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Characteristics of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of palm kernel shell

AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2837卷

作者： Novi Caroko Harwin Saptoadi Tri Agung Rohmat Mechanical Engineering Study Program Engineering Faculty Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Jalan Brawijaya Tamantirta Bantul Yogyakarta 55163 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Study Program Engineering Faculty Universitas Gadjah Mada Jalan Grafika No. 2 Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia

The research aims to investigate the kinetic characteristic of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of palm kernel shells using microwave output power (800, 600, 450, and 300 watts). The research consists of three steps; thermogravimetry analysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis, and kinetic study analysis. This research showed that increased output power affected the decreasing activated energy, increased heating rate, and accelerated pyrolysis. The findings showed that microwave output power significantly affected kinetic characteristics and the production yield of microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis ran optimally at 800, 600, and 450 watts but had not yet entirely run at 300 watts. The shells produced high solid products because they had a high lignin content (38.76 wt.%). The shell had a volatile matter content of 67.84 wt. %. Analysis using GC-MS showed that the liquid product contains an aromatic compound which was acetic acid and phenol.

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Overview of Hysteresis Current Controller Application in Renewable Energy Based Power Systems

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期536卷

作者： A. M. Shiddiq Yunus Sri Swasti Purwito Energy Conversion Study Program Mechanical Engineering Department Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang Indonesia Electric Power Engineering Study Program Electrical Engineering Department Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang Indonesia

This paper presents an overview of the Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC) application in Renewable Energy Based Power System. The beginning concept of HCC is considered to be formally introduced by Thomas M. Freederiksen and Ronald W. Russel in 1971 that was registered in US Patent No. US3725673. The fundamental principle of HCC is based on the comparison of the instantaneous load current to the instantaneous sine wave reference where the difference between the two is maintained within the defined upper and lower band. There are some advantages of using HCC including simple, insensitivity to load parameters variations, fast dynamic response and inherent maximum current limiting characteristics. Therefore, based on its robustness, HCC has currently applied also in renewable energy based power plants such as PV converter system, Power Electronics System of Wind Energy, and in SMES control system for Wind Energy Application. However, the drawback of HCC system was also discussed in some papers compared with other control systems, for instant HCC is giving high chattering in torque in IM drive test. Therefore the combination of HCC with other controllers also becomes a new trend to improve the applied system that involving HCC as the main controller.

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Design and calculation of mechanical system for solar-powered electric boat

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018年第1期105卷

作者： Sunaryo Dendi Nurachman Pradhana S Imfianto Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Study Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424 Indonesia

Indonesian government has a flagship program that is to promote the nation through the maritime sector and make Indonesia as Global Maritime Fulcrum. To achieve that, sea transportation is very important for the development of Indonesia. But sea transportation is also the highest contributor to the air pollution and global warming. In order to reduce the source of global warming Indonesian Government has a strategic plan to gradually replace the use of fossil energy with renewable energy. One of the renewable energy that can be used effectively in Indonesia is solar energy, because Indonesia located along the equator and has a high intensity of sunlight that means it has excellent solar energy availability. In attempt to contribute to the Government's energy strategic plan, the research is aimed to design a solar-powered electric boat with single pilot. The project is a further development of the solar boat created by the Universitas Indonesia team that participated in the International Solar-boat Challenge competition in the Netherlands. The paper is focused on the design and calculation of its mechanical system. The system is divided into propulsion system, steering system, and bilge pump system. The research is conducted based on literature study, discussion with experts, and surveys to the solar-powered electric boat had been designed previously for the race. Collected data are then used as input for the calculation and simulation of the vessel being designed. It is expected that the study could optimize the mechanical system of the solar-powered electric boat, and can be developed for recreational use in Indonesian waters.

