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A novel photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) system using nano-enhanced micro-encapsulated PCM slurry for steam production: A numerical study

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2025年 27卷

作者： Azmeer, Ahmed Sheikh, Yahya Kanjo, Hasan A. Sabouni, Hamzeh Physical Science and Engineering Department King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

As industries reliant on steam-based processes strive to reduce fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions, interest in renewable technologies, particularly photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems that generate both thermal and electrical energy, is increasing. However, the limited thermal performance of PVT systems remains a key barrier. Traditional working fluids, such as water, nanofluids, and phase change material (PCM) slurries, exhibit low thermal conductivity, poor temperature regulation, and inefficient heat storage. To address these issues, a novel working fluid incorporating graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles into microencapsulated PCM (MPCM) slurry is proposed. The integration of GO nanoparticles not only enhances the dispersion stability of the MPCM slurry but also significantly increases its thermal conductivity, leading to improved heat dissipation from PV cells. A comprehensive CFD investigation is conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2021, employing an Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase model to simulate the three-phase flow. In this model, water serves as the primary phase, while GO nanoparticles and MPCM function as secondary dispersed phases. The results demonstrate that increasing the GO volume fraction from 0 to 0.005 reduces average PV cell temperatures by up to 5°C at 40°C. Additionally, the nano-enhanced MPCM slurry achieves a thermal efficiency of 88.1 % and an electrical efficiency of 10.3 %. It is also found that using MPCM slurry as the working fluid, a 15 % volume fraction of MPCM with a melting point of 40°C achieves the highest thermal efficiency of 90.1 %, outperforming water by 20.1 % and surpassing previous studies on MPCM slurry and nanofluids. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Nanofluidics

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Graphene-functionalized textile composites for wearable Joule heating applications

Advanced Nanocomposites

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Advanced Nanocomposites 2025年 2卷 108-123页

作者： Omar Faruk Abbas Ahmed Ashfaqul Hoque Khadem Lu Jia Luyi Sun Department of Materials Science and Engineering Binghamton University State University of New York at Binghamton NY 13902 USA Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Department Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Computing and Applied Science Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA College of Textile Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Jinzhong Shanxi 030600 China

Thermal comfort is essential for maintaining physiological well-being, with textile materials traditionally serving as the primary medium for regulating heat exchange between the body and its environment. However, conventional textiles often fall short of maintaining optimal thermal balance. So, there is an increasing demand for advanced thermoregulation systems that can effectively reduce heat loss and enhance warmth, ensuring consistent comfort. Recent research has highlighted the promise of advanced functional materials, especially graphene and its composites, for modifying textiles to improve thermal properties. This article comprehensively reviews recent advancements in graphene-functionalized textile composites, focusing on their applications in wearable Joule heaters designed for personalized thermal comfort or thermal therapy. Various graphene-functionalized textile composites are reviewed from the perspectives of material properties, processing strategies and device fabrication methods. Key challenges and future opportunities are summarized for graphene-functionalized textile-based Joule heaters as innovative solutions in wearable thermal regulation.

关键词： Graphene Textile Composite Wearable electronics Joule heater

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Correction: Materials laboratories of the future for alloys, amorphous, and composite materials (MRS Bulletin, (2025), 50, 2, (190-207), 10.1557/s43577-024-00846-y)

