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152nd Annual Meeting and Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS 2023

作者： Tavangarian, Fariborz Gray, Jennifer L. Clark, Trevor Gao, Chao Mechanical Engineering Program School of Science Engineering and Technology Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg MiddletownPA17057 United States Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA16802 United States Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim7034 Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9783031225239

Nature has been a great source of inspiration for engineers and scientists for centuries. It provides unique ideas to overcome the unmet needs of human beings. Spicules are structural elements of Euplectella Aspergillum sponges that reside in the deep ocean. They have an exceptional microstructure that provides excellent mechanical properties. Although spicules are composed of a brittle material, silica (SiO2), they behave differently under load compared to other ceramics. This behavior is due to their concentric cylindrical structure. To produce a similar structure with potential engineering and biomedical applications, one needs to investigate its microstructure in depth. In this study, we examined the microstructure of spicules to understand their architecture as a foundation to better design biomedical implants for tissue engineering applications. © 2023, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

关键词： Microstructure

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Comparison of Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques for High-Resolution Imaging of Sponge Spicule Cross-Sections

Comparison of Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques for Hig...

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Symposium on Natural Fibers and Biocomposites: A Sustainable Solution, 2025, held as part of the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2025

作者： Tavangarian, Fariborz Fani, Niloofar Monfared, Armaghan Hashemi Sadeghzade, Sorour Mechanical Engineering Program School of Science Engineering and Technology Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg MiddletownPA17057 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University State College University ParkPA16802 United States School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou310024 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031811890

This study comprehensively investigates the effectiveness of three advanced sample preparation techniques—ion milling, laser cuttingLaser-based techniques, and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling—for high-resolution imaging of Euplectella aspergillum sponge fibers called spicules. Primarily composed of silica layers with nanometer-scale organic interlayers, spicules possess complex hierarchical structures which are critical for their mechanical propertiesmechanical property. Accurate characterizationCharacterization of these structures requires advanced sample preparation to prevent artefacts and preserve structural integrity. Ion milling introduced significant surface degradation and uneven material removal in spicules. Despite its precision, laser cutting caused thermal damage and induced micro-cracks, compromising the microstructural integrity. In contrast, FIB milling provided superior results, producing smooth, artefact-free cross-sections with minimal thermal and mechanical stress. The real-time imaging capability of FIB milling further ensured optimal sample preparation, making it the most suitable technique for delicate biological materials like spicules. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the preparation of biological samples for further research and analysis. © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025.

关键词： Milling (machining)

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Extremely large water droplet impact onto a deep liquid pool

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Physical Review E 2024年第4期109卷 045107-045107页

作者： Sandip Dighe Dilip Kumar Maity Jeffrey N. Fonnesbeck Som Dutta Tadd Truscott Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA

Most studies of droplet impact on liquid pools focus on droplet diameters up to the capillary length (0.27 cm). We break from convention and study extremely large water droplets (1 to 6 cm diameter) falling into a pool of water. We demonstrate that the depth and width of the cavity formed by large droplet impact is greatly influenced by the deformed shape of the droplet at impact (i.e., prolate, spherical, and oblate), and larger droplets amplify this behavior by flattening before impact. In particular, the maximum cavity depth is a function of the Froude number and axis ratio of the droplet just before impact. Further, the cavity depth is more dependent on the droplet height than width, and the maximum cavity diameter is independent of the droplet height. In general, we observe that more oblate droplets result in decreasing cavity depths for a fixed liquid volume. This is because an increase in horizontal droplet diameter results in a reduced impact energy flux and therefore reduced cavity depth.

关键词： Capillary interactions Drop breakup Drops & bubbles Thin fluid films Wakes & jets Water

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Enhancing Agricultural Efficiency and Sustainability Through Smart Direct Couple Motor Operated Valve: A Technological Innovation for Automated Irrigation and Fertilization

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Nugraha, Muhamad Hanhan Hanhan Rabbika, Anes Inda Rusdja, Andy Permana Bustomi, Ahmad Mechanical Engineering Study Program Mechanical Engineering Department State Polytechnic of Jakarta Depok16425 Indonesia Manufacturing Engineering Technology Study Program Mechanical Engineering Department State Polytechnic of Jakarta Depok16425 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Mayasari Bakti University Tasikmalaya46196 Indonesia

This research introduces the Smart Direct Couple Motor Operated Valve (SDCMOV), designed to enhance agricultural efficiency and sustainability. SDCMOV automates the distribution of water and fertilizers in vegetable farming, reducing labor intensity and inefficiencies. The system addresses key issues such as minimizing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among farmers and ensuring consistent nutrient delivery for optimal plant growth. Energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and remotely controllable via mobile devices, SDCMOV significantly improves irrigation and fertilization processes. Experimental results suggest that SDCMOV is a viable solution for sustainable and modern agricultural practices, particularly in developing countries. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Irrigation

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Cognitive TransFuser: Semantics-Guided Transformer-Based Sensor Fusion for Improved Waypoint Prediction 11th

Cognitive TransFuser: Semantics-Guided Transformer-Based Sen...

