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COST-ANALYSIS OF OPTIONAL METHODS OF SHIPBOARD DOMESTIC WASTE-DISPOSAL

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1973年第1期85卷 86-92页

作者： PIERSALL, CH BORGSTRO.RE USN CDR Charles H. Piersall Jr.USN graduated from the New York State Maritime College in 1956 with the Bachelor of Marine Engineer's Degree. He was designated Engineering Duty Officer (1400) in June 1958 and has had numerous engineering and industrial tours of duty. He has a Master's Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School (1965) and a Master's Degree in Business Administration (Systems Analysis) from the Defense Systems Analysis Program University of Rochester (1970). Upon completion of the latter he was ordered to The Center for Naval Analyses where he served as a cost analyst and shipbuilding/ship repair consultant. Additionally he was Project Officer for the Navy and the Environment Study. His present assignment is Director of Production Test and Integrated Logistic Support—LHA Project Naval Ship Systems Command. He is President of the CNA Sigma Xi Club and is active in the American Society of Naval Engineers. He has published articles in theASME Journal for PowertheJournal of the American Water Works Associationand theNaval Engineers Journal. Mr. Robert E. Borgstrom was graduated from the California State University at Northridge with a B.A. (1969) and an M.A. (1970) in Geography. He was Manager of Programming Services at the Laboratory for the Quantitative Analysis of Environmental and Spatial Systems and is presently with the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations assigned to the Center for Naval Analyses where his work has included studies of the Navy's program for environmental protection.

The problem of sewage and waste disposal from U. S. Navy ships is recognized by the highest authorities in the Navy. Many activities and individuals are deeply involved in the total problem and its numerous subcategories. The problem of costs of disposal is one of these. This paper discusses four optional methods for the disposal of shipboard domestic wastes. The annualized investment and operating costs associated with the implementation of each of the options are presented. The model considers non-nuclear, sea-going surface ships with a manning level greater than 50 men. Estimates were developed on a per ship per class basis and aggregated for the total surface fleet. This approach permits the inevstigation of different combinations of the options by merely specifying the number and type of ships to be considered in any option. Changes in military effectiveness, which is at least an equally important problem as costing, were not addressed.

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The effect of artificial age time on crystal size, dislocation density, hardness and micro structure on Al 6061 materials alloy

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2342卷

作者： Budiarto Susilo Ulung Sanjaya 1Mechanical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia 2Electrical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta Jl. Mayjen Sutoyo no.2 Cawang Kramat Jati Jakarta 13630 Indonesia 3Fields of Balmetsenpi Puslabfor Police Headquarters Jakarta Indonesia

Research on the effect of T6 heat treatment and artificial life time on crystal size, density dislocation, hardness, and microstructure of Al 6061 alloy material made from powder metallurgy. The T6 heat treatment starts with a solid solution which is heated at 530 ° C, held for 60 minutes, then quenching into the water media, and the artificial aging process at 200 ° C and variations in the holding time of 1h, 24h, and 30h. Crystal size, dislocation density and lattice microstructure testing using X-ray diffractometer, hardness testing with Vickers scale and surface microstructure with SEM-EDX. Test results of crystal size, dislocation density, and micro lattice strain on 4 phase α-Al at the miller index plane (111), (200), (220), and (311) show that the crystal size increases with the duration of heating time of artificial aging. While dislocation density and micro lattice strain increase over a heating period of 1h to 30h, dislocation density and lattice strain decrease at the Miller index plane (111) to (311). The hardness testing of Al 6061 as-cast material was 54 HV after quenching the water hardness value of 75 HV, but after artificial aging the hardness decreased with a longer holding time from 45.50 HV to 39.95 HV. Microstructure observations with SEM-EDX, showed that the Al 6061 test sample without heat treatment showed a dominant α-Al matrix, whereas in the Al 6061 sample after the T6 process it was seen that the Mg2Si phase functioned to harden the Al 6061 alloy.

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Water absorption and its effect on the tensile properties of tapioca starch/polyvinyl alcohol bioplastics

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2017年第1期223卷

作者： H Judawisastra R D R Sitohang L Marta Mardiyati Materials Science and Engineering Research Groups Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132. Alumni of Materials Science and Engineering Study Program Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia

Tapioca is one of the largest sources of starch and makes it suitable to be used for bioplastic material. Addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been shown to successfully reduce the brittleness of starch bioplastic. This study aims to investigate the influence of PVA addition to water absorption behavior and its effect on the tensile properties of tapioca starch/PVA bioplastics, which are still not yet fully understood until now. The bioplastics were prepared by solution casting method at gelatinization temperature, with PVA addition from 0 to 29 wt%. Examinations were carried out by means of water absorption test, tensile test and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Increasing content of PVA, up to 29 wt%, was found to decrease the water absorption of the bioplastics, with the lowest water saturation point of 251%. This is due to the interaction between starch and PVA which reduces the free OH groups in the resulting bioplastics. Consequently, this led to a decrease in water absorption-related deterioration, i.e. tensile properties degradation of the bioplastics. The addition of 29 wt% resulted into the lowest degradation in tensile strength (6%) and stiffness (30%), while accompanied with the highest elongation increase (39%) after water immersion.