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MRS Bulletin 2025年 1-2页

作者： Banerjee, Sarbajit Meng, Y. Shirley Minor, Andrew M. Zhang, Minghao Zaluzec, Nestor J. Chan, Maria K.Y. Seidler, Gerald McComb, David W. Agar, Joshua Mukherjee, Partha P. Melot, Brent Chapman, Karena Guiton, Beth S. Klie, Robert F. McCue, Ian D. Voyles, Paul M. Robertson, Ian Li, Ling Chi, Miaofang Destino, Joel F. Devaraj, Arun Marquis, Emmanuelle A. Segre, Carlo U. Liu, Huinan H. Yang, Judith C. Momeni, Kasra Misra, Amit Abdolrahim, Niaz Medvedeva, Julia E. Cai, Wenjun Sehirlioglu, Alp Dizbay-Onat, Melike Mehta, Apurva Graham-Brady, Lori Maruyama, Benji Rajan, Krishna Warner, Jamie H. Taheri, Mitra L. Kalinin, Sergei V. Reeja-Jayan, B. Schwarz, Udo D. Simon, Sindee L. Brown, Craig M. Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science & Engineering Texas A & M University College Station United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley United States National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley United States Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Lemont United States Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel University Philadelphia United States School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette United States Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles United States Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University The State University of New York Stony Brook United States Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington United States Department of Physics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Bangladesh Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham United States Department of Chemistry Creighton University Omaha United States Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan–Ann Arbor Ann Arbor United States Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago United States Department of Bioengineering and the Mater

This article was updated to correct Minghao Zhang’s affiliation from "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA" to "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA;Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, USA." Argonne National Laboratory was left off the original publication. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Computational Modeling of Cardiovascular-Induced Chest Vibrations: A Review and Practical Guide for Seismocardiography Simulation

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International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical engineering 2025年第5期41卷 e70047页

作者： Monfared, Mohammadali Gamage, Peshala T. Loghmani, Ali Taebi, Amirtahà Department of Bioengineering Lehigh University BethlehemPA United States Biomedical Engineering Program Mississippi State University Mississippi State Mississippi United States Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science Florida Institute of Technology MelbourneFL United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Esfahan Iran

This paper presents a comprehensive examination of finite element modeling (FEM) approaches for seismocardiography (SCG), a non-invasive method for assessing cardiac function through chest surface vibrations. The paper provides a comparative analysis of existing FEM approaches, exploring the strengths and challenges of various modeling choices in the literature. Additionally, we introduce a sample framework for developing FEM models of SCG, detailing key methodologies from governing equations and meshing techniques to boundary conditions and material property selection. This framework serves as a guide for researchers aiming to create accurate models of SCG signal propagation and offers insights into capturing complex cardiac mechanics and their transmission to the chest surface. By consolidating the current methodologies, this paper aims to establish a reference point for advancing FEM-based SCG modeling, ultimately improving our understanding of SCG waveforms and enhancing their reliability and applicability in cardiovascular health assessment. © 2025 The Author(s). International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Electrocatalysis for sustainable nitrogen management: materials innovation for sensing, removal and upcycling technologies

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第6期 2322-2342页

作者： Mei Yi Hongmei Li Minghao Xie Panpan Li Zhaoyu Jin Guihua Yu Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemistry Sichuan University Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin

The global nitrogen cycle holds immense importance due to its crucial role in supporting life, supplying vital nutrients for plant growth, preserving environmental balance, and enabling the proper functioning of ecosystems. However, human activities frequently disrupt this cycle, leading to the accumulation of nitrates and nitrites in water bodies. This accumulation causes environmental pollution and health risks. Traditional methods for treating nitrogen pollution, including biological, physical, and chemical approaches, have inherent limitations. In recent years, electrocatalysis has emerged as a promising and sustainable approach for nitrogen management. This technology offers superior efficiency, high selectivity, and environmental *** not only enables accurate detection of nitrogen pollutants in the environment but also facilitates their conversion into harmless nitrogen gas. Moreover, recent advancements have focused on the upcycling of nitrogen pollutants into valuable compounds,such as ammonia and urea. In this comprehensive review, we showcase the applications of electrocatalysis in sustainable nitrogen management. Specifically, we highlight its use in the sensing, removal, and upcycling of major nitrogen pollutants,including nitrate（NO3-）, nitrite（NO2-）, and nitric oxide（NO）. We discuss the use of catalysts, such as Pd alloys, Cu-based, and Fe-based materials, in electrochemical sensing and catalysis. Additionally, we explore recent advancements in the conversion of nitrogen pollutants into valuable compounds like ammonia and urea. The review also addresses current challenges and future opportunities in the field, including innovations in sensor and catalyst design, as well as large-scale treatment strategies. We anticipate that these perspectives will provide profound insights for effective nitrogen pollution control and sustainable utilization of nitrogen resources.