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11th International Conference on Robot Intelligence technology and Applications, RiTA 2023

作者： Choi, Hwan-Soo Jeong, Jongoh Hoo Cho, Young Yoon, Kuk-Jin Kim, Jong-Hwan Robot Intelligence Technology Lab. School of Engineering KAIST Daejeon Korea Republic of dSPECTER Seoul Korea Republic of Visual Intelligence Lab. Robotics Program and Dept. of Mechanical Engineering KAIST Daejeon Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9783031706868

Sensor fusion approaches for intelligent self-driving agents remain key to driving scene understanding given visual global contexts acquired from input sensors. Specifically, for the local waypoint prediction task, single-modality networks are still limited by strong dependency on the sensitivity of the input sensor, and thus recent works therefore promote the use of multiple sensors in fusion in feature level in practice. While it is well known that multiple data modalities encourage mutual contextual exchange, it requires global 3D scene understanding in real-time with minimal computation upon deployment to practical driving scenarios, thereby placing greater significance on the training strategy given a limited number of practically usable sensors. In this light, we exploit carefully selected auxiliary tasks that are highly correlated with the target task of interest (e.g., traffic light recognition and semantic segmentation) by fusing auxiliary task features and also using auxiliary heads for waypoint prediction based on imitation learning. Our RGB-LIDAR-based multi-task feature fusion network, coined Cognitive TransFuser, augments and exceeds the baseline network by a significant margin for safer and more complete road navigation in the CARLA simulator. We validate the proposed network on the Town05 Short and Town05 Long Benchmark through extensive experiments, achieving up to 44.2 FPS real-time inference time. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Formability Analysis of Metal–Polymer Sandwich Composites Made of Al and PE Sheets Using Numerical Simulations 1

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12th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes, NUMISHEET 2022

作者： Bekele, Tsegaye Janaki Ramulu, Perumalla Beri, Habtamu Siraji, Amrela Praveen Kumar Reddy, P. Program of Mechanical Engineering School of Mechanical Chemical and Materials Engineering Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia Centre of Excellence for Advanced Manufacturing Engineering School of Mechanical Chemical and Materials Engineering Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia School of Technology Gitam Deemed to Be University and Mahaveer Institute of Science and Technology Hyderabad India

ISBN: (数字)9783031062124

ISBN: (纸本)9783031062117

Metal/polymer/metal (MPM) sandwiched composites are in the class of capable engineering materials which give outstanding strength-to-weight ratios because of their comparatively low density. These materials are vital constituents within the automobile, aerospace, marine, and civil construction industries as substitutes for sheet metals that considerably reduce weight while not compromising practicality such as load bearing capacity stiffness and flexibility. For these materials to be utilised within the aforesaid industries, they need to bear numerous forming processes. This paper investigates the formability of metal-polymer sandwich composites made of AA-PE-AA (APA) and Galvanised Steel-PE-Galvanised Steel (GPG) considering the adhesion strength via numerical simulation. For evaluating the formability, the actual limit dome height (LDH)—bi-axial strain path—test setup is simulated using FEM. The results analysed are forming limit diagram (FLD), punch force distribution, and dome height at diverse conditions of punch velocity and friction. All the numerical simulations were performed using Altair Hyperworks with various blank sizes. The results are noted as FLD and dome height at varied conditions. A comparison is made to represent the best combinations for formability of the sandwich composites. Maximum formability and dome height are attained at low friction conditions and forming speed. © 2022, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

关键词： Adhesion

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Effect of Surface Roughness on the Magnetism, Nano-indentation, Surface Energy, and Electrical Properties of Co60Fe20Dy20 Films on Si (100) Substrate

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Journal of Electronic Materials 2024年第4期53卷 1752-1762页

作者： Liu, Wen-Jen Chang, Yung-Huang Chiang, Chia-Chin Chen, Yuan-Tsung Lin, Chih-Chien Chen, Pei-Ling Lin, Shih-Hung Department of Materials Science and Engineering I-Shou University Kaohsiung840 Taiwan Bachelor Program in Industrial Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 Yunlin Douliou64002 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City80778 Taiwan Graduate School of Materials Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 Yunlin Douliou64002 Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 Yunlin Douliou64002 Taiwan

In this study, we focused on depositing a target material, cobalt-iron-dysprosium (Co60Fe20Dy20), onto silicon (Si) (100) substrates with thickness varying from 10 nm to 50 nm through a direct-current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique. The subsequent step involved subjecting the samples to an hour-long annealing process in a vacuum annealing furnace at temperatures of 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C. To assess the elemental composition of the CoFeDy films, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was employed. An observed trend indicated an increase in low-frequency alternating-current magnetic susceptibility (χac) with the increasing thickness. Remarkably, the CoFeDy films exhibited their peak χac following annealing at 300°C, with an optimal resonance frequency of 50 Hz. After annealing at 300°C, the CoFeDy film’s surface energy peaked at 50 nm. The magnetic, electrical, and adhesive properties of the CoFeDy films were notably influenced by surface roughness at different annealing temperatures. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed a gradual reduction in film roughness post-annealing, corresponding to smoother surfaces indicative of a weaker domain wall pinning effect, heightened carrier conductivity, and increased liquid spreading. Collectively, these outcomes contributed to diminished χac, reduced electrical resistance, and enhanced adhesion. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2024.

