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Compressive strength evaluation and phase analysis of pulp capping materials based on carbonate apatite-SCPC using different concentration of SCPC and calcium hydroxide

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Key engineering Materials 2018年第1期782卷 15-20页

作者： Cahyanto, Arief Restunaesha, Muga Zakaria, Myrna Nurlatifah Rezano, Andri El-Ghannam, Ahmed Department of Dental Materials Science and Technology Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21 Jatinangor45363 Indonesia Graduate Student of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21 Jatinangor45363 Indonesia Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry Program Study of Dentistry Faculty of Medicine Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman PO BOX 148 Cimahi Indonesia Department of Anatomy Physiology and Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21 Jatinangor45363 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science University of North Carolina at Charlotte CharlotteNC28223 United States

The mechanical strength of pulp capping material based on carbonate apatite and silica calcium-phosphate composite (CO3Ap-SCPC) is one of the key factors for the success of the material in protecting the vitality of the pulp during the formation of apatite and dentin reparative. Modifying the material in the powder phase was known to increase the mechanical strength. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of SCPC and calcium hydroxide in pulp capping materials based on CO3Ap-SCPC would affect the compressive strength of this pulp capping material. In this study, three cement groups were used, each group consisted of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous and vaterite which added by SCPC concentration 0%, 5% and 10% and calcium hydroxide concentration 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively. All groups were tested by a compressive strength test and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis. The mean value of compressive strength with addition of 0% SCPC and 10% Ca(OH)2 was 16.54 ± 1.35 MPa, addition of 5% SCPC and 5% Ca(OH)2 was 18.55 ± 2.81 MPa, addition of 10% SCPC and 0% Ca(OH)2 was 9.22 ± 1.21 MPa. The addition of SCPC and Ca(OH)2 show statistically significant in compressive strength (p2 could improve the mechanical strength and the apatite formation of the CO3Ap-SCPC pulp capping material. © 2018 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Compressive strength

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The effect of grain mass variations on drying time by adding a pipe heat exchanger to a fluidized bed dryer

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2199卷

作者： Syahrul A. D. Cahyono M. Mirmanto H. S. Tira Sukmawaty G. M. D. Putra 1Mechanical Engineering Department Mataram University Jl. Majapahit No. 62 Mataram 83125 Indonesia 2Agricultural Engineering Study Program Mataram University Jl. Majapahit No.62 Mataram 83125 Indonesia

Drying is one way of post-harvest handling to extend the shelf life, especially for agricultural crops. In general, post-harvest drying is only done naturally by using heat from solar energy or commonly called conventional drying. In this study, the grain was dried using a fluidized bed dryer. However, the fluidized bed dryer was modified by adding a pipe heat exchanger. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of grain mass and air intake temperatures on drying time. The Indonesian government has carried out SNI provisions for milling the maximum water content in the material which is 14%. In this study, the grain used was the newly harvested grain where the water content was about 20% with a tolerance of ± 1%. The mass variations in this study were 0.4 kg, 0.6 kg and 0.8 kg and the temperature variations applied were 55°C, 60°C, and 65° C. The results showed the highest heat loss occurs at the highest mass because the air velocity is not able to circulate properly.

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The investigation on cooling capacity and CELdek material pad classification of evaporative cooling pad system using different pad material with water temperature and water discharge variations

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1983卷

作者： Hendra Wijaksana I. Nyoman Suprapta Winaya Made Sucipta Ainul Ghurri Nengah Suarnadwipa 1Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Indonesia

The objective of this study is to evaluate the cooling capacity of evaporative cooling pad system using gunny sack and kerosene stove wick as pad material with variations on water temperature and water discharge of pad material wetting water and its appropriate to the use as an alternative pad material for commercial purpose of CELdek. The variety of pad material that can be used as a cooling medium in evaporative cooling pad system is very wide. Therefore it is need to analyze the performance of alternative pad materials variety in terms of cooling capacity. For this purpose, the test were conducted with three level water discharge (649.98 ml/min; 1299.96 ml/min; 1949.94 ml/min) and three different pad wetting water temperature (10 ± 1°C, 15 ± 1°C; 25 ± 1°C) for each pad material and for the thickness level of pad materials is arranged for gunny sack and kerosene stove wick with the thickness pad level respectively at 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 3.0 mm, in density of 3×2 mm, 2×1 mm and 6.0; 12.0 mm. In this research, 23 cylinder pad with wrapped material pad is arranged in staggered and placed perpendicular to the air flow direction, with length of 75 cm and diameter of 50 mm. The air suction velocity is keep constant on 0.818 m3/s, and discharge water is arranged using water distribution line contained 69 hole, in which for one hole has 28.3 ml/min, therefore to obtain water discharge for the first, second, and third water discharge would has opening hole for respectively 23, 46 and 69 holes,.the experiment is completed for three times repetitions for each discharge water, water temperature of every pad materials. According to the results of this study, it was found that the gunny sack at 3 mm thickness, 1949.94 ml/min water discharge and water temperature 15 ± 1°C has an average temperature drop,ΔT of 4.6°C with cooling capacity of 4.68 kW, while for the kerosene stove wick at 12 mm thickness, 1949.94 ml/min water discharge and water temperature 15 ± 1°C has the average