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The investigation of influence ammonia concentration variations to the performance of a pump less ammonia-water absorption refrigeration system with water flooding evaporator

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2062卷

作者： Hendra Wijaksana I. N. S. Winaya Made Sucipta Ainul. Ghurri 1)Doctoral Study Program in Engineering Science Udayana University Kampus Jendral Sudriran Denpasar Bali-Indonesia 2)Mechanical Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Udayana University Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Denpasar Bali-Indonesia

An experimental investigation of the influences ammonia concentration variation to the performances of pump less ammonia-aqua absorption refrigeration system with water flooding evaporator is described. The heat generated in generator and refrigerating effect in evaporator, cooling capacity, coefficients of performance (COP) are investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristic and influences of the ammonia concentration variation to the performance of pump less absorption refrigeration system with water flooding evaporator as a refrigeration load.. In this research, the generator temperature has been setting constant in 80°C using electric heater, the ammonia concentration in 500 ml solution would be varied in 18%, 27%, 37%, 47%, and 59%. It is concluded that heat generated in generator and refrigerating effect in evaporator decrease with increasing ammonia concentration, while the cooling capacity and COP would increase with increasing ammonia concentration. As a result, it is found that increasing the ammonia concentration would effect on increasing of cooling capacity and COP. The highest the ammonia concentration, the highest cooling capacity and COP would be resulted. The highest cooling capacity and COP resulted respectively are 0.7180 kW and 0.829 at 59% ammonia concentration.

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Stress analysis of flying V-like non-conventional aircraft structures using finite element method

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2941卷

作者： Julius I. Permana Annisa Jusuf Bambang K. Hadi Arief Yudhanto Aerospace Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Lightweight Structures Research Group Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Mechanics of Composites for Energy and Mobility Laboratory Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia

The stresses that occurred on the structures of a flying wing aircraft exemplified by the Flying-V structures (inspired by the design of Dr. Justus Benad of TU Delft) were evaluated using the finite element method to ensure a safe cruise condition. Two materials, i.e., aluminum alloy and carbon/epoxy composites, were defined in the analysis of the conceptual sub-structures (frame, longeron-stringer, spar-fuselage, ribs, spar wing, and upper and lower skin). These conceptual sub-structures do not necessarily represent the actual design of the Flying-V, although they may be adopted as the initial step. Structural optimization was performed with two objectives: (i) to minimize the sub-structural thickness of fully aluminum aircraft and (ii) to minimize the sub-structural thickness and laminate stacking sequence of fully composite aircraft. To this end, the stresses and wing-tip deflection were minimized. The analysis showed that carbon/epoxy composite is a feasible material to minimize the wing-tip deflection and weight compared to the aluminum alloy. The minimization of wing-tip deflection and weight was possible using a composite lay-up of quasi-isotropic, either (0/45/-45/90)s or (0/45/90/-45)s. Here, the finite element analysis provides a path to further the structural optimization of the non-conventional flying wing aircraft.

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Characteristic of beef tallow/rice husk charcoal/plaster composite phase change materials

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： I. Made Astika I. Nyoman Suprapta Winaya I. Ketut Gede Wirawan Akhmad Herman Yuwono I. Dewa Gede Ary Subagia 1Doctoral Study Program of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Kampus Sudirman Denpasar Bali 80234 Indonesia. 2Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali 80361 Indonesia 3Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus Baru UI Depok Depok 16424 Indonesia

Composite materials are a combination of several materials to form a new material with specific properties. Chemical compatibility of the constituent materials is a factor that affects the characteristics of composite materials. Currently, composite phase change materials (PCM) are commonly applied as thermal energy storage systems. This study investigated the characteristics of beef tallow/rice husk charcoal/plaster PCM composite. The weight fraction of rice husk charcoal used was 10%. To prevent leakage of beef tallow from the composite structure, the researcher used polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) to cover the tallow/RHC composite before mixing it with plaster material. As much as 30% of the tallow/RHC/PVAc composite weight fraction is integrated into the plaster. PCM composite was made by using a direct incorporation method. The FTIR test results on the PCM composites produced showed good chemical compatibility among different components. The scanning electron microscope results showed the formation of microcapsules where the rice husk charcoal and polyvinyl acetate functions as a wrapper/capsule for beef tallow. This composite is suitable for application in building walls as thermal energy storage.

