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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第2期98卷 41-52页

作者： HOPE, JP STORTZ, VE Jan Paul Hope a native of Northern Virginia received his bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Virginia in 1969. Upon graduation he began his career in the Department of the Navy with the Naval Ship Systems Command in the acquisition of patrol craft mine sweepers and submarine rescue ships. In January 1971 he transferred to the ship arrangements branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He was selected for the long-term training program at George Washington University in 1974 and completed the program in February 1976 with the degree of master of engineering administration. While at the Naval Ship Engineering Center Mr. Hope was general arrangement task leader on the AO-177 CG-47 CSGN CSGN (VSTOL) CGN-9 (Aegis) and CGN-42 and he also assisted in the landmark Naval Sea Systems Command civilian professional community study. In 1978 he was selected as acting head of the damage control section and subsequently was selected as acting head of the surface ship hydrodynamic section. In February 1980 he was promoted to head of the surface combatant arrangements design section. Mr. Hope was selected for the first class of the NA VSEA commander's development program. While on the program he served in the DDGX combat systems engineering division and the DDGX project office of NA VSEA was the assistant director for ship design in the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for shipbuilding and logistics and was the director of weight engineering and the director of systems engineering for the DDG-51 project in NA VSEA. Upon completion of the program Mr. Hope was assigned as the deputy director of the boiler engineering division to create a new division as a major fleet support initiative by NA VSEA. In June 1985 he joined the staff of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for shipbuilding and logistics. Mr. Hope was presented the Department of the Navy meritorious civilian service medal in June 1983 for his service with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the

This paper discusses the need and processes for designing warships to meet cost constraints and for managing warship acquisition programs during the design phase to assure effective adherence to production cost constraints by the design team. The resource control methodology used during the contract design of the Arleigh Burke class destroyer, DDG-51, is examined as a potential model for controlling the cost while maintaining the combat effectiveness of warships. The paper begins with a summary of the basic issue — the relationship among unit cost, unit capability, force level numbers, and force capability — showing recent trends in destroyer costs and force levels. This introduction also includes a discussion of the cost constraint for the DDG-51 in relation to historical trends and ship construction funding allocation. The resource control methodology used to reduce and control costs of the DDG-51 is discussed with a summary of the approach, key concepts and tools, chronology of key events, examples, and results achieved. A number of observations on this methodology are then made which are followed by comments on life cycle costs. The paper concludes with remarks on the future application of the resource control methodology and areas for further work to improve future resource control efforts.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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Full-scale, ort-road study of the effect of automobile shape on its aerodynamic characteristics, and comparison with small-scale wind tunnel results

Full-scale, ort-road study of the effect of automobile shape...

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International Congress and Exposition

作者： Fanger-Vexler, Shimon Katz, Joseph Foux, Ammon Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Automotive Program Technion I.I.T. Haifa Israel Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Technion I.I.T. Haifa Israel

The design of passenger vehicles for improved aerodynamic characteristics will result in reduced fuel consumption and better road handling during high-speed driving. In this research, techniques were developed to measure the aerodynamic drag and lift forces acting on a full-scale vehicle under road conditions and then were compared with results obtained on reduced-scale models in a wind tunnel. A number of configurations which characterize common vehicle forms were investigated for their effect on aerodynamic efficiency and fuel consumption, Experimental speeds were between 70 and 110 km/h, these being representative of highway driving conditions. A typical passenger vehicle of the three-box type was selected for the experiments, and its exterior form was altered by means of attaching various configurations to its front, rear, and underbody portions. These additions transformed the original vehicle into a "fast-back" and "station wagon," and were used in combination with underbody alterations, such as front spoiler, side skirts, and smooth underbody. During road experiments, drag force was measured by means of a telemetric system receiving data on drive-shaft strains, whereas lift forces were measured by relative vertical displacements in the front and rear suspensions. Statistical analyses showed that the different configurations had a significant effect on the aerodynamic forces. The change in configurations brought about a maximum reduction in drag coefficient (CD) of 51%, relative to the original vehicle. As a result, fuel consumption was reduced by 13% (at 110 km/h). Lift forces dropped by as much as 47%. The most effective components were a smooth underbody and a "fast-back" form for drag, and a smooth underbody and front spoiler for low lift. Results of the road experiments showed a reasonable correlation with those obtained using reduced-scale models in a wind tunnel. © 1985 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.