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Application of air conditioner (AC) automation system on arduino flatform-based vehicle

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期885卷

作者： Randis S H Wijaya Heavy Equipment Study Program Mechanical Engineering Department Balikpapan State Polytechnic Balikpapan Indonesia

This study aims to design and create a safety device and automation system in the use of air conditioner (ac) use in-vehicle units, especially in four-wheeled vehicles based on Arduino UNO microcontroller Atmega 328. The safety device system created in this study used Arduino UNO as its microcontroller, a tool was equipped with a PIR sensor that was positioned in the cabin and a limit switch placed at the door of the vehicle. If there are humans inside the vehicle unit, the PI sensor will detect movement, and if the unit door is in the closed position, the limit switch will be depressed. The principle used the AND logic gate principle where both inputs both the PIR sensor and the limit switch must work together to turn on the AC, but if only one input works, then the AC will not turn on. The results of this study indicated the tool could work under the design that has been done, and the programming of the safety device can work well according to the desired working principles through the programming commands on the Arduino UNO microcontroller.

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Development of an Automatic Anti Pitching System (APS) Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) for Fish Mapping

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第3期1569卷

作者： Noverdo Saputra Muhammad Arifudin Lukmana Purwo Joko Suranto Study Program Naval Architecture Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta Indonesia Study Program Mechanical Engineering Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta Indonesia

The common problem occurs in fish mapping using autonomous surface vehicles (ASV) is pitching stability. Some researchers have indicated that problem affects the results of mapping. The target of this system is to design an Autonomous Pitching System (APS) for ASV using numerical simulation software. The simulation is done by implement APS into the system, producing an oscillatory motion from the ASV. For both dynamics of craft in short and long periods, APS with proportional controller (P), proportional-integral controller (PI), and proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID) are developed in order to minimize the oscillatory behaviour. It was found that for the short period dynamics, the APS with PI controller was the optimal controller, followed by the PID controller and then the P controller. For the long period dynamics, the APS with PID controller was optimal.

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Natural fiber heat treatment on composite material

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2772卷

作者： Nuha Desi Anggraeni Alfan Ekajati Latief 1Mechanical Engineering Study Program Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung Bandung – INDONESIA

Composite material is a mixture of two or more materials that can produce new materials. Composite materials are composed of a matrix and reinforcement, the reinforcement used in the composite can use natural fibers. Natural fibers, have relatively affordable prices and can be decomposed by the environment compared to synthetic fibers. The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in composites can help balance nature. The resulting composite material also has strength that can be used to make materials for the manufacture of vehicle components. Composite materials can be produced using an injection molding machine. To make composite materials using injection molding, it is necessary to pre-treat the natural fibers used as reinforcement. The treatment is heating the fiber to reduce the water content in the fiber. Fiber heating is carried out to see the effect of water loss on the composite material. Heating was carried out for 5 hours using 5 temperature differences. The result shows that heating at 210 °C reduces the moisture content by 0.2258% and is the ideal temperature for heating natural fibers. The results of the composite material by heating the fiber at this temperature produce the best strength.

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Impacts of Grid Frequency Variation on Dynamic Performance of DFIG Based Wind Turbine

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期619卷

作者： A. M. Shiddiq Yunus Energy Conversion Study Program Mechanical Engineering Department Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang Indonesia

Wind energy is one of popular sources of renewable energy that massively used to generate electric power nowadays. Among wind generator technologies, Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is placed as the first dominant wind generator type that is installed worldwide since 2004. Its popularity is due to the advantages of its capability to extract more energy compare to the fixed speed type. Moreover, it uses only one-third converter size which reduced the total construction cost compared to its closest rival, Full Converter Wind Turbine Generator Type. Although DFIG widely installed worldwide, it is in fact, very sensitive to the grid disturbances such as frequency variation. Based on IEEE standard for 60 Hz system, a power system should not be allowed to work in less than 59.3 Hz or more than 60.5 Hz. In this paper, DFIG-grid connected is extensively simulated in the condition of frequency variation that is carried out using Matlab/Simulink. The results show that some important parameters such as power output of the generator, voltage at point of common coupling, voltage at DC link and generator speed are experiencing significant rise/drop which in turn might damage the wind turbine generator.

