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A comparative study of the structural and optoelectronic properties of Al- and Ga-doped ZnO films deposited by atmospheric pressure plasma jet

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1031卷

作者： Chou, Chih-Yun Chiu, Po-Han Chao, Yin-Chun Yen, Hung-Wei Juang, Jia-Yang Program in Nanoengineering and Nanoscience Graduate School of Advanced Technology National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan

The high cost of gallium has driven interest in aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) as a cost-effective alternative to gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO). While prior studies have primarily focused on sputtering methods to compare AZO and GZO, research on non-sputtering techniques remains limited. Our previous works demonstrated favorable optoelectronic properties in GZO films deposited via atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ);however, APPJ-deposited AZO has yet to be explored. In this study, we compare AZO and GZO thin films fabricated by APPJ under ambient conditions. We find that the deposition rate of AZO is approximately twice that of GZO under the same processing parameters, due to differences in droplet size from the ultrasonic generator. By adjusting precursor delivery and working distance (the nozzle-to-substrate gap), we can tune film thickness, morphology, and optoelectronic properties, showcasing APPJ's versatility over sputtering. Despite similar precursor concentrations and film thickness, AZO films exhibit lower carrier concentration (∼1 ×1020 cm–3) and mobility (∼7.5 cm2/Vs) than GZO (∼8 ×1020 cm–3 and ∼15 cm²/Vs), attributed to reduced aluminum incorporation (∼0.4 at% vs. ∼2.2 at% in GZO). Reducing the working distance from 2 mm to 1.5 mm improves both films’ structural integrity and optoelectronic performance (figure of merit increases by 140 % for GZO and 100 % for AZO). However, AZO remains inferior to GZO, highlighting the need for further optimization. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Transparent conducting oxides

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Microwave dielectric and structural characteristics in Li2O-B2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Qiu, Jun-Yan Tu, Chi-Shun Huang, Szu-Ting Li, Yongxiang Chen, Pin-Yi Chen, Cheng-Sao Montecillo, Rhys Feng, Kuei-Chih International Ph.D. Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Physics Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City Taiwan School of Engineering RMIT University MelbourneVIC3000 Australia Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Hwa Hsia University of Technology New Taipei City Taiwan

Advancements in high-frequency communication devices have emphasized miniaturization and low energy consumption. This work focuses on developing microwave dielectric materials characterized by an ultra-low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss coefficient. In this study, B2O3 and Li2O were added into the SiO2 matrix to form the LBS glass-ceramics. The B2O3-added SiO2 shows a formation of α-cristobalite phase, and the Li2O additive in the B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics sintered at 900 °C reveal a primary quartz phase with a secondary phase Li2Si2O5, that partially transformed into Li2SiO3 in the specimen sintered at 950 °C. The LBS12 (x = 12 wt%) show stronger Raman peaks of Li2Si2O5 and Li2SiO3, indicating increase of highly-crystallized Si-O network. As the quartz phase diminishes, Li2Si2O5 and Li2SiO3 begin to develop in the glass-ceramic matrix. Dense microstructures and well-formed crystalline grains were observed in the LBS glass-ceramics. The quality factors were primarily affected by grain size and density. The Li2Si2O5 additive in the LBS glass-ceramics can reduce dielectric permittivity (Εr) and increase Q × f, particularly at higher frequencies. A low Εr of 4.7–5, a high Q × f of 2600 GHz, and a hardness of 249 MHV were achieved in the LBS12 sintered at 900 °C. These LBS glass-ceramics exhibit potential for use in low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) applications in high-frequency communication devices. © 2025

关键词： Sintering

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Effect of double-extrusion following by stepwise-hot-rolling on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2025年

作者： Wang, Jinjun Khan, Muhammad Abubaker Dai, Shang Feng, Yun Wang, Han Afifi, Mohamed A. Li, Jingyuan Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering National Key Laboratory of Advanced Stainless Steel School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Mechanical Engineering Program School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nile University Giza12677 Egypt Nile University Giza12677 Egypt

