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mechanical stress in high‐voltage switchgear with flexible single conductors under short‐circuit current load

European Transactions on Electrical Power 1991年第1期1卷 31-35页

作者： Böhme, H. Golletz, F. Fiebiger, C. Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Helmut Bohme (53) VDE is full professor in the field of high-voltage apparatus at the Dres-den University of Technology (DUT) and Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering. He received his doctor-degree in electrical engineering from the DUT in 1966 and 1974.He is member of CIGRE-study committee SC 23 (substations). (Technische Universität Dresden. FakultätElektrotechnik Mommsenstr. 13 0-8027 DresdenT+37 51/4633058) Dr.-Ing. Frank Golletz (30). VDE was scientific assistent at the Electrical Engineering Department of the Dresden University of Technology. He received his doctor degree from this university in 1990. Now he works on the transmission of the electrical energy and the diagnostic of high-voltage equipments in the "Institut fur Energieversorgung" of the "Verbundnetz-AG" (VENAG) at Dresden. (Ver-bundnetz-AG Hauptabteilung Technik Institut für Energieversorgung Zeunerstr. 83a 0-8027 Dresden. T + 37 5 I /4650329) Dipl.-Ing. Christian Fiebiger (26) VDE received the diploma degree in electrical engineering from the Dres-den University of Technology (DUT)in 1990. A part of his diploma work("Stress under Short Single Flexible Conductors by Short-circuit Current Load") contains this publication. He is assistant at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the DUT and is dealing with "Mechanical-dynamical Stress of High-Voltage Devices under Short-circuit Current Load".(Technische Universität Dresden Fakultät ElektrotechnikMommsenstr. 13O-8027 Dresden T + 37 51/4 633058)

High‐voltage switchgear with flexible conductors can be exposed to high mecanical loads during short‐circuits. These loads are caused by the reaction of the flexible conductors to the electromagnetic force. Using the 110 kV supports as a part of a disconnector, the stress in the high voltage switchgear as shown does not respond quasi‐statically to the dynamic force in the flexible conductors which means, that the mechanical‐dynamic properties of the device determine the critical stress. Moreover, simple models well‐known in the system theory are used to describe the mechanical‐dynamic properties. Copyright © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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FLAMMABILITY AND TOXICITY OF COMPOSITE-MATERIALS FOR MARINE VEHICLES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 45-54页

作者： SEVART, JL GRIFFIN, OH GURDAL, Z WARNER, GA Jeffrey L. Sevart:is a native of Kansas and a 1985 graduate of Kansas State University with a B.S. in mechanical engineering (magna cum laude). After working as a stress analysis engineer at Boeing Military Airplane Company in Wichita Kans. he attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and received an M.S. in engineering mechanics in February 1988. He currently resides in Akron Ohio working as a research engineer in tire composites research at The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. O. Hayden Griffin Jr.:received his B.S. and M.S. in mechanical engineering from Texas Tech University in 1970 and 1971 respectively. He received his Ph.D. in engineering mechanics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1980. Prior to joining the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University as associate professor of engineering science and mechanics in September 1985 he was employed at the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center (Dahlgren Virginia) BF Goodrich Tire Group (Akron Ohio) the Bendix Advanced Technology Center (Columbia Maryland) and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (Laurel Maryland). He is currently an associate director of the Virginia Institute for Material Systems. He is a registered professional engineer in Virginia and is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Society for Composites. Zafer Gürdal:received his M.S. in mechanical and aerospace engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1981 and his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985. He worked as a research associate in the Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Department at Virginia Tech before joining the Engineering Science and Mechanics Department as an assistant professor in September 1985. Professor Gürdal's research interests include: composite structures failure mechanics of composites structural optimization and damage tolerant design. He is a member of the American Institute

Characteristics of both thermoplastic and thermoset composite materials as they pertain to marine vehicle applications are discussed. Comparison of various material selection factors such as strength, damage and moisture resistance, and flammability and toxicity as well as cost and availability of thermoset and thermoplastic composite materials are presented. Methods for testing and reducing the flammability and toxicity are discussed. Many commercially available composite systems are reported to provide favorable characteristics for marine applications. Although there seems to be a need for improved production technology for thermoplastics, they present potential advantages in physical properties over thermoset composites.