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Activated carbon characteristics of tabah bamboo that physically activated under different activation time

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期539卷

作者： D N K P Negara T G T Nindhia I W Surata M Sucipta F Hidajat Doctoral Study Program of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Kampus Sudirman Denpasar-Bali Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department of Udayana University Street of Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali Indonesia PPPTMGB 'Lemigas' Jl. Ciledug Raya Kav. 109 Jakarta Selatan 12230

Activated carbon is a versatile porous material that widely applied to purify, deodorize, decolorize, remove or reduce some gases harmful constituents and storage of gas. For different application different characteristics of activated carbon is required. This paper concerns to find out the characteristics of activated carbons derived from tabah bamboo (Gigantochloc nigrociliata) that physically activated with different activation holding time. Prepared tabah bamboo was carbonized by heating up to the temperature of 800 °C for two hours. The char produced was powdered and then activated physically by heating up to 800 °C, soaked at that temperature during each 1, 1.5 and 2 hours under 100 mL/min N2 flow. Activated carbons manufactured were characterized by proximate and ultimate analyses and SEM observation. The results show that the highest fix carbon (82.52%) and lowest ash (5.91 %) was obtained at 1 hour soaking time with moisture and volatile contents were 3.56% and 8.00 % respectively; the highest carbon (C) content of 84.16 % was yielded at soaked time of 1.5 hours; SEM observation shows that there were significant differences of morphology structure between raw material and activated carbons for all of the soaking time variations. The pores structures have been formed in the activated carbons produced.

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Design of Single Stage Axial Turbine with Constant Nozzle Angle Blading for Small Turbojet

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1005卷

作者： F Putra Adnan Firman Hartono Aeronautics and Astronautics Study Program Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung

In this paper, an aerodynamic design of a single stage gas generator axial turbine for small turbojet engine is explained. As per design requirement, the turbine should be able to deliver power output of 155 kW at 0.8139 kg/s gas mass flow, inlet total temperature of 1200 K and inlet total pressure of 335330 Pa. The design phase consist of several steps, i.e.: determination of velocity triangles in 2D plane, 2D blading design and 3D flow analysis at design point using Computational Fluid Dynamics method. In the determination of velocity triangles, two conditions are applied: zero inlet swirl (i.e. the gas flow enter the turbine at axial direction) and constant nozzle angle design (i.e. the inlet and outlet angle of the nozzle blade are constant from root to tip). The 2D approach in cascade plane is used to specify airfoil type at root, mean and tip of the blade based on inlet and outlet flow conditions. The 3D approach is done by simulating the turbine in full configuration to evaluate the overall performance of the turbine. The observed parameters including axial gap, stagger angle, and tip clearance affect its output power. Based on analysis results, axial gap and stagger angle are positively correlated with output power up to a certain point at which the power decreases. Tip clearance, however, gives inversely correlation with output power.

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Data Mining: The Classification Method to Predict the Types of Motorcycle Spare Parts to be Restocked

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第2期662卷

作者： S L B Ginting Y R Ginting Sutono A Rakhman Computer System Study Program Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Universitas Komputer Indonesia Jl. Dipati Ukur 112-116 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Riau Kampus Bina Widya KM 12 5 Simpang Baru Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia

The research intends to create an application which is able to analyse sales data in a motorcycle company to predict the types of spare parts which should be stocked. This prediction is crucial since problems are often encountered while restocking. For instance, when there have been some imprecisions occurring in deciding regarding the types of spare parts to restock, the spare parts accumulate. It can cause inefficiency in terms of storage, the products quality deteriorates due to having been stored for too long, and sometimes the best-selling products are not available in the warehouse. This application is developed with Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) method which has a high accuracy in predicting future occurrences. This method works by calculating the probability value in each attribute class and determining the optimal probability value. From the test results, 4500 training data with 200 sample test data has 90% similarity with the results of the restock decision without application. For 500 test data, the similarity was 96%. It is proven that this method has a high accuracy so that it can help the decision makers solved the company problem in predicting the types of motorcycle parts to be restocked.

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Design and calculation of mechanical system for solar-powered electric boat

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018年第1期105卷

作者： Sunaryo Dendi Nurachman Pradhana S Imfianto Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Study Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424 Indonesia

Indonesian government has a flagship program that is to promote the nation through the maritime sector and make Indonesia as Global Maritime Fulcrum. To achieve that, sea transportation is very important for the development of Indonesia. But sea transportation is also the highest contributor to the air pollution and global warming. In order to reduce the source of global warming Indonesian Government has a strategic plan to gradually replace the use of fossil energy with renewable energy. One of the renewable energy that can be used effectively in Indonesia is solar energy, because Indonesia located along the equator and has a high intensity of sunlight that means it has excellent solar energy availability. In attempt to contribute to the Government's energy strategic plan, the research is aimed to design a solar-powered electric boat with single pilot. The project is a further development of the solar boat created by the Universitas Indonesia team that participated in the International Solar-boat Challenge competition in the Netherlands. The paper is focused on the design and calculation of its mechanical system. The system is divided into propulsion system, steering system, and bilge pump system. The research is conducted based on literature study, discussion with experts, and surveys to the solar-powered electric boat had been designed previously for the race. Collected data are then used as input for the calculation and simulation of the vessel being designed. It is expected that the study could optimize the mechanical system of the solar-powered electric boat, and can be developed for recreational use in Indonesian waters.

