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SSRN 2025年

作者： Eckstein, Kevin N. Liu, Boyuan Schoonraad, Sarah A. Guastaldi, Fernando Pozzi Semeghini Uzcategui, Camila Muralidharan, Archish McLeod, Robert R. Randolph, Mark A. Bryant, Stephanie J. Ferguson, Viginia L. Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard School of Dental Medicine Harvard Medical School BostonMA02114 United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA02114 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States

Osteochondral defects in diarthrodial joints can occur as a result of trauma. When left untreated, the surrounding tissues experience abnormal mechanical loads that can cause further degeneration. Thus, treatment of osteochondral defects requires the ability to support physiological loads and prevent further degeneration of surrounding tissues. Additive manufacturing techniques, such as bio-ink printing, have been explored to structurally reinforce soft scaffolds;however, these methods struggle to accurately print complex designs with small feature sizes (e.g., on the order of ~100 micrometers). In this study, we present a composite osteochondral scaffold with regional stiffness gradients, optimized to mimic the mechanical properties of articular cartilage and limit high strains in the subchondral bone. This scaffold incorporates a load-bearing structure, with ≥ 180 μm diameter truss elements, that is 3D printed via projection micro-stereolithography with a biomimetic soft hydrogel. We hypothesized that incorporating a reinforcing structure with cartilage and bone regions possessing tissue-specific stiffnesses, compared to a soft gel alone, would reduce degradation of native cartilage tissue adjacent to osteochondral defects and promote multi-tissue integration in porcine knees after six weeks. Histological analysis and microcomputed tomography revealed site-specific changes in the surrounding tissue, notably in the adjacent cartilage. mechanical evaluation of adjacent native tissue showed that scaffolds with the 3D printed composite structure resulted in 33% less surrounding cartilage degradation compared to gel-only treatments. Within the defect, the soft gel alone limited mineralization, while the composite supported mineralization but only in its stiffer region. These findings suggest that incorporating a 3D printed reinforcing osteochondral mimetic structure protects the adjacent cartilage, enhances tissue integration, and spatially supports mineralization. © 2

关键词： Bone

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Back-end-of-line integration of 2D materials on silicon microchips

Back-end-of-line integration of 2D materials on silicon micr...

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2023 International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM 2023

作者： Lanza, M. Pazos, S. Zhu, K. Yuan, Y. Shen, Y. Alharbi, O. Zheng, W. Zhang, X. Alshareef, H.N. Materials Science and Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327670

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have excellent electronic and thermal properties that could help to improve the performance of electronic devices and circuits. However, scalable 2D materials synthesis and their integration in silicon microchips (with, for example, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, CMOS) transistors presents some challenges, mainly related to the presence of local defects that degrade device/circuit performance. In this invited article, we discuss the integration of 2D materials in silicon microchips. We analyze the type of materials and their properties, the main synthesis and manipulation methods, the type of circuits fabricated, the electronic performance achieved, as well as the future challenges and solutions. We focus on microchips with pre-patterned CMOS circuits on which the 2D material is deposited at the back-end-of-line (BEOL). © 2023 IEEE.

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Simulating Jupiter's Great Red Spot with Discrete Exterior Calculus 22

Simulating Jupiter's Great Red Spot with Discrete Exterior C...

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22nd Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, AFMC 2020

作者： Jagad, P. Samtaney, R. Mechanical Engineering Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781742723419

The giant vortex in Jupiter's atmosphere, the great red spot (GRS), has grabbed attention of not only astrophysicists but also of fluid dynamists. What fluid dynamics/thermodynamics conditions might have formed it and made it extremely stable and long-lived are some fundamental questions of interest, and the present work addresses these. We model the GRS numerically using a structure-preserving Discrete Exterior Calculus (DEC) method. Our initial condition comprises of vortices embedded in a shearing zonal flow. We solve the continuity and momentum equation (that conserves the potential vorticity) on a sphere (thereby including sphericity and excluding domain boundary influence), for incompressible, inviscid flow with uniform fluid properties. We investigate the vorticity dynamics of vortices in shearing zonal flows for a range of parameters. Our simulations show evolution of a stable vortex in a zonal band similar to the GRS. © 2020 22nd Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, AFMC 2020. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vortex flow