关键词： Composite Materials

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Corrigendum:‘‘Reconnection of two vortex rings’’ [Phys. Fluids A 1, 630 (1989)]

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Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics 1990年第4期2卷 638-638页

作者： S. Kida M. Takaoka F. Hussain Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 Department of Physics Faculty of Science Kyoto University Kyoto 606 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas 77004

S. Kida, M. Takaoka, F. Hussain; Corrigendum:‘‘Reconnection of two vortex rings’’ [Phys. Fluids A 1, 630 (1989)]Comments, Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics, V

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SUBMERSIBLE OUTBOARD ELECTRIC MOTOR PROPULSOR

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第5期101卷 44-52页

作者： BROWN, DW REPP, JR TAYLOR, OS D. W. Brown is an engineer at the Westinghouse Research and Development Center. He received a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Michigan Technological University and an M.S. in mechanical engineering from Michigan State University. Mr. Brown joined Westinghouse in 1986 and has since worked on such projects as the testing and analysis of current collection apparatus the design of shaft and bearing arrangements for high speed electrical motors and the design of a submersible electric motor. He also has experience in the use and analysis of fiber-reinforced composites at room temperature and at cryogenic temperatures. This knowledge of composites was applied to a study involving a fibrous composite robot arm. Mr. Brown is working on the rotor design of a cryogenically cooled AF generator and also the design of the vertical motor test facility for the Motor Silencing Program. Jeffrey R. Repp is a senior engineer with Westinghouse Research and Development Center. He received a B.S. in electrical engineering from Pennsylvania State University an M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Cincinnati and an M.B.A. in management/industrial management from Xavier University. Mr. Repp has 13 years of experience in the field of electrical engineering specializing in the design and analysis of electromagnetic devices. This experience includes the development design testing and analysis of a wide variety of electric motors ranging from fractional horsepower permanent magnet motors through large (10000 hp) synchronous and induction motors. Mr. Repp has been directly involved in the electromagnetic and thermal analyses of machines utilizing state-of-the-art finite element and computer graphic techniques. Most recently he has been concerned with the development of electronically commutated permanent magnet (brushless dc) products. Mr. Repp is a Member Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Power Engineering Society. O. S. Taylor is manager of electromechanical applications at the Westin

Mr. Taylor has more than 18 years of experience in the field of research and development engineering. Since joining Westinghouse in 1974 he has been involved in the design and development of advanced electrical machinery including large, high power density motors for electric drive ship propulsion, pulsed homopolar generators for electromagnetic launchers, high current density contacts for switching applications, research in automated manufacturing, and robotic system development. He is currently managing a section that deals with rotating power equipment for military applications, with emphasis on thermal and electromagnetic modeling. ABSTRACT A demonstration submersible outboard electric motor/ propulsor has been designed, built, and successfully tested. This concept involves mounting a propeller directly inside a rotor of a specially designed induction motor. This motor/ propulsor has the advantages of direct seawater cooling and bearing lubrication, direct drive, shrouded propeller, variable positioning, easy access, and high maneuverability. The motor/propulsor is readily adaptable to dual, independently-controlled and contra-rotating propellers without the need for gears. The concept has been investigated conceptually for application to primary propulsion, secondary propulsion, and pod drives, for amphibious, surface, and undersea vehicles.

关键词： Ship Propulsion

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U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY'S NEW YARD PATROL CRAFT: FROM CONCEPT TO DELIVERY.

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Naval Engineers Journal 1987年第1期99卷 37-58页

作者： Compton, Roger H. Chatterton, Howard A. Hatchell, Gordon McGrath, Frank K. Roger H:. Compton is a Webb graduate who since 1966 has been a part of the naval architecture faculty at the U.S. Naval Academy. Since accepting the appointment to the Academy he has been instrumental in establishing the ABET accredited major program in naval architecture in the conceptual design and operation of the Naval Academy Hydromechanics Laboratory and in the conceptual design of the 108-ft yard patrol craft. Besides his Naval Academy involvement he serves as an adjunct professor with Virginia Polytechnic Institute in its NAVSEA Institute graduate program at Crystal City. He is an active member of both ASNE and SNAME and has published technical papers with both societies. Howard A. Chatterton:began his career as a Navy coop student at the Boston Naval Shipyard in 1960. He received his bachelor's degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966 and his master's degree in 1968. He was employed by the Preliminary Design Division of BuShips in the submarine design and hydrofoil design groups until 1972 when he joined the Coast Guard's Naval Engineering Division. He remained with the Design Branch until 1981 when he accepted a faculty position at the U.S. Naval Academy as the research director for the Academy's hydromechanics laboratory. He has recently returned to Coast Guard Headquarters as the assistant chief Naval Architecture Branch Office of Merchant Marine Safety. Gordon Hatchell:is a naval architect at the Naval Sea Combat Systems Engineering Station Norfolk Virginia in the Combatant Craft Engineering Department. He served as lead-ship YP project engineer from its inception to delivery and continues to serve as project coordinator on follow-up ship procurements. He has worked on other boat procurements as well as serving as weight and stability coordinator. Mr. Hatchell began his engineering career in the Design Division at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth Virginia after receiving a BS in civil engineering from Virginia Polytec