关键词： Wind tunnels

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Repair of TMI-1 OTSG tube failures. Use of a kinetic tube-expansion process to resesal tubes within the upper tube sheet provides a cost-effective and relatively low-expousure repair process

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Process Safety Progress 1983年第3期2卷 173-175页

作者： David G. Slear Robert L. Long James D. Jones F. S. Giacobbe GPU Nuclear Parsippany N.J. 07054 In 1974 David Slear joined General Public Utilities Nuclear Corp. where his responsibilities included the design review of components for new nuclear power plants and troubleshooting component failures both in nuclear power and fossil plants in the GPU System. In 1978 he was promoted to Preliminary Engineering Manager and was responsible for coordinating the preparation of design criteria for several coal-fired plants and combustion turbines to be installed throughout the 1980s. Immediately following the TMI-2 accident he was placed in charge of coordinating the establishment of criteria and the design for numerous modifications that were perceived to be required in order to maintain core cooling and a stable safe shutdown condition for the TMI-2 reactor. Subsequently he was promoted to Manager of TMI Engineering Projects which involved establishing the criteria and coordinating the engineering for the numerous modifications required to TMI-1 as a result of the Lessons Learned from the accident at TMI-2. He holds a B.S. Degree in Mechanical Engineering and an M.S. Degree in Mechanical Engineering. Since April 1982 Robert L. Long has been Vice President and Director of the Nuclear Assurance Division of the GPU Nuclear Corp. This includes responsibilities for the Quality Assurance Department the Nuclear Safety Assessment Department the Training & Education Directorate and the Emergency Preparedness Department. Joining GPU in 1978 he has been actively involved with Three Mile Island recovery and restart activities since the spring of 1979. From February 1980 through March 1982 he served as Director–Training & Education for GPU Nuclear. He holds the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Bucknell University and the M.S.E. and Ph.D. degrees in Nuclear Engineering from Purdue University. He has written numerous publications and has presented lectures on “energy and the environment” issues all over the United States and in Southeast Asia. Since joining GPU Nuclear Corpo

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AN OVERVIEW OF THE ROLE OF THE NAVSEA HUMAN-FACTORS engineering program IN SHIP DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第4期95卷 139-152页

作者： STEIN, NI BENEL, RA MALONE, TB Mr. Norman I. Stein:received his degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Iowa in 1943. MK Stein began his career with the Bureau of Ships Department of the Navy. After his military service with the Army of Occupation in Japan he has held positions with the Corps of Engineering Atomic Energy Commission Walter Reed Army General Hospital and the Protective Structures Development Center Department of the Army. He returned to the Naval Sea Systems Command in 1967 and is currently with the Manning and Controls Integration Branch SEA 55 W16. Mr. Stein is a registered professional engineer in New York state and also is a certified fallout shelter analyst with the Department of the Army. He has authored a comprehensive study on air distribution studies in multi-room shelters presentedpapers on human factors engineering to the Association of Scientists and Engineers and recently contributed a chapter on human factors engineering which will be incorporated in the proposed Naval Sea Systems Handbook on Surface Ship Design. Russell A. Benel:received his Ph. D. in engineering psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is currently a Senior Research Scientist with Essex Corporation where he is the manager of the Man-Machine Systems Department. He has been responsible f o r scientific studies associated with the Human Factors Engineering f o r ships program under contract to the Naval Sea Systems Command specifically the development application and validation of human factors engineering technology f o r surface ship systems such as aircraft launch and recovery propulsion engineering combat direction weapons and total ship systems. He is currently providing Human Factors Engineering Support on the DDG-51. His other activities include a variety of research development test and evaluation activities for military systems. He had been with the Crew Performance Branch of the Crew Technology Division at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine as a National Research Council Postd