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Optimizing electrochemical removal of perfluorooctanoic acid in landfill leachate using ceramic carbon foam electrodes by coupling CFD simulation and reactor design

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Chemosphere 2025年 376卷 144282页

作者： Pierpaoli, Mattia Jakóbczyk, Pawel Szopińska, Malgorzata Ryl, Jacek Giosué, Chiara Wróbel, Maciej Strugala, Gabriel Luczkiewicz, Aneta Fudala-Książek, Sylwia Bogdanowicz, Robert Faculty of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics Gdańsk University of Technology 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street Gdańsk80-233 Poland Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Technology Gdańsk University of Technology 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street Gdańsk80-233 Poland Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics Division of Electrochemistry and Surface Physical Chemistry Gdańsk University of Technology 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street Gdańsk80-233 Poland Università Politecnica Delle Marche Via Brecce Bianche 12 Ancona60131 Italy Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology Department of Materials Science and Technology Gdańsk University of Technology 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street Gdańsk80-233 Poland Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Sanitary Engineering Gdańsk University of Technology 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street Gdańsk80-233 Poland

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent and bioaccumulative pollutant classified as a 'forever chemical', poses a global environmental and health risk due to its widespread use and resistance to degradation. The development of effective and efficient removal technologies is crucial to mitigate its long-term impacts. In this study, we present a novel approach to address the growing concern of emerging contaminants, particularly PFOA, in landfill leachate. We investigate the use of ceramic carbon foam electrodes (CCFE) as a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional electrode materials for the electrochemical degradation of PFOA. Computed microtomography was used to reconstruct the actual three-dimensional geometries of the samples from which porosities were calculated. We also coupled computational fluid dynamics simulations of the actual geometries and optimized the working conditions to minimize pressure drop and improve treatment efficiency. Our design significantly reduces energy requirements by operating at lower potentials, a critical factor in sustainable waste management practices. The optimized CCFE system demonstrated superior performance in the degradation of PFOA in landfill leachate, offering a promising solution for the treatment of emerging contaminants. This study not only provides a viable method for mitigating the environmental impact of PFOA but also sets a precedent for the development of low-energy, high-efficiency treatment technologies for various persistent pollutants. In addition, the proposed solution, as part of closed-loop water systems, will enhance water reuse and recycling, thereby preserving and regenerating natural water bodies. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Leachate treatment

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Pre-treatment optimization to reduce membrane fouling during produced water treatment with an integrated FO-MD system

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science Talks 2025年 14卷

作者： Muhammad Saqib Nawaz Sofiane Soukane Muhammad Bilal Asif Veerabhadraiah Gudideni Sultan Alrubaish Noreddine Ghaffour Environmental Sciences and Engineering Program Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Energy Systems Division Process & Control Systems Department Saudi Aramco Dhahran Saudi Arabia

During oil exploration, fresh water that is injected into underground reservoirs returns to the surface loaded with hydrocarbons, salts, and other contaminants. This complex solution is typically known as produced water (PW). Generally, different PW streams are generated at a given site, which, after suitable treatment, are sent for re-injection for enhanced oil recovery or to disposal wells. However, there is a potential for water recovery from this hypersaline contaminated stream. Forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD) are two low-pressure membrane treatment technologies successfully used in a single hybrid system for PW treatment. During operation, the key foulants on the FO membrane were CaSiO 3 , CaSO 4 , and NaCl, while for MD, they were SiO 2 and CaSO 4 plus emulsified oil, causing pore clogging. Some foulants were tightly bound and not removed by osmotic backwashing or hydraulic flushing, thus requiring pre-treatment. Different pre-treatment techniques, like ion exchange resins and polymeric and ceramic membrane-based ultrafiltration (UF), were assessed in this study. The resins were able to remove bivalent metallic ions successfully from lower concentration streams only and thus caused an increase in FO flux and a reduction in MD flux by disturbing the FO-MD system equilibrium. The higher concentrations of resins and chemicals required for their regeneration make them unsuitable for such applications. On the contrary, PW pre-treated with polymeric and ceramic UF membranes led to increased FO and MD fluxes without any chemical requirement and proved suitable for pre-treatment.

