 , positioning it as one of the most efficient elemental-based photocatalysts available. This breakthrough underscores the crucial role of pre-anchoring metal single atoms at defect sites of catalysts in enhancing sustainable hydrogen production.

关键词： photocatalytic hydrogen evolution red phosphorus ruthenium single atom defect engineering interface engineering

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Phase Transformations, Microstructural Refinement and Defect Evolution Mechanisms in Al-Si Alloys under Non-Hydrostatic Diamond Anvil Cell Compression

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2020年

作者： Liu, Tingkun Olszta, Matthew Gwalani, Bharat Park, Changyong Mathaudhu, Suveen Devaraj, Arun Physical and Computational Science Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory High Pressure Collaborative Access Team X-ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Material Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside Mechanical Engineering Department University of California Riverside

Non-hydrostatic compression of materials using a diamond anvil cell (DAC) can transform equilibrium microstructure of an alloy to novel, potentially metastable states. In this study, in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) during compression up to 24 GPa and subsequent ex situ, high resolution analytical electron microscopy (AEM) after decompression of an Al-Si alloy provided insight into the crystallographic changes during the compression as well as microstructural refinement, and defect structures caused by such a high pressure compression-decompression process. Pressure resolved in-situ synchrotron XRD was used to detail the phase transformation pathway of the eutectic Si phase in Al-Si alloy, from Si-I → Si-XI → Si-V during compression, and a final transformation predominantly to Si-III after decompression. Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM), site specific analysis of the alloy immediately underneath the anvil contact surface demonstrated a highly complex microstructure. A narrow region of thick amorphous Al oxide interspersed with nanocrystalline grains was found at the top surface. Underneath this Al oxide, while the majority the eutectic Si was transformed into highly-deformed, polycrystalline (PC) Si-III, a complex intermediate layer was discovered at the interface between Al and Si, comprised of a small fraction of Al nanocrystals and a majority of nanocrystalline Si-I. This combination of pressure resolved in-situ synchrotron XRD coupled with subsequent high resolution, electron microscopy resolved the phase transformation as well as non-equilibrium microstructures in a metallic alloy induced by a non-hydrostatic high pressure compression followed by decompression. © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon alloys

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The IDEAL framework for surgical robotics: development, comparative evaluation and long-term monitoring (vol 30, pg 61, 2024)

引用

NATURE MEDICINE 2024年第4期30卷 1213-1213页

作者： Marcus, Hani J. Ramirez, Pedro T. Khan, Danyal Z. Horsfall, Hugo Layard Hanrahan, John G. Williams, Simon C. Beard, David J. Bhat, Rani Catchpole, Ken Cook, Andrew Hutchison, Katrina Martin, Janet Melvin, Tom Stoyanov, Danail Rovers, Maroeska Raison, Nicholas Dasgupta, Prokar Noonan, David Stocken, Deborah Sturt, Georgia Vanhoestenberghe, Anne Vasey, Baptiste McCulloch, Peter Department of Neurosurgery National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery London UK Wellcome/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) London UK Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Houston Methodist Hospital Neal Cancer Center Houston TX USA RCS Surgical Interventional Trials Unit (SITU) & Robotic and Digital Surgery Initiative (RADAR) Nuffield Dept Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK Department of Gynaecological Oncology Apollo Hospital Bengaluru India Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA NIHR Coordinating Centre and Clinical Trials Unit University of Southampton Southampton UK Department of Philosophy Macquarie University Sydney Australia Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine University of Western Ontario Ontario Canada Department of Medical Gerontology School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Republic of Ireland Department of Medical Imaging Radboudumc Nijmegen the Netherlands Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King’s College London London UK King’s Health Partners Academic Surgery King’s College London London UK Moon Surgical Paris France RCSEng Surgical Trials Centre Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research University of Leeds Leeds UK Bowel Research UK London UK School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences King’s College London London UK Department of Surgery Geneva University Hospital Geneva Switzerland Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford UK PRISMA Lab University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy Health Ethics and Policy Lab Department of Health Sciences and Technology Zürich Switzerland School of Computer Science University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Division of Cardiac Surgery Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical Schoo

The next generation of surgical robotics is poised to disrupt healthcare systems worldwide, requiring new frameworks for evaluation. However, evaluation during a surgical robot’s development is challenging due to their complex evolving nature, potential for wider system disruption and integration with complementary technologies like artificial intelligence. Comparative clinical studies require attention to intervention context, learning curves and standardized outcomes. Long-term monitoring needs to transition toward collaborative, transparent and inclusive consortiums for real-world data collection. Here, the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long-term monitoring (IDEAL) Robotics Colloquium proposes recommendations for evaluation during development, comparative study and clinical monitoring of surgical robots—providing practical recommendations for developers, clinicians, patients and healthcare systems. Multiple perspectives are considered, including economics, surgical training, human factors, ethics, patient perspectives and sustainability. Further work is needed on standardized metrics, health economic assessment models and global applicability of recommendations.

关键词： Medical research Surgery

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