The design of the new 108-ft yard patrol craft (YPs) for the U. S. Naval Academy is described from its beginnings as a senior midshipman design project, through its preliminary and contract design development at the U. S. Navy's small craft design team headquarters, Naval Sea Combat Systems engineering Station, Norfolk, Virginia (NAVSEACOMBAT-SYSENGSTA-Norfolk). During preliminary and contract design the Naval Academy Hydromechanics Laboratory (NAHL) provided experimental data to support NAVSEA-COMBATSYSENGSTA-Norfolk's design analyses in powering, seakeeping, and maneuvering. Several tradeoff studies of interest to patrol craft designers are presented. Major events in the detail design and construction of the first boat are described from both the designer's and the shipbuilder's points of view. The launching, builder's and sea trials of the first boat are described.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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WARSHIPS AND COST CONSTRAINTS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第2期98卷 41-52页

作者： HOPE, JP STORTZ, VE Jan Paul Hope a native of Northern Virginia received his bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Virginia in 1969. Upon graduation he began his career in the Department of the Navy with the Naval Ship Systems Command in the acquisition of patrol craft mine sweepers and submarine rescue ships. In January 1971 he transferred to the ship arrangements branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He was selected for the long-term training program at George Washington University in 1974 and completed the program in February 1976 with the degree of master of engineering administration. While at the Naval Ship Engineering Center Mr. Hope was general arrangement task leader on the AO-177 CG-47 CSGN CSGN (VSTOL) CGN-9 (Aegis) and CGN-42 and he also assisted in the landmark Naval Sea Systems Command civilian professional community study. In 1978 he was selected as acting head of the damage control section and subsequently was selected as acting head of the surface ship hydrodynamic section. In February 1980 he was promoted to head of the surface combatant arrangements design section. Mr. Hope was selected for the first class of the NA VSEA commander's development program. While on the program he served in the DDGX combat systems engineering division and the DDGX project office of NA VSEA was the assistant director for ship design in the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for shipbuilding and logistics and was the director of weight engineering and the director of systems engineering for the DDG-51 project in NA VSEA. Upon completion of the program Mr. Hope was assigned as the deputy director of the boiler engineering division to create a new division as a major fleet support initiative by NA VSEA. In June 1985 he joined the staff of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for shipbuilding and logistics. Mr. Hope was presented the Department of the Navy meritorious civilian service medal in June 1983 for his service with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the

This paper discusses the need and processes for designing warships to meet cost constraints and for managing warship acquisition programs during the design phase to assure effective adherence to production cost constraints by the design team. The resource control methodology used during the contract design of the Arleigh Burke class destroyer, DDG-51, is examined as a potential model for controlling the cost while maintaining the combat effectiveness of warships. The paper begins with a summary of the basic issue — the relationship among unit cost, unit capability, force level numbers, and force capability — showing recent trends in destroyer costs and force levels. This introduction also includes a discussion of the cost constraint for the DDG-51 in relation to historical trends and ship construction funding allocation. The resource control methodology used to reduce and control costs of the DDG-51 is discussed with a summary of the approach, key concepts and tools, chronology of key events, examples, and results achieved. A number of observations on this methodology are then made which are followed by comments on life cycle costs. The paper concludes with remarks on the future application of the resource control methodology and areas for further work to improve future resource control efforts.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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Full-scale, ort-road study of the effect of automobile shape on its aerodynamic characteristics, and comparison with small-scale wind tunnel results

Full-scale, ort-road study of the effect of automobile shape...