关键词： Pre-treatment Produced water Ion-exchange resins Ultrafiltration Forward osmosis Membrane distillation

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Mitigating offshore oily wastewater pollution: Sustainable strategies for treatment, disposal, and reuse

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Marine Pollution Bulletin 2025年 219卷 118240页

作者： Rajab Abousnina Noreddine Ghaffour Long D. Nghiem School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Curtin University Perth 6102 Australia King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Environmental Science & Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia

Oily wastewater, a major byproduct of petroleum oil and gas production, poses serious environmental risks if not effectively treated. This review analyses the composition of oily wastewater, assesses current treatment methods, and explores strategies to improve efficiency while reducing capital and operational costs. Data corroborated from this work suggests that integrated treatment systems are more effective than single-method approach. Membrane-based technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO), and membrane distillation (MD) show promise in improving pollutant removal and energy efficiency. However, persistent challenges such as membrane fouling, high capital and operational costs, and membrane stability necessitate further innovation in materials development and hybrid system design. This review highlights the potential of well-designed hybrid systems for offshore oily wastewater treatment. Such systems can significantly enhance contaminant removal while minimising energy consumption and operational costs. Overcoming technical challenges and advancing membrane technologies will be essential for more sustainable and cost-effective oily wastewater treatment.

关键词： Petroleum oil and gas Oily wastewater Hybrid system technologies Offshore Membrane technologies

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Multifrequency excitation of a clamped–clamped microbeam:Analytical and experimental investigation

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 278-283页

作者： Nizar Jaber Abdallah Ramini Mohammad I.Younis Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of New York at BinghamtonBinghamtonNY 13902USA

Using partial electrodes and a multifrequency electrical source,we present a large-bandwidth,large-amplitude clamped–clamped microbeam resonator excited near the higher order modes of *** analytically and experimentally investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the microbeam under a two-source harmonic *** first-frequency source is swept around the first three modes of vibration,whereas the second source frequency remains *** additive and subtractive resonances are *** illustrated that by properly tuning the frequency and amplitude of the excitation force,the frequency bandwidth of the resonator is *** microbeam is fabricated using polyimide as a structural layer coated with nickel from the top and chromium and gold layers from the *** the Galerkin method,a reduced order model is derived to simulate the static and dynamic response of the device.A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental data are reported.

关键词： multifrequency nonlinear dynamics wideband resonator electrostatic combination resonances

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Sensitivity study of resolution and convergence requirements for the extended overlap region in wall-bounded turbulence

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physical Review Fluids 2024年第8期9卷 L082601-L082601页

作者： Sergio Hoyas Ricardo Vinuesa Peter Schmid Hassan Nagib Instituto Universitario de Matemática Pura y Aplicada Universitat Politècnica de València FLOW Engineering Mechanics KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Mechanical Materials and Aerospace Engineering Armour College of Engineering ILLINOIS TECH

Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) are among the most powerful tools for studying turbulent flows. Even though the achievable Reynolds numbers are lower than those obtained through experimental means, DNS offers a clear advantage: The entire velocity field is known, allowing for the evaluation of any desired quantity. This capability includes the computation of derivatives of all relevant terms. One such derivative provides the indicator function, which is the product of the wall distance and the wall-normal derivative of the mean streamwise velocity. This derivative may depend on mesh spacing and distribution, but it is extremely affected by the convergence of the simulation. The indicator function is crucial for understanding inner and outer interactions in wall-bounded flows and describing the overlap region between them. We find a clear dependence of this indicator function on the mesh distributions we examine, raising questions about classical mesh and convergence requirements for DNS and achievable accuracy. Within the framework of the logarithmic plus linear overlap region, coupled with a parametric study of channel flows and some pipe flows, sensitivities of extracted overlap parameters are examined. This study reveals a path to establishing their high-Reτ or nearly asymptotic values at modest Reynolds numbers, but larger than the ones used in this work, accessible by high-quality DNS with reasonable cost.