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Investigation the effect of powder type on the capillary pumping performance and wettability

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2255卷

作者： Luh Putu Ike Midiani I. Nyoman Suprapta Winaya Wayan Nata Septiadi Made Sucipta Nandy Putra 1Study Program of Doctor Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering University of Udayana Denpasar Bali Indonesia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Bali State Polytechnic Badung Bali Indonesia 3Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Udayana Badung Bali Indonesia 4Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424 Indonesia

This study examined the effects of powder types on capillary pumping performance and wettability of wick samples. The raw material used are molecular sieve and copper powder with grain size of 80-100 microns and 177-200 microns respectively. Wick samples were produced by sintering with two shapes of powder grain comprised spherical and irregular shapes. Tests were carried out to determine the microstructure of the sample, capillary pumping amount and wettability. The test results showed that the grain type and grain size of powder could affect the roughness of the samples, of which, consequently, could also influence their wettability and capillary pumping amount. Proposed grain size and shape of the molecular sieve and copper powder are potential to be considered as wick alternatives for heat pipe application.

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The inquiries for efficient decarbonization in the Indonesian upstream oil and gas field

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Iswara, Aditya Prana Chiang Hsieh, Lin-Han Abbas, Shahbaz Dermawan, Denny Kristianto, Sonny Department of Disaster Management Postgraduate School Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Engineering Management College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad Pakistan Waste Treatment Engineering Study Program Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya Jalan Teknik Kimia Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya Indonesia Waste Treatment Engineering Laboratory Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya Jalan Teknik Kimia Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya Indonesia Department of Forensic Science Postgraduate School Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia

The mandatory carbon reduction guidelines and regulations in Indonesia encourage all industrial sectors particularly the petroleum industry to implement decarbonization programs by systematically reducing carbon emissions as part of climate action. Unlike existing carbon emission studies in the petroleum industry, the literature lacks studies on the decarbonization patterns. In addition, the effectiveness of carbon mitigation in the upstream oil and gas field has not been studied so far. This study developed short panel data models to understand the current decarbonization efforts and patterns during 2015–2018. The results indicate that the considered variables are significantly impactful in carbon reduction with different coefficient patterns. It is suggested to associate decarbonization with oil and gas production and highlight energy efficiency optimization to stabilize production. The impact of financial, human, and administrative resources on the supporting facility is critical for executing sustainable carbon mitigation projects. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Carbon reduction Climate action Decarbonization patterns Mitigation strategies Petroleum industry

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A Design for Three Phase Electronic Controller for Electric Motor Cycle Equivalent to 100-125 Cc Engine Power with Regenerative Braking System

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1764卷

作者： Umar Tsani Asep Saepudin Pria Sukamto Informatics Engineering Study Program Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah Cileungsi Jl. Anggrek No. 25 Perum PT. Semen Cibinong Cileungsi Bogor Mechanical Engineering Study Program Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah Cileungsi Jl. Anggrek No. 25 Perum PT. Semen Cibinong Cileungsi Bogor

Technology always have the potential to disruptive the society, especially electronics since this technology follows Moore Laws. Electric vehicle is predicted to change how individuals are going to do their daily commute. Electric motor cycle is an answer to eco-friendly transportation, economical in the operation and will be more affordable in the future for the people. One of the main component for this vehicle is the 3 phase motor controller. Three phase electric motor has an advantage of being light weight, low cost and more compact compare with dc motors with a comparable power. The design is featuring a regenerative braking system which brings back the mechanical energy back to the system on braking time hence a significant advantage to increase energy efficiency, since a major power lost is happening during braking on conventional vehicle. The design on purpose is using 100-125 cc equivalent of gasoline engine since this engine has the most market in Indonesia. Which is about 10 to 15 KW 3 phase AC motor.

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Comparison of tensile strength of continues-core method and 4 strand modifies method of after healing of repaired Kessler rabbit's Achilles tendon injury

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期622卷

作者： P S Caksana IKS Kawiyana I W S Dusak T G T Nindhia Resident of Studies Program of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Medical Faculty of Udayana University Denpasar Indonesia Study Program of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Medical Faculty of Udayana University Denpasar Indonesia Departmen of Mechanical Engineering Engineering faculty Udayana University Jimbaran Bali Indonesia

Tendon injury causes significant morbidity during the productive age, and the number is increase in recent decades. Tensile strength is the most important factor in tendon function of style, and the results of repair should be able to withstand large current style of early mobilization. This research was an experimental research design with the post-test only control group design with the subject of the rabbit. A total of 18 research subjects who meet the requirements of the study inclusion were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. Control group was a group of rabbits that were repaired with 4 strand modified Kessler technique after Achilles tendon cut sharply. While the treatment group were a group of rabbits that were repaired with continuous-cores technique. The ratio of collagen I/III in rabbit Achilles tendon repair with the technique of continuous-cores are smaller compared to the control group with value of P <0.05. Also Showed statistical analysis tensile strength of rabbit Achilles tendon repair with the technique of continuous-core is greater than the control group at P <0.05.

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