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Our Role in Solving Global Challenges: An Opinion

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024年第31期146卷 21193-21195页

作者： Carter, Emily A. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics and the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544-5263 United States Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton New Jersey 08540-6655 United States

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Investigation of Power Density Amplification in Stacked Triboelectric Nanogenerators

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第5期7卷 368-375页

作者： Fan Shen Qin Zhang Hengyu Guo Chen Cao Ying Gong Junlei Wang Yan Peng Zhongjie Li School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Applied Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Future TechnologyShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai 200232China

In engineering practice,the output performance of contact separation TENGs(CS-TENGs)increases with the increase of tribo-pair area,which includes increasing the size of single layer CS-TENGs(SCS-TENGs)or the number of units(zigzag TENGs).However,such two strategies show significant differences in output power and power *** this study,to seek a universal CS-TENG design solution,the output performance of a SCS-TENG and a zigzag TENG(Z-TENG)is systematically compared,including voltage,current,transferred charge,instantaneous power density,and charging power *** relationship between contact area and output voltages is explored,and the output voltage equation is *** experimental results reveal that SCS-TENGs yield better performance than Z-TENGs in terms of voltage,power,and power density under the same total contact area.Z-TENGs show energy loss during the transfer of mechanical energy,and such loss is aggravated by the increasing number of *** instantaneous peak power of the SCS-TENG is up to 22 times that of the Z-TENG(45 cm^(2)).Furthermore,the power density of capacitor charging of SCS-TENGs is 131%of that of Z-TENGs,which are relatively close.Z-TENG is a feasible alternative when the working space is limited.

关键词： contact separation power density triboelectric nanogenerators zigzag

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High Density 3D Carbon Tube Nanoarray Electrode Boosting the Capacitance of Filter Capacitor

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 242-254页

作者： Gan Chen Fangming Han Huachun Ma Pei Li Ziyan Zhou Pengxiang Wang Xiaoyan Li Guowen Meng Bingqing Wei Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and NanotechnologyInstitute of Solid State PhysicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Mechano‑X Institute Applied Mechanics LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China

Electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)with fast frequency response are regarded as small-scale alternatives to the commercial bulky aluminum electrolytic *** carbon-based nanoarray electrodes with precise alignment and smooth ion channels is crucial for enhancing EDLCs’***,controlling the density of macropore-dominated nanoarray electrodes poses challenges in boosting the capacitance of line-filtering ***,a simple technique to finely adjust the vertical-pore diameter and inter-spacing in three-dimensional nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide(3D-AAO)template is achieved,and 3D compactly arranged carbon tube(3D-CACT)nanoarrays are created as electrodes for symmetrical EDLCs using nanoporous 3D-AAO template-assisted chemical vapor deposition of *** 3D-CACT electrodes demonstrate a high surface area of 253.0 m^(2) g^(−1),a D/G band intensity ratio of 0.94,and a C/O atomic ratio of *** a result,the high-density 3D-CT nanoarray-based sandwich-type EDLCs demonstrate a record high specific areal capacitance of 3.23 mF cm^(-2) at 120 Hz and exceptional fast frequency response due to the vertically aligned and highly ordered nanoarray of closely packed CT *** 3D-CT nanoarray electrode-based EDLCs could serve as line filters in integrated circuits,aiding power system miniaturization.

关键词： Compactly arranged Three-dimensional carbon tube nanoarray Dimensional carbon tube nanoarray Fast frequency response Electric double-layer capacitors Layer capacitors AC line-filtering Filtering

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Hybrid fs/ps CARS for non-equilibrium temperature measurements in N2/H2 DC glow discharges

Hybrid fs/ps CARS for non-equilibrium temperature measuremen...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Chang, Ziqiao Liu, Ning Xu, Yijie Chen, Timothy Y. Sun, Zijian Ju, Yiguang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Applied Materials Inc Santa ClaraCA95054 United States Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory PrincetonNJ08540 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

This manuscript presents the development of a hybrid fs/ps coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering system for rotational and vibrational temperatures measurements in a non-equilibrium N2/H2 DC plasma. A simple 3-beam configuration is used to simultaneously excite both the pure-rotational and rovibrational Raman transitions of the N2 molecule. Vibrational population distributions of Ns(v) up to v= 9 are measured in both pure N2 and N2/H2 DC discharges. Strong vibrational non-equilibrium is observed at both the anode and cathode. The results show that the anode has a stronger non-Boltzmann N2(v) distribution. The addition of H2 reduces the vibrationally excited N2(v) population and increases the gas temperature. These results provide insights into the vibration-vibration (V-V′) energy transfer and vibrational-translational (V-T) relaxation of N2(v) by H2 in DC discharges. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