关键词： Boundary layers Complex fluids Three-dimensional turbulence Turbulence Turbulent boundary layers

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Achieving room-temperature M_(2)-phase VO_(2) nanowires for superior thermal actuation

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Nano Research 2021年第11期14卷 4146-4153页

作者： Yong-Qiang Zhang Kai Chen Hao Shen Yue-Cun Wang Mohamed Nejib Hedhili Xixiang Zhang Ju Li Zhi-Wei Shan Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia Departments of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA

Vanadium dioxide (VO_(2)) has emerged as a promising micro-actuator material for its large amplitude and high work density across the transition between the insulating (M_(1) and M_(2)) and metallic (R) phase. Even though M_(2)–R transition offers about 70% higher transformation stress than M_(1)–R structural phase transition, the application of the M_(2) phase in the micro-actuators is hindered by the fact that previously, M_(2) phase can only stay stable under tensile stress. In this work, we propose and verify that by synthesizing the VO_(2) nanowires under optimized oxygen-rich conditions, stoichiometry change can be introduced into the nanowires (NWs) which in turn yield a large number free-standing single-crystalline M_(2)-phase NWs stable at room temperature. In addition, we demonstrate that the output stress of the M_(2)-phase NWs is about 65% higher than that of the M_(1)-phase NWs during their transition to R phase, quite close to the theoretical prediction. Our findings open new avenues towards enhancing the performance of VO_(2)-based actuators by using M_(2)–R transition.

关键词： single crystalline vanadium dioxide(VO_(2))nanowires metal-insulator transition room-temperature M_(2)phase micro-actuator martensitic transformation transformation strain

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Degradation behaviour and damage mechanisms of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite laminates subjected to laser irradiation

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Composites Part C: Open Access 2025年 17卷

作者： Kamlade, Patrick K. Panta, Jojibabu Mammone, Max Yang, Richard Mildren, Richard P. Wang, John Ibrahim, Matthew Thomson, Rodney Zhang, Y.X. Centre for Advanced Manufacturing Technology School of Engineering Design and Built Environment Western Sydney University Locked Bag 1797 Penrith 2751 NSW Australia MQ Photonics Research Centre School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Macquarie University Macquarie Park 2109 NSW Australia Platforms Division Defence Science and Technology Group Melbourne 3207 VIC Australia Advanced Composite Structures Australia Pty Ltd 19 Rocklea Drive Port Melbourne 3207 Australia School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Technology Sydney Ultimo 2007 NSW Australia

This study presents a comprehensive and insightful investigation into the thermal degradation and damage mechanisms of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates exposed to continuous wave laser irradiation with a Gaussian beam profile. The effects of laser power, beam diameter, and exposure time were explored to reflect practical scenarios such as material processing, maintenance, and damage assessment. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was first carried out in both nitrogen and air environments to understand the thermal stability and degradation behaviour of the CFRP material. Initial laser tests were conducted at 30 W and 40 W using a beam diameter of 3.46 mm to assess early-stage damage. These results informed a more intensive study using a higher laser power of 98 W with beam diameters of 3.18 mm and 5.70 mm, where specimens were irradiated until complete perforation. Thermal imaging was used to monitor surface temperature evolution on both front and back sides during irradiation. For the 98 W cases, the larger beam diameter required a 53 % longer exposure time to achieve perforation, highlighting the role of power density in damage progression. Post-irradiation analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultrasonic C-scans, and micro-focused X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) revealed fibre sublimation, matrix decomposition, cone-shaped perforations, and interlaminar cracking. The results provide valuable insights into how CFRP materials respond to high-intensity laser exposure and can support the development of strategies to mitigate damage and improve structural performance in real-world applications. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) Damage Degradation behaviour Laser irradiation Material characterisation Thermal stability

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