Mg alloys with a combination of high strength and excellent ductility are increasingly required for structural applications. This study investigates the influence of advanced processing techniques on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys. Utilizing a combination of double extrusion and stepwise hot rolling followed by aging treatments, significant enhancements in the mechanical performance of these alloys are demonstrated. The processing techniques applied lead to notable refinement in grain-size and modifications in the microstructure, including the transformation of LPSO phases from 18R to 24R and the dispersion of β phase particles. These microstructural transformations contribute to a substantial increase in yield-strength, ultimate-tensile-strength, and ductility. Furthermore, findings reveal that these improvements are also supported by alterations in material texture, which influence dislocation dynamics as indicated by changes in Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) values. The combined effect of grain boundary (GB) strengthening, phase distribution, and texture modification elucidates the observed mechanical enhancements. This research provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys for critical applications in aerospace and automotive industries where high strength and ductility are paramount. © 2025

关键词： Tensile strength

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Evaluation of Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Accuracy at Each Heartbeat During Exercise 6th

Evaluation of Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Accuracy a...

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6th International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics, ICBHI 2024

作者： Ono, Kouki Maeda, Yuka Yoshimura, Takumi Huang, Ming Tamura, Toshiyo Master’s Program in Intelligent and Mechanical Interaction Systems University of Tsukuba Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Medical and Welfare Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology Tokyo116-8523 Japan School of Data Science Nagoya City University Nagoya467-8501 Japan Future Robotics Organization Waseda University Tokyo169-8050 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031863226

Continuous blood pressure monitoring is crucial because of its dynamic nature, influenced by factors such as physical activity and mental stress. Although cuffless blood pressure estimation is a promising technique for continuous monitoring, its accuracy during drastic fluctuations, especially during exercise, remains insufficiently validated. In this study, we evaluated a simple Pulse Arrival Time based blood pressure estimation method and several improved methods for sharp fluctuations induced by exercise. Sixteen subjects in the experiment, with data from 13 valid for analysis. The proposed method achieved an average correlation of 0.527 in systolic blood pressure, suggesting that cuffless blood pressure estimation could be applied to estimate continuous blood pressure variability during exercise. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Blood pressure

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Spatio-temporal characterization of nonlinear forcing and response in turbulent channel flow

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Huang, Yuting Toedtli, Simon S. Chini, Gregory P. McKeon, Beverley J. Mechanical and Civil Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO80301 United States Program in Integrated Applied Mathematics Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New Hampshire DurhamNH03824 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Center for Turbulence Research Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

The quadratic convection term in the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is considered as a nonlinear forcing to the linear resolvent operator, and it is studied in the Fourier domain through the analysis of interactions between triadically compatible wavenumber-frequency triplets. A framework to quantify the triadic contributions to the forcing and response by each pair of triplets is developed and applied to data from direct numerical simulations of a turbulent channel at Reι ≈ 550. The linear resolvent operator is incorporated to provide the missing link from energy transfer between modes to the effect on the spectral turbulent kinetic energy. The coefficients highlight the importance of interactions involving large-scale structures, providing a natural connection to the modeling assumptions in quasi-linear (QL) and generalized quasi-linear (GQL) analyses. Specifically, it is revealed that the QL and GQL reductions efficiently capture important triadic interactions in the flow, especially when including of a small number of wavenumbers into the GQL large-scale base flow. Additionally, spatio-temporal analyses of the triadic contributions to a single mode representative of the near-wall cycle demonstrate the spatio-temporal nature of the triadic interactions and the effect of the resolvent operator, which selectively amplifies certain forcing profiles. The tools presented are expected to be useful for improving modeling of the nonlinearity, especially in QL, GQL, and resolvent analyses, and understanding the amplitude modulation mechanism relating large-scale fluctuations to the modulation of near-wall structures. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Navier Stokes equations

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Extension-type flexible pneumatic actuator with a large extension force using a cross-link mechanism based on pantographs

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Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2025年 390卷