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International Congress and Exposition

作者： Fanger-Vexler, Shimon Katz, Joseph Foux, Ammon Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Automotive Program Technion I.I.T. Haifa Israel Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Technion I.I.T. Haifa Israel

The design of passenger vehicles for improved aerodynamic characteristics will result in reduced fuel consumption and better road handling during high-speed driving. In this research, techniques were developed to measure the aerodynamic drag and lift forces acting on a full-scale vehicle under road conditions and then were compared with results obtained on reduced-scale models in a wind tunnel. A number of configurations which characterize common vehicle forms were investigated for their effect on aerodynamic efficiency and fuel consumption, Experimental speeds were between 70 and 110 km/h, these being representative of highway driving conditions. A typical passenger vehicle of the three-box type was selected for the experiments, and its exterior form was altered by means of attaching various configurations to its front, rear, and underbody portions. These additions transformed the original vehicle into a "fast-back" and "station wagon," and were used in combination with underbody alterations, such as front spoiler, side skirts, and smooth underbody. During road experiments, drag force was measured by means of a telemetric system receiving data on drive-shaft strains, whereas lift forces were measured by relative vertical displacements in the front and rear suspensions. Statistical analyses showed that the different configurations had a significant effect on the aerodynamic forces. The change in configurations brought about a maximum reduction in drag coefficient (CD) of 51%, relative to the original vehicle. As a result, fuel consumption was reduced by 13% (at 110 km/h). Lift forces dropped by as much as 47%. The most effective components were a smooth underbody and a "fast-back" form for drag, and a smooth underbody and front spoiler for low lift. Results of the road experiments showed a reasonable correlation with those obtained using reduced-scale models in a wind tunnel. © 1985 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.

关键词： Wind tunnels

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Repair of TMI-1 OTSG tube failures. Use of a kinetic tube-expansion process to resesal tubes within the upper tube sheet provides a cost-effective and relatively low-expousure repair process

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Process Safety Progress 1983年第3期2卷 173-175页

作者： David G. Slear Robert L. Long James D. Jones F. S. Giacobbe GPU Nuclear Parsippany N.J. 07054 In 1974 David Slear joined General Public Utilities Nuclear Corp. where his responsibilities included the design review of components for new nuclear power plants and troubleshooting component failures both in nuclear power and fossil plants in the GPU System. In 1978 he was promoted to Preliminary Engineering Manager and was responsible for coordinating the preparation of design criteria for several coal-fired plants and combustion turbines to be installed throughout the 1980s. Immediately following the TMI-2 accident he was placed in charge of coordinating the establishment of criteria and the design for numerous modifications that were perceived to be required in order to maintain core cooling and a stable safe shutdown condition for the TMI-2 reactor. Subsequently he was promoted to Manager of TMI Engineering Projects which involved establishing the criteria and coordinating the engineering for the numerous modifications required to TMI-1 as a result of the Lessons Learned from the accident at TMI-2. He holds a B.S. Degree in Mechanical Engineering and an M.S. Degree in Mechanical Engineering. Since April 1982 Robert L. Long has been Vice President and Director of the Nuclear Assurance Division of the GPU Nuclear Corp. This includes responsibilities for the Quality Assurance Department the Nuclear Safety Assessment Department the Training & Education Directorate and the Emergency Preparedness Department. Joining GPU in 1978 he has been actively involved with Three Mile Island recovery and restart activities since the spring of 1979. From February 1980 through March 1982 he served as Director–Training & Education for GPU Nuclear. He holds the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Bucknell University and the M.S.E. and Ph.D. degrees in Nuclear Engineering from Purdue University. He has written numerous publications and has presented lectures on “energy and the environment” issues all over the United States and in Southeast Asia. Since joining GPU Nuclear Corpo

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AN OVERVIEW OF THE ROLE OF THE NAVSEA HUMAN-FACTORS engineering program IN SHIP DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第4期95卷 139-152页