This paper provides a context within which the role of human factors engineering (HFE) for Naval ship design may be understood. HFE is defined and its history as part of engineering design teams is traced. The role of HFE in ship systems design is defined, and the HFE Technology for Ships program, managed by SEA 061R, is described. The rationale for inclusion of HFE in the design process is presented, the methodology whereby it is incorporated into the design process is detailed, methodology to assess the application of HFE is outlined, and the benefits that will accrue as a result of inclusion of HFE considerations in the design process are documented. The counterpoint to inclusion is illustrated through instances of design-induced human errors. A specific application of HFE in the acquisition process is illustrated through use of the Landing Craft, Air Cushion HFE program plan. The difficulties which may be encountered as the size of the target system expands are described. Potential roadblocks to the required incorporation of HFE are examined for their source and possible ameliorative steps.

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THE PROCESS OF NAVAL SHIP GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第4期93卷 29-37页

作者： HOPE, JP A native of Northern Virginia received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Virginia in 1969. Upon graduation he began his career with the Department of the Navy in the acquisition of patrol craft and submarine rescue ships at NA VSHIPS. In January 1971 he transferred to the Ship Arrangements Branch of NAVSEC. He was selected for the long-term training program at George Washington University in 1974 and completed the program in February 1976 with the degree of Master of Engineering Administration. While at NAVSEC Mr. Hope has been General Arrangement Task Leader on the AO 177 DDG 47 CSGN CSGN (VSTOL) CGN 9 (AEGIS) CGN 42 and assisted in the land- mark NA VSEA Civilian Professional Community Study. In 1978 he was selected as acting head of the Damage Control Section. From that position he was selected as acting head of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamic Section. In February 1980 he was promoted to head of the Surface Combatant Arrangements Design Section. In addition to numerous outstanding performance awards Mr. Hope was nominated for the Commander Naval Ship Engineering Center Professional Development A ward in both 1978 and 1979. In 1979 Mr. Hope was presented the National Capital Award for Professional Achievement (under age 36) by the District of Columbia Council of Engineering and Architectural Societies. Mr. Hope has presented numerous professional papers at ASNE and ASE Technical Symposia. Three of these papers have been published in the ASNE Naval Engineers Journal and his papers Management of Research and Engineering: Selected Topics won the JOHN C. NIEDERMAIR Award for the best paper presented at the 13th ASE Symposium. His memberships in professional societies include ASNE ASE SNAME ASME and U.S. Naval Institute. He has served as an elected officer in ASE since 1978.

This paper describes naval ship general arrangement design and analysis, a system engineering process that seeks the optimization of the ship as a total system. Through this system engineering process, the ship is geometrically defined by allocating scarce resources of area/volume and functional location. The general arrangement design team synthesizes a design from subsystem requirements, system constraints, and policy-maker influences through iteration and negotiation into the optimum general arrangement. The use of volumetric and area ratios and indices in this process are highlighted. The paper concludes with a discussion of a new methodology now under development for analyzing and comparing general arrangement alternatives. This new general arrangement evaluation methodology links operational performance objectives to ship design philosophy and subsystem effectiveness.

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A SUBMARINE CONTROL-SYSTEM TEST VEHICLE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 148-155页