作者： Shimooka, So Tadachi, Kazuma Kamegawa, Tetsushi Faculty of Environmental Life Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka Kita-ku Okayama Japan Mechanical and Systems Engineering Program School of Engineering Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka Kita-ku Okayama Japan

In this study, we propose an extension-type flexible pneumatic actuator (EFPA) with a high extension force and no buckling. In a previous study, soft actuators that extended in the axial direction by applying a supply pressure were unable to generate the extension's pushing force because the actuators buckled owing to their high flexibility. To generate a pushing force, the circumferential stiffness of an extension-type flexible soft actuator must be reinforced. Therefore, a cross-linked EFPA (CL-EFPA) was developed, inspired by a pantograph that restrains the EFPA three-dimensionally using the proposed link mechanism. The proposed CL-EFPA consists of three EFPAs and a cross-linking mechanism for integrating each EFPA circumference. The pushing force of the CL-EFPA is approximately 3.0 times compared with that generated by the previous EFPA with plates to restrain its plane. To perform various bending motions, attitude control was performed using an analytical model and a system that included valves, sensors, and controllers. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Buckling

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Hidden Electrostatic Impact of Cell Growth: Influence of Contact-Induced Surface Charges on Cell Proliferation and Adhesion

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Small 2025年 e2502448页

作者： Lee, Donghan Kang, Dayoon Cho, Sumin Jang, Sunmin Jang, Jinah Choi, Dongwhi Department of Mechanical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program) Kyung Hee University 1732 Deogyeong-daero Gyeonggi Yongin 17104 South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro Nam-gu Gyeongbuk Pohang 37673 South Korea

Since cells are extraordinarily sensitive, even slight variables can critically affect the reproducibility of cell culture outcomes. Therefore, despite significant investments of time and resources to mitigate the impact of unnecessary external factors such as biological and chemical impurities, inconsistencies in cell culture results still pose unavoidable errors, even under identical conditions. In this study, contact-induced electrostatic charges as an overlooked external factor that could influence cell culture outcomes, are proposed first. These experimental findings, which are derived from measuring the electrical output, surface potential, and electrostatic fields caused by these charges, confirm that substantial electrostatic charges can be generated and accumulated on the surface of cell culture vessels through contact with other materials. Subsequently, the influence of generated charges on cells by cultivating them on specially fabricated cell culture vessels, which can provide various electrostatic environments, is examined. The results clearly demonstrate that excessive electrostatic charges suppress cell proliferation and metabolic activity, while neutralizing these charges significantly enhances both cellular proliferation and adhesion. These results reveal that the quantity of electrostatic charges significantly affects cell proliferation and adhesion. Furthermore, the management of electrostatic charges could enhance cell growth and reduce errors in cell culture outcomes, thereby improving both cost and time efficiency. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： adhesion cell growth contact-induced surface charge proliferation

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A novel photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) system using nano-enhanced micro-encapsulated PCM slurry for steam production: A numerical study

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2025年 27卷

作者： Azmeer, Ahmed Sheikh, Yahya Kanjo, Hasan A. Sabouni, Hamzeh Physical Science and Engineering Department King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

As industries reliant on steam-based processes strive to reduce fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions, interest in renewable technologies, particularly photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems that generate both thermal and electrical energy, is increasing. However, the limited thermal performance of PVT systems remains a key barrier. Traditional working fluids, such as water, nanofluids, and phase change material (PCM) slurries, exhibit low thermal conductivity, poor temperature regulation, and inefficient heat storage. To address these issues, a novel working fluid incorporating graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles into microencapsulated PCM (MPCM) slurry is proposed. The integration of GO nanoparticles not only enhances the dispersion stability of the MPCM slurry but also significantly increases its thermal conductivity, leading to improved heat dissipation from PV cells. A comprehensive CFD investigation is conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2021, employing an Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase model to simulate the three-phase flow. In this model, water serves as the primary phase, while GO nanoparticles and MPCM function as secondary dispersed phases. The results demonstrate that increasing the GO volume fraction from 0 to 0.005 reduces average PV cell temperatures by up to 5°C at 40°C. Additionally, the nano-enhanced MPCM slurry achieves a thermal efficiency of 88.1 % and an electrical efficiency of 10.3 %. It is also found that using MPCM slurry as the working fluid, a 15 % volume fraction of MPCM with a melting point of 40°C achieves the highest thermal efficiency of 90.1 %, outperforming water by 20.1 % and surpassing previous studies on MPCM slurry and nanofluids. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Nanofluidics