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Improving self-healing characteristics of polyurethane composite coatings by surface modification of polyaniline using dodecylamine

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engineering Failure Analysis 2025年 176卷

作者： Ahmad, Shoaib Nawaz, Muddasir Mohammad, Solaiman Al-Qahtani, Noora Kahraman, Ramazan Mansoor, Bilal Shakoor, R.A. Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Materials Science & Technology Program College of Arts & Sciences Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station United States

Corrosion is one of the most critical problems affecting the structural integrity of metals. Polymeric nanocomposite coatings reinforced with anti-corrosive pigments are currently being used to mitigate corrosion. This study involves the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles and their modification with dodecylamine (DOC), which functions as a corrosion inhibitor. Polyurethane coatings (PU-PANI@DOC) were developed by incorporating modified nanoparticles (PANI@DOC) into the polyurethane matrix, and blank polyurethane coatings (PU-blank) were prepared without any nanoparticles. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analysis confirmed the successful modification of dodecylamine (DOC) with the surface of polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray test (SST) revealed that the impedance values of the modified coating follow an inclined trend (1010 Ω.cm2) in comparison with PU-blank coatings (107 Ω.cm2) after the 14th day of immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl. Moreover, the hydrophobic characteristics of PANI@DOC nanoparticles shift the contact angle from 60° to 90°, thus lowering the wettability nature of modified coatings. Overall, Polyurethane coatings (PU-PANI@DOC) exhibiting potential attributes such as barrier properties, hydrophobic nature, inhibition effect, and high compatibility with polyurethane matrix can be a suitable material for the development of smart self-healing coatings to protect the metals from the hostile effects of corrosion. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Mechanisms of rectangular groove-induced multiple-microdroplet coalescences

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2017年第3期33卷 585-594页

作者： Feng Shen Yi Li Guiren Wang Zhaomiao Liu College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Program University of South Carolina

The mechanism of microdroplet coalescence is a fundamental issue for droplet-based microfluidics. We developed an asymmetric expansion (a rectangular groove) along one side of a microchannel to achieve multiple-microdroplet trapping, collision, and coalescence. Compared with reported symmetric expansions, this asymmetric groove could easily trap microdroplets and control two or three microdroplet coalescences precisely without a requirement for temporal and spatial synchronization. To reveal the mechanisms of multiple-droplet coalescences in a groove, we observed five different coalescence patterns under different flow conditions. Moreover, we characterized the flow behavior quantitatively by simulating the velocity vector fields in both the microdroplets and continuous phase, finding good agreement with experiments. Finally, a map of coalescence forms with different capillary numbers () and flow ratios () was obtained. The results could provide a useful guidance for the design and application of droplet-based microfluidic devices.

关键词： Droplet-based microfluidics Microdroplet coalescence Microgroove Velocity vector field Asymmetric expansion

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Following marginal stability manifolds in quasilinear dynamical reductions of multiscale flows in two space dimensions

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Physical Review E 2025年第2期111卷 025105-025105页

作者： Alessia Ferraro Gregory P. Chini T. M. Schneider Emergent Complexity in Physical Systems Laboratory (ECPS) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Nordita Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University Stockholm 106 91 Sweden Department of Mechanical Engineering and Program in Integrated Applied Mathematics University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA

We derive a two-dimensional (2D) extension of a recently developed formalism for slow-fast quasilinear (QL) systems subject to fast instabilities. The emergent dynamics of these systems is characterized by a slow evolution of (suitably defined) mean fields coupled to marginally stable, fast fluctuation fields. By exploiting this scale separation, an efficient hybrid fast-eigenvalue/slow-initial-value solution algorithm can be developed in which the amplitude of the fast fluctuations is slaved to the slowly evolving mean fields to ensure marginal stability—and temporal scale separation—is maintained. For 2D systems, the fluctuation eigenfunctions are labeled by their Fourier wave numbers characterizing spatial variability in that extended spatial direction, and the marginal mode(s) must coincide with the fastest-growing mode(s) over all admissible Fourier wave numbers. Here we derive an ordinary differential equation governing the slow evolution of the wave number of the fastest-growing fluctuation mode that simultaneously must be slaved to the mean dynamics to ensure the mode has zero growth rate. We illustrate the procedure in the context of a 2D model partial differential equation that shares certain attributes with the equations governing strongly stratified shear flows and other strongly constrained forms of geophysical turbulence in extreme parameter regimes. The slaved evolution follows one or more marginal stability manifolds, which constitute select state-space structures that are not invariant under the full flow dynamics yet capture quasicoherent structures in physical space in a manner analogous to invariant solutions identified in, e.g., transitionally turbulent shear flows. Accordingly, we propose that marginal stability manifolds are central organizing structures in a dynamical systems description of certain classes of multiscale flows in which scale separation justifies a QL approximation of the dynamics.

关键词： Shear flow

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Transient rod-climbing in an Oldroyd-B fluid

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ruangkriengsin, Tachin Brandão, Rodolfo Wu, Katie Hwang, Jonghyun Boyko, Evgeniy Stone, Howard A. Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States School of Mathematics University of Bristol Fry Building Woodland Road BristolBS8 1UG United Kingdom Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel

The Weissenberg effect, or rod-climbing phenomenon, occurs in non-Newtonian fluids where the fluid interface ascends along a rotating rod. Despite its prominence, theoretical insights into this phenomenon remain limited. In earlier work, Joseph & Fosdick (Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal., vol. 49, 1973, pp. 321–380) employed domain perturbation methods for second-order fluids to determine the equilibrium interface height by expanding solutions based on the rotation speed. In this work, we investigate the time-dependent interface height through asymptotic analysis with dimensionless variables and equations using the Oldroyd-B model. We begin by neglecting surface tension and inertia to focus on the interaction between gravity and viscoelasticity. In the small-deformation scenario, the governing equations indicate the presence of a boundary layer in time, where the interface rises rapidly over a short time scale before gradually approaching a steady state. By employing a stretched time variable, we derive the transient velocity field and corresponding interface profile on this short time scale and recover the steady-state profile on a longer time scale. Subsequently, we reintroduce small but finite inertial effects to investigate their interplay with viscoelasticity and propose a criterion for determining the conditions under which rod-climbing occurs. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Non Newtonian liquids

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Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Photovoltaics: Long-Term Stability through Interface engineering

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Energy & Fuels 2025年第22期39卷 10134-10149页

作者： Ahmed A. Said Xiaole Li Esma Ugur Furkan H. Isikgor Jiang Liu Randi Azmi Michele De Bastiani Erkan Aydin Shanshan Zhang Anand S. Subbiah Thomas G. Allen Gilles Lubineau Iain McCulloch Stefaan De Wolf Center for Renewable Energy and Storage Technologies (CREST) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 2JD United Kingdom；Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 United States

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have experienced a rapid increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) over the past decade, positioning them as strong candidates for next-generation commercial photovoltaics (PVs). Their tunable bandgap makes them ideal for tandem configurations, especially when coupled with crystalline silicon (Si) bottom cells; this combination offers the potential to exceed the PCE limits of single-junction devices and is arguably essential for successful market entry of perovskite technologies. However, commercialization of perovskite/Si tandems also demands enhanced durability and reliable integration into PV modules, withstanding long-term outdoor exposure. Besides light, temperature, and voltage bias stress, difficulties to overcome involve the mechanical stability and performance of the interfaces within tandem devices, which may degrade over time under real-world operating conditions. This review explores the critical role of interface engineering in addressing these challenges, reviewing the latest advancements in interface materials, encapsulation strategies, and novel integration techniques. By identification of the critical issues and adequate solutions, this paper provides a vision for the future of perovskite/Si tandem solar cells, emphasizing the importance of advanced manufacturing techniques and interdisciplinary research but also policy support.

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