作者： STEIN, NI BENEL, RA MALONE, TB Mr. Norman I. Stein:received his degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Iowa in 1943. MK Stein began his career with the Bureau of Ships Department of the Navy. After his military service with the Army of Occupation in Japan he has held positions with the Corps of Engineering Atomic Energy Commission Walter Reed Army General Hospital and the Protective Structures Development Center Department of the Army. He returned to the Naval Sea Systems Command in 1967 and is currently with the Manning and Controls Integration Branch SEA 55 W16. Mr. Stein is a registered professional engineer in New York state and also is a certified fallout shelter analyst with the Department of the Army. He has authored a comprehensive study on air distribution studies in multi-room shelters presentedpapers on human factors engineering to the Association of Scientists and Engineers and recently contributed a chapter on human factors engineering which will be incorporated in the proposed Naval Sea Systems Handbook on Surface Ship Design. Russell A. Benel:received his Ph. D. in engineering psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is currently a Senior Research Scientist with Essex Corporation where he is the manager of the Man-Machine Systems Department. He has been responsible f o r scientific studies associated with the Human Factors Engineering f o r ships program under contract to the Naval Sea Systems Command specifically the development application and validation of human factors engineering technology f o r surface ship systems such as aircraft launch and recovery propulsion engineering combat direction weapons and total ship systems. He is currently providing Human Factors Engineering Support on the DDG-51. His other activities include a variety of research development test and evaluation activities for military systems. He had been with the Crew Performance Branch of the Crew Technology Division at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine as a National Research Council Postd

This paper provides a context within which the role of human factors engineering (HFE) for Naval ship design may be understood. HFE is defined and its history as part of engineering design teams is traced. The role of HFE in ship systems design is defined, and the HFE Technology for Ships program, managed by SEA 061R, is described. The rationale for inclusion of HFE in the design process is presented, the methodology whereby it is incorporated into the design process is detailed, methodology to assess the application of HFE is outlined, and the benefits that will accrue as a result of inclusion of HFE considerations in the design process are documented. The counterpoint to inclusion is illustrated through instances of design-induced human errors. A specific application of HFE in the acquisition process is illustrated through use of the Landing Craft, Air Cushion HFE program plan. The difficulties which may be encountered as the size of the target system expands are described. Potential roadblocks to the required incorporation of HFE are examined for their source and possible ameliorative steps.

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THE PROCESS OF NAVAL SHIP GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第4期93卷 29-37页

作者： HOPE, JP A native of Northern Virginia received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Virginia in 1969. Upon graduation he began his career with the Department of the Navy in the acquisition of patrol craft and submarine rescue ships at NA VSHIPS. In January 1971 he transferred to the Ship Arrangements Branch of NAVSEC. He was selected for the long-term training program at George Washington University in 1974 and completed the program in February 1976 with the degree of Master of Engineering Administration. While at NAVSEC Mr. Hope has been General Arrangement Task Leader on the AO 177 DDG 47 CSGN CSGN (VSTOL) CGN 9 (AEGIS) CGN 42 and assisted in the land- mark NA VSEA Civilian Professional Community Study. In 1978 he was selected as acting head of the Damage Control Section. From that position he was selected as acting head of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamic Section. In February 1980 he was promoted to head of the Surface Combatant Arrangements Design Section. In addition to numerous outstanding performance awards Mr. Hope was nominated for the Commander Naval Ship Engineering Center Professional Development A ward in both 1978 and 1979. In 1979 Mr. Hope was presented the National Capital Award for Professional Achievement (under age 36) by the District of Columbia Council of Engineering and Architectural Societies. Mr. Hope has presented numerous professional papers at ASNE and ASE Technical Symposia. Three of these papers have been published in the ASNE Naval Engineers Journal and his papers Management of Research and Engineering: Selected Topics won the JOHN C. NIEDERMAIR Award for the best paper presented at the 13th ASE Symposium. His memberships in professional societies include ASNE ASE SNAME ASME and U.S. Naval Institute. He has served as an elected officer in ASE since 1978.

This paper describes naval ship general arrangement design and analysis, a system engineering process that seeks the optimization of the ship as a total system. Through this system engineering process, the ship is geometrically defined by allocating scarce resources of area/volume and functional location. The general arrangement design team synthesizes a design from subsystem requirements, system constraints, and policy-maker influences through iteration and negotiation into the optimum general arrangement. The use of volumetric and area ratios and indices in this process are highlighted. The paper concludes with a discussion of a new methodology now under development for analyzing and comparing general arrangement alternatives. This new general arrangement evaluation methodology links operational performance objectives to ship design philosophy and subsystem effectiveness.

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