作者： SEJD, JJ WATKINSON, KW HILL, WF Mr. James J. Sejd received his B.S. degree in Civil Engineering from Case Western Reserve University and has since undergone considerable graduate study at both The George Washington and American Universities. He served almost four years in the U.S. Navy as a Naval Aviator and enjoys the unique distinction of being qualified in both Heavier- and Lighter-than-Air aircraft. Early in his career he was employed at the Navy's Bureau of Ships in the capacity of a Structural Designer and Structural Research Monitor. In 1966 he joined the Staff of the Center for Naval Analyses where he was involved in the mathematical modeling of ships and aircraft and in economic “trade-off‘ analysis. In 1970. he went to the Naval Ship Engineering Center as an Operations Research Analyst in the Ship Design and Development Division. At the present time he is employed as a Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command Ship Design Research and Development Office. A member of ASNE since 1973 he also is a member of the Association of Scientists and Engineers at NAVSEA the Operations Research Society of America and the Lighter-Than-Air Society. Mr. Kenneth W. Watkinson received both is B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering Science from Florida State University in 1970 and 1971 respectively. Since graduation he has been employed at the Naval Coastal Systems Center (NCSC). Panama City. Fla. where he is primarily involved in the investigation of the stability and control of underwater vehicles. For the past four years he has been the Task Leader and Principal Investigator for the NCSC portion of the Advanced Submarine Control Program involved in developing control design methods and the instrumentation system for the Submarine Control System Test Vehicle. Mr. William F. Hill is currently the ASCOP Program Manager at Lockheed Missiles & Space Company (LMSC) Inc. where he has the overall responsibility for design and construction of the Control System Test Vehicle (CSTV). He entered the aircraft industry in England as an Apprentice w

As part of the Advanced Submarine Control program (ASCOP), the Naval Sea Systems Command has developed an open water Submarine Control System Test Vehicle (CSTV). This vehicle is a 1/12 scale model of an SSN 688 Class Submarine, with provisions for easy geometric changes. Such changes include alternate Sail size and location, the addition of parallel middle-bodies, alternative tail sections, and alternative control configurations. A self-contained instrumentation and control system provides the capability for “on-board” recording of all relevant Submarine-state variables, over the entire speed and depth range, to a degree of data accuracy exceeding any known system. With the means thus available to correlate measured vehicle hydrodynamics with selected maneuvers, conditions, and changes in hull geometry and control surface configuration, modern mathematical techniques for improving submarine equations of motion can be employed to permit dramatic design enhancements in both safety and performance. This paper provides the rationale and history of the development of this vehicle, a description of the instrumentation and control package, and a description of the vehicle itself.

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THE “TRADE—OFF” BETWEEN LEARNING AND INFLATION IN SHIPBUILDING

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Naval Engineers Journal 1978年第4期90卷 23-40页

作者： FRISCH, FRANZ A.P. TODD, CHARLES Dr. Franz A.P. Frischgraduated from the Technical University of Vienna in Austria. He has thirty years' experience in shipbuilding and related subjects. He has worked as a Naval Architect Guarantee Engineer Chief Estimator Production Manager and Director for Shipyard Planning and Maintenance in Austria Denmark Sweden and Germany. In 1956 he was first invited to the United States to testify on foreign cost and production in subsidy cases before the Maritime Administration. From 1957 through 1962 he was associated with several U.S. Naval Architect firms: was Owner's Representative in Europe and Japan conducted studies on transport economy for Venezuela ICC and shipowners and was a consultant for shipyard planning in Brazil and Europe. In 1963 he joined the Staff of the Center for Naval Analysis (CNA) and became Head of the Logistic Section and Study Director. There he originated the FDL ship and ship concept and was assigned as advisor to the Project Manager. From 1968 through 1974 Dr. Frisch was a Faculty member and visiting lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology he lectured on Shipyard Management Ocean Transportation Systems Theory in Transportation and in Interdisciplinary Seminars. In 1972 and 1973 he was consultant to Dubai Drydock. Ltd. for layout of a new shipyard in the Arabian Gulf but since 1973 he has been with the Naval Sea Systems Command mostly involved in special projects. Dr. Frisch is also Adj. Professor for Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University (VPI) where he teaches graduate courses in Advanced Engineering Economy and Management Concepts. Mr. Charles Toddis a graduate of Howard University School of Engineering Washington D.C where he has also pursued his graduate work. He has fifteen years' experience in New Construction Shipbuilding Acquisition Programs concentrating in the areas of Major Ship Class Project Engineering and Program Management. He worked in this capacity on the LSD 36 and 37 Class ships and in the Special Craft Section of the Combatant Craft