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Preparation Of Superhydrophobic Zinc Oxide Nanorods Coating On Stainless Steel Via Chemical Bath Deposition

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期547卷

作者： Ahmad Nuruddin Brian Yuliarto Santi Kurniasih Henry Setiyanto Aditianto Ramelan Engineering Physics Research Group Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia Materials Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Analytical Chemistry Research Group Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia

The stearic acid modified zinc oxide nanorod surface was coated with a stainless steel substrate to improve the contact angle and the sliding angle. Facilitated through ZnO seeding on the substrate, the ZnO nanorod was deposited via chemical bath deposition at different precursor concentrations. The surface hydrophobicity was modified by varying concentrations of stearic acid at and submmersion time. The contact angle was investigated in relation to the surface microstructure and modification. Results indicate that the density of ZnO nanorods on the substrate surface and stearic acid coverage are prerequisites for improving surface hydrophobicity. Superhydrophobic properties with a contact angle of 162° was obtained for ZnO deposited with 35 mM zinc nitrate and submerged in 8 mM stearic acid for 36 h, which allowed 5 μL water droplets to slide at 3.8°.

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The Tensile Strength of Petung Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites: The Effects of Alkali Treatment, Composites Manufacturing, and Water Absorption

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期547卷

作者： Gunawan Refiadi Yusi Syamsiar Hermawan Judawisastra Mechanical Engineering Vocational Education Study Program College of Teacher Training and Education (STKIP) Sebelas April Jl. Anggrek Situ 10 Sumedang 45323 Indonesia Textile Chemistry Department Polytechnic of Textile Technology Jl. Jakarta 31 Bandung 40272 Indonesia Material Engineering Department Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

Natural fiber application due to its competitiveness attracted many research in green composites. However, the tensile properties of natural fiber composites might be influenced by several factors such as treatment of the fibers, manufacturing processes, and water absorption levels. In this research, we use petung bamboo fibers as natural fibers candidate for a good reinforcement in green composites. The study focused on the tensile property of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites due to alkali treatment, manufacturing process, and water absorption. The composites were made with three variations: the fibers were varied without and with alkaline treatment (5% NaOH); manual lay-up method and hot press were applied as manufacturing variation; moisture content in the composites was varied in dry condition and after water absorption treatment. Tensile testing and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), were performed to improve tensile strength of composite and fiber-matrix interface quality. The alkali treatment has less effect to the tensile strength than of the volume fraction gain and the void content. Composite manufacturing by hot press has a significant effect to the improvement of tensile strength up to 37% compare to the hand lay-up method. Water absorption up to 8.8% had decreased the tensile strength of composites up to 29%. The alkali treatment on the bamboo fibers had effectively reduced water absorption into the composite as well as the tensile strength reduction.

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Feasibility study on Structural Health Monitoring Systems Using Fiber-Optic Sensors (FOS) Technology for Transportation Infrastructures in Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期494卷

作者： A Suhartomo J W Simatupang B Widjaja F Gapsari Electrical Engineering Study Program President University Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara Jababeka Education Park Cikarang Bekasi West-Java 17550 Indonesia. Civil Engineering Department Parahyangan Catholic University Jl. Ciumbuleuit 94 Bandung Indonesia. Mechanical Engineering Department University of Brawijaya MT Haryono 167 Malang Indonesia.

Objective of this research is on the feasibility study to determine the possibility of using fiber optic sensor technology for monitoring structural health and integrity of transportation and civil infrastructures such as bridges and roads in Indonesia. Two aspects are discussed: cost-effective analysis and innovative technology applications. This paper presents the review results based on literature surveys and vendor product brochures of fiber-optic sensors for infrastructure health monitoring applications which could be used as a preliminary study and recommendation for current government regarding the implementation of fiber optic sensor in Indonesia. Since we realized that this topic spans out many disciplines, we limited our goal to only providing the basic conceptual framework. But experts interview will also be made in the future as supporting evidences (proofs) that the use of fiber-optic sensor technology makes it possible to realize the continuous, real-time, and automatic transportation infrastructural health monitoring. As compared to the previous conventional sensor technology, fiber optic sensor is introduced as one of smart structure sensors which is predicted as a more cost-effective and innovative solution among those. Hopefully, Indonesian government will be strongly committed to build or provide those worth optical fiber sensors in the future for the benefit of society.

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