关键词： Adhesion

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Design of Flight Path and Environment for Creating a Standard Test Method to Evaluate Self-Localization Function of Drones in a Non-GPS Environment

Design of Flight Path and Environment for Creating a Standar...

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International Workshop on Robot Motion and Control (RoMoCo)

作者： Tomohiro Kimura Noritaka Sato Department of Engineering Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Program Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Aichi Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350393965

ISBN: (纸本)9798350393972

We have been developing a standard test method to assess the self-localization function of drones in a non-GPS environment. In this study, we focus on developing an evaluation environment and trajectory. Because it takes time to construct a real evaluation environment, we constructed an evaluation environment using a simulator developed in our previous study and evaluated the factors, such as the drone flight trajectory and the environmental characteristics, which affect the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods. In the verification, four SLAM methods, which are open-source methods available in the robot operating system (ROS), were compared. The results obtained from this study showed that small changes in the environment did not significantly affect the performance of the SLAM methods, whereas the flight trajectories had a significant impact on them.

关键词： Location awareness Robot motion Simultaneous localization and mapping Laser radar Operating systems Software Data models

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Computational Modeling of Radiation Effects in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyethylene Composites 38

Computational Modeling of Radiation Effects in Carbon Fiber-...

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38th Technical Conference of the American Society for Composites, ASC 2023

作者： Li, Fuyue Woodrough, Mary Deo, Chaitanya School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology North Avenue AtlantaGA30332 United States Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program GWW School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology North Avenue AtlantaGA30332 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605956916

Radiation effect in carbon fiber-filled polyethylene composites are of importance in space and aircraft applications. A two-fold approach is employed to study radiation effects in carbon nanotube polyethylene as the exemplar. First, a radiation transport model is created with a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) as thin carbon slab superimposed on a slab of medium-density polyethylene matrix. Different weight fractions of SWCNT are examined and compared with an integrated model for the shielding abilities of galactic cosmic radiation. Second, molecular dynamics simulation with bond-order force field are conducted for 350 eV carbon recoil cascade simulation. Preliminary results discuss the effect of SWCNT on the radiation damage of crystalline polyethylene. Transport simulation demonstrate the efficacy of the slab model in predicting the shielding abilities and concluded that the dose increases with increasing SWCNT filler. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that adding SWCNT enhances the radiation resistance with fewer free molecules produced. © 2023 by DEStech Publications, Inc. and American Society for Composites. All rights reserved.

关键词： Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN)

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Stepwise Pyrolysis by LBCR Downstream to Enhance of Gasoline Fraction of Liquid Fuel from MMSW

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Energy engineering 2022年第3期119卷 1169-1178页

作者： Indra Mamad Gandidi Edy Suryadi Efri Mardawati Dwi Rustam Kendarto Nugroho Agung Pambudi Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Universitas Pendidikan IndonesiaBandung40154Indonesia Postgraduate Student of Doctoral Program Faculty Agroindustrial TechnologyUniversitas PadjadjaranJatinangor45363Indonesia Faculty Agroindustrial Technology Universitas PadjadjaranJatinangor45363Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Universitas Sebelas MaretSurakarta57126Indonesia

Pyrolysis is one of the thermal cracking methods to convert hydrocarbon to liquid *** quantity and quality of the process are dependent on several condition including temperature,reaction time,catalyst,and the type of ***,a gasoline fraction was maximum product to be considered in the pyrolisis ***,this study aims to increase the gasoline fraction in liquid fuel using stepwise pyrolysis with a long bed catalytic reactor downstream(LBCR).The LBCR downstream was equipped with the top and bottom outlet and the fed source was mixed municipal solid waste(MMSW).The activated natural dolomite at 500℃ was used to allow the repetition of the secondary ***,the reactor temperature was setup at around 200℃-300℃ and the pyrolizer was 400℃.To analyze the gasoline fraction and physical properties of liquid fuel,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy(GC-MS)and ASTM standard were *** experimental results showed there was a significant increase in the gasoline fraction of liquid fuels compared to using direct catalytic cracking and absence of *** using a LBCR at 250℃,the liquid fuel obtained at top outlet(TO)and bottom outlet(BO)have 84.08 and 56.94 percent peak area of gasoline fraction(C5-C12),*** average value(TO and BO)of the fraction at 250℃ by LBCR was 70.51 percent peak area and it was increased by about 93.6%and 51.14%compared to without catalyst and direct catalytic,***,pyrolytic liquid oils were found to have kinematic viscosity of 2.979 and 0.789 cSt,density of 0.781 and 0.782 g/cm^(3),and flash point<−5℃ for BO-250 and TO-250 liquid fuel,*** results showed BO liquid fuel was comparable to diesel conventional fuel while TO liquid fuel was comparable to ***,the presence of LBCR made a major contribution to generate multi secondary cracking and to produce more gasoline fraction from mixed MMSW feedstock,as well as to increase the physical properties of l

关键词： Liquid fuel gasoline fraction LBC MMSW stepwise pyrolysis natural dolomite catalys

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