Learning leads to a decrease in program cost and inflation leads to an increase in program cost. At a certain time, the benefits of leaming and the penalty due to inflation will balance each other. This time is defined as the “critical time.” The “critical tune” depends upon the number of ships to be built because this determines the possible gain in learning. The “Critical time” also depends upon the assumed inflation, upon the achievable learning rate, and upon the material/labor ratio of the first ship. Learning expectation can be influenced by planning and the material/labor ration by a make– or buydecision. Assumptions on future learning are as vague as assumptions on inflation. The paper shows that it is almost impossible to beat inflation. It shows that accelerated programs are preferable and that make—decisions supersede the value of buy—decisions. The result is derived from an abstract treatment of the subject. © 1978 American Society of Naval Engineers

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DESIGN ASPECTS OF NEW SERD CATAPULT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1977年第1期89卷 55-67页

作者： BRACE, RL MCWADE, JE USN Capt. R.L. Brace: USN reported for active duty in the U.S. Naval Reserve in June 1945 and upon his release from active duty in 1948 entered Chaffey Junior College Ontario Calif. from which he received his Associate Degree in Engineering in June 1949. Subsequently he attended Purdue University from which he received his BS degree in Chemical Engineering in 1951 and while on a Westinghouse Research Fellowship his MS degree in Engineering in 1952. He joined Phillips Petroleum Co. in Oklahoma as a research engineer with the Jet Fuel Research Group upon receiving the latter degree and while so serving obtained 12 patents. In January 1955 he was recalled to active duty and reported to Officers Candidate School. Newport R.I. Upon being commissioned in the U.S. Naval Reserve in May of that year he began his flight training at the Naval Air Training Command ultimately being designated a Naval Aviator and augumented into the regular Navy in 1956. He served with four carrier-based attack squadrons including three combat tours and in 1962 completed a duty assignment with the U.S. Army in South Vietnam. Other assignments include Catapult and Arresting Gear Officer USS Enterprise (CVN-65) duty on the Staff. Commander Naval Air Force. U.S. Atlantic Fleet: Assistant Chief of Staff for Material Task Force 78 during the mine countermeasure operations in North Vietnam Officer-in-Charge. Fleet Air Western Pacific Repair Activity Cubi Point P.I.: and Head. Aircraft Launch and Recovery Equipments Branch Ship Installations Division. Naval Air Systems Command from 1974 to 1976 during which he had full responsibility for all shore-based and shipboard aircraft launching and recovery systems and was Acquisition Manager for the SERD Catapult Program. Capt. Brace who was designated an Aeronautical Engineering Duty Officer in 1964. is a graduate of the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School the Naval War College and the Defense Systems Management School and his military decorations include the Meritorious Service Award the Air Me

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Book reviews

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Human Ecology 1977年第4期5卷 383-402页

作者： Sussmann, Hector J. Ammerman, Albert J. Hoffpauir, Robert Levandowsky, Michael Ehrenfeld, Joan Shechter, Mordechai Esser, Aristide H. Schuh, Janet C. Department of Mathematics Rutgers University New Brunswick Program in Human Biology Stanford University Stanford Department of Geography California State University Northridge Haskins Laboratories at Pace University New York Center for Coastal and Environmental Studies Rutgers University Piscataway Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel The Association for the Study of Man-Environment Relations Inc. Orangeburg Department of Human Ecology and Social Sciences Cook College Rutgers University New Brunswick

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Abstracts

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Environmental Management 1977年第1期1卷 67-96页