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Graphene-functionalized textile composites for wearable Joule heating applications

Advanced Nanocomposites

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Advanced Nanocomposites 2025年 2卷 108-123页

作者： Omar Faruk Abbas Ahmed Ashfaqul Hoque Khadem Lu Jia Luyi Sun Department of Materials Science and Engineering Binghamton University State University of New York at Binghamton NY 13902 USA Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Department Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Computing and Applied Science Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA College of Textile Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Jinzhong Shanxi 030600 China

Thermal comfort is essential for maintaining physiological well-being, with textile materials traditionally serving as the primary medium for regulating heat exchange between the body and its environment. However, conventional textiles often fall short of maintaining optimal thermal balance. So, there is an increasing demand for advanced thermoregulation systems that can effectively reduce heat loss and enhance warmth, ensuring consistent comfort. Recent research has highlighted the promise of advanced functional materials, especially graphene and its composites, for modifying textiles to improve thermal properties. This article comprehensively reviews recent advancements in graphene-functionalized textile composites, focusing on their applications in wearable Joule heaters designed for personalized thermal comfort or thermal therapy. Various graphene-functionalized textile composites are reviewed from the perspectives of material properties, processing strategies and device fabrication methods. Key challenges and future opportunities are summarized for graphene-functionalized textile-based Joule heaters as innovative solutions in wearable thermal regulation.

关键词： Graphene Textile Composite Wearable electronics Joule heater

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Silicon decorated graphene nanoplates modified anode and MnO2 interlayer as a multifunctional polysulfides barrier for advanced pre-lithiation silicon-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 2025年 205卷

作者： Aslfattahi, Navid Kiai, Maryam Sadat Baydogan, Nilgun Samylingam, Lingenthiran Kadirgama, Kumaran Kok, Chee Kuang Department of Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Prague166 07 Czech Republic Center for BioNano Interactions School of Chemistry University College of Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering Program of Science Engineering and Technology Istanbul Technical University Istanbul34469 Turkey Energy Institute Ayazaga Campus Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul Turkey Center for Advanced Mechanical and Green Technology Center of Excellence for Robotics & Sensing Technologies Faculty of Engineering and Technology Multimedia University Jalan Ayer Keroh Lama Bukit Beruang Melaka75450 Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan Pahang 26600 Malaysia Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan Pahang 26600 Malaysia Chennai Institute of Technology Chennai India

The development of advanced anodes with high capacity and excellent high-rate cycling performance for next generation of sulfur-based batteries has emerged as a significant area of research. In this study, we present a straightforward approach to design and fabricate silicon/graphene nanoplates using a one-step hydrothermal method. Notably, a pomegranate-like structure is achieved in the silicon/graphene nanoplates (Si/GNP) spheres, with distinctive porous pomegranate architecture not only enhances the electrical conductivity of the active silicon but also accommodates substantial volume changes during cycling. Additionally, to enhance redox reactions and hinder shuttle effect, GNP/MnO2 composites is investigated as an interlayer. The MnO2 particles are in-situ grown on the surface of the GNP. The metal oxide MnO2 can enhance chemical adsorption during the electrochemical cycles. As a result, the cell with GNP/MnO2interlayer and Si/GNP anode spheres exhibit remarkable cycling stability, delivering capacity retention of 986 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles, indicating a commendable cycling performance. The cell performance was investigated across different current densities. Notably, substantial discharge capacities of 831 and 719 mAh g−1 were attained even at 2C and 5C current densities. The synthetic approach we have developed presents an innovative route for high-performance practical anodes and interlayers intended for electrochemical energy storage applications. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Redox reactions

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