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Effect of contact surface temperature on wear of nickel-chromium layer

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2187卷

作者： I. M. Widiyarta I. M. Parwata I. P. Lokantara Dwipayana 1Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Indonesia 2Magister of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Indonesia

In sliding contact of two components, the contact temperature will be generated due to the friction force and this may weaken the material and cause the material to be less resistance to fail by wear. However, the generated temperature may develop oxide layers at the surface and thus may protect the material to fail by wear. In this work, the contact surface of the material of the medium carbon steel was coated with Nickel-Chromium in the process of flame powder spray coating. To determine the effect of the elevated temperature at the contact surface on the wear of the Nickel-Chromium layers, the wear test with the various temperatures of the surface was performed using the ball-on-plat wear test machine. The surface temperature was arranged in the range of 30, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300°C. The results show that the wear rate decrease from about 0.0347x10−3 to 0.0083x10−3 gr/m with increasing the surface temperature from 30°C to 50°C and increasing the surface temperature up to 300°C, the wear rate slightly fluctuated between 0.0023x10−3 and 0.0053x10−3 gr/m. This wear rate behavior occurred because of the oxide layers presented at the surface due to the elevated temperature.

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Synthesis and characterization of a novel SCPC-CO3ap cement for pulp capping application in dentistry

Synthesis and characterization of a novel SCPC-CO3ap cement ...

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29th Symposium and Annual Meeting of the International Society for Ceramics in Medicine, ISCM 2017

作者： Cahyanto, Arief Rezano, Andri Zakaria, Myrna Nurlatifah El-Ghannam, Ahmed Department of Dental Materials Science and Technology Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21 Jatinangor45363 Indonesia Department of Anatomy Physiology and Cell Biology Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21 Jatinangor45363 Indonesia Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry Program Study of Dentistry Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman Cimahi Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science University of North Carolina at Charlotte CharlotteNC28223 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783035712209

Silica-calcium phosphate composite (SCPC) and carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) have several superior properties as they are bioactive, bioresorbable and elicit excellent tissue response. The CO3Ap surface layer and hydrated silica developed on the surface of the SCPC may be a key factor for achieving dentin regeneration. On the other hand, calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] have antibacterial properties and biocompatible to dental tissue. Therefore, the combination of CO3Ap, SCPC, and Ca(OH)2 in a bone cement may be favorable as a pulp capping agent that enhances pulp tissue formation and dentin regeneration. The aim of the present study is to synthesize and characterize a novel SCPC-CO3Ap cement for pulp capping application in dentistry. The cement is composed of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), vaterite, Ca(OH)2 and SCPC. The set cement was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The microstructure of set cement was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the mechanical strength was evaluated by diametral tensile strength (DTS). The FT-IR analyses revealed that the additional bands of carbonate were detected in each sample. The SEM samples of set cement showing more compact surface microstructure of group II compared to other groups. Furthermore, the combination of 5% SCPC and 5% Ca(OH)2 in the cement facilitated a compact structure with superior mechanical strength. The novel SCPC-CO3Ap cement has great potential to be used for pulp capping to facilitate dentin regeneration. © 2017 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

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Experimental investigation of thermal behavior in an active type solar water heater based on phase change material using solar simulator

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2296卷

作者： Muhammad Nadjib Suhanan Joko Waluyo 1Doctoral Study Program Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Indonesia 2Mechanical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Yogyakarta 55183 Indonesia 3Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Indonesia

The weakness of an outdoor solar water heater (SWH) experiments is the difficulty in determining its thermal behavior. The fluctuation of solar radiation intensity causes the supply of energy received by SWH also fluctuate. The result is that the thermal behavior of the SWH cannot be known for specific parameters. This paper aims to investigate the thermal behavior of an active type SWH containing paraffin wax using the constant heat flux method. A phase change material (PCM) inserted into the capsule. The capsules were arranged in a tank to form a heat exchanger (HE). The thermocouples were mounted both on the waterside and the PCM side. The solar simulator installed on the top of the collector, and the SHW system placed indoors. The heat flux and water flow were set at 1000 W/m2 and 2 LPM, respectively. The temperatures of water and PCM for 143 minutes charging recorded. The data obtained were used to analyze the thermal behavior of water and PCM. The results showed that the average heating rate of water and PCM was 0.227 °C/min and 0.205 °C/min, respectively. The value of this adjacent average heating rate shows that HE has functioned well in removing heat energy from water. The accumulated thermal energy produced was 13.08 MJ. Indoor experiments can reveal the thermal behavior of the SWH-PCM systems.

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