作者： Frankenfeld, John W. Schulz, Wolfgang McMurty, George J. Petersen, Gary W. May, G. A. Hering, F. S. Schwartz, J. I. Heywood, J. B. Chigier, N. A. Grohse, E. W. Walker, J. D. Colwell, R. R. Petrakis, L. Pergament, H. S. Thorpe, R. D. Schoepf, Richard W. Krzyczkowski, Roman Henneman, Suzanne S. Hudson, Charles L. Putnam, Evelyn S. Thiesen, Donna J. Parks, G. A. McCarty, Perry L. Leckie, J. O. Schrumpf, Barry J. Simonson, G. H. Paine, D. P. Lawrence, R. D. Pyott, W. T. Leh, M. Elders, W. Combs, J. Caplen, T. Harrison, F. L. Wong, K. M. Heft., R. E. Charnell, Robert L. Lehmann, Edward J. Mallon, Lawrence G. Hatfield, Cecile Adams, Gerald H. Johanning, James Talvitie, Antti Noll, Kenneth E. Miller, Terry Smiarowski, Joseph F. Willis, Cleve E. Foster, John H. Schlesinger, Benjamin Daetz, Douglas Lear, Donald U. Smith, Mona F. Hundemann, Audrey S. Crockett, Pernell W. Werner, Kirk G. Carroll, Thomas E. Maase, David L. Genco, Joseph E. Ifeadi, Christopher N. Lowman, F. G. Christensen, S. W. Van Winkle, W. Mattice, J. S. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Barker, James C. Chesness, Jerry L. Smith, Ralph E. Shaheeen, Donald G. Raney, R. Keith Borton, T. Wezernak, C. T. Raney, R. K. Sherwani, Jabbor K. Moreau, David H. Eisenberg, Norman A. Lynch, Cornelius J. Breeding, Roger J. Johnson, J. D. Foster, K. E. Mouat, D. A. Clark, R. Hyden, John William Owen, Wilfred Bayfield, Neil G. Barrow, Graham C. Stolz, Stephanie B. Wienckowski, Louis A. Brown, Betram S. Keyfitz, Nathan Wilson, W. L. Newman, Peter W. G. Bammi, Deepak Bammi, Dalip Goddard, James E. Chisholm, Tony Walsh, Cliff Brennan, Geoffrey Thompson, K. S. Richardson, R. Jensen, Clayton E. Brown, Dail W. Mirabito, John A. Cowing, Thomas G. Binghamton, Suny Siehl, George H. Albrecht, O. W. Alexander, Ariel Barde, Jean -Philippe Darby, William P. McMichael, Francis Clay Dunlap, Robert W. Muckleston, Keith W. Frankenhoff, Charles A. Giulini, Lorenzo T. Wyatt, T. Black, Peter E. Keating, William Thomas Leonard, M. E. Fisher, E. L. Brunelle, M. F. Dickinson, J. E. Pethig, Rudiger Clapham Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Linden Government Research Lab Coast Guard Washington D.C. Department of Transportation Washington D.C. Office For Remote Sensing of Earth Resources. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Pennsylvania State University Washington D.C. Department of the Navy Washington D.C. Cambridge. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Inst. of Technology USA Huntsville. School of Graduate Studies and Research Alabama Univ. USA Dept. of Microbiology. Office of Naval Research Maryland Univ. Arlington Research and Development Co. Pittsburgh AeroChem Research Labs. Inc. Princeton Dept. of the Interior Office of Library Services. Bibliographic Series (Final) Washington D.C. Interplan Corp. Santa Barbara Urban Mass Transportation Adm. Washington D.C. Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Calif. Mercury Project. National Science Found Stanford Univ Washington D.C. Div. of Advanced Environmental Research & Tech. USA Corvallis. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Oregon State Univ. Washington D.C. Riverside. Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics National Science Foundation California Univ. Washington D.C. Livermore Lawrence Livermore Lab. California Univ. USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Labs. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Miami National Technical Information Service Springfield Miami Univ. Coral Gables School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Rockville National Academy of Sciences Office of Sea Grant Washington D. C. School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant. Rockville Norman. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science. Urban Mass Transportation Administration Oklahoma Univ. Washington D. C. Knoxville.Dept. of Civil Engineering. Federal Highway Administration Tennessee Univ. Washington D. C. Amherst.Water Resources Research Center. Office of Water Research and Technology Massachusetts Univ. Washington D. C. Calif. Dept. of Industria

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