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Strategies to enhance hydrogen storage performances in bulk Mg-based hydrides

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第22期153卷 139-158页

作者： Xin F.Tan Manjin Kim Kazuhiro Yasuda Kazuhiro Nogita School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering Kyushu UniversityFukuoka 819-0395Japan John de Laeter Centre Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia

Bulk Mg-based hydrogen storage materials have the potential to provide a low-cost solution to diversify energy storage and *** to nano powders which require handling and processing under hydrogen or an inert gas atmosphere,bulk Mg-based alloys are safer and are more oxidation *** methods and existing infrastructures can be used to process and handle these ***,bulk Mg alloys have smaller specific surface areas,resulting in slower hydrogen sorp-tion kinetics,higher equilibrium temperatures,and enthalpies of hydride *** work reviews the effects of the additions of a list of alloying elements and the use of innovative processing meth-ods,e.g.,rapid solidification and severe plastic deformation processes,to overcome these *** challenges,advantages,and weaknesses of each method and future perspectives for the development of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials are discussed.

关键词： Hydrogen storage Metal hydrides Mg alloys Mg hydrides

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Enhanced Hoek-Brown(H-B)criterion for rocks exposed to chemical corrosion

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第5期34卷 609-630页

作者： Hao Li Leo Pel Zhenjiang You David Smeulders Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands Center for Sustainable Energy and Resources School of EngineeringEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Gas and Energy Transition Research Centre The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Underground constructions often encounter water environments,where water–rock interaction can increase porosity,thereby weakening engineering ***,the failure criterion for chemically corroded rocks becomes essential in the stability analysis and design of such *** study enhances the applicability of the Hoek-Brown(H-B)criterion for engineering structures operating in chemically corrosive conditions by introducing a kinetic porosity-dependent instantaneous mi(KPIM).A multiscale experimental investigation,including nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),pH and ion chromatography analysis,and triaxial compression tests,is employed to quantify pore structural changes and their linkage with the strength responses of limestone under coupled chemical-mechanical(C-M)*** employing ion chromatography and NMR analysis,along with incorporating the principles of free-face dissolution theory accounting for both congruent and incongruent dissolution,a kinetic chemical corrosion model is *** model aims to calculate the kinetic porosity alterations within rocks exposed to varying H+concentrations and ***,utilizing the generalized mixture rule(GMR),the kinetic porositydependent mi is *** of the KPIM-enhanced H-B criterion using compression test data from 5 types of rocks demonstrated a high level of consistency between the criterion and the experimental results,with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.96,a mean absolute percentage error less than 4.84%,and a root-mean-square deviation less than 5.95 ***,the physical significance of the porosity-dependent instantaneous mi is clarified:it serves as an indicator of a rock’s capacity to leverage the confining pressure effect.

关键词： Hoek-Brown(H-B)criterion Instantaneous mi Kinetic porosity-dependency Chemical corrosion Compressive strength

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Closure equation and higher-order moment relations in the Gauss-Hermite lattice Boltzmann method

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Physical Review E 2024年第5期110卷 055301页

作者： Mahyar Madadi Joseph T. Johnson Yong Shi John E. Sader Department of Materials Physics Research School of Physics School of Mathematics and Statistics The Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering Graduate Aerospace Laboratories and Department of Applied Physics

Moment methods are often used to solve transport problems involving the Boltzmann-BGK equation. Because the moment equations are underdetermined, these methods require an additional "closure equation" that relates higher to lower-order moments. Here, we examine the closure equation and higher-order moment relations implicit in the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) that use Gauss-Hermite quadrature for their discrete velocity sets. It is shown that the discrete-velocity-set itself defines the closure equation and higher-order moment relations, the precise forms of which are yet to be reported. The general formula we present facilitates the efficient computational evaluation of higher-order moments and provides insight into the operation of LBM that is anticipated to be useful in theoretical analyses of its performance. Derived formulas for two different velocity sets are validated against numerical implementations of the LBM for steady Couette flow.

关键词： Lattice-Boltzmann methods

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Efficiency of Eggshell Waste as a Metal Corrosion Inhibitor SS316L Based on Green Technology in Seawater Media 1

Efficiency of Eggshell Waste as a Metal Corrosion Inhibitor ...

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1st engineering and Science International Conference 2024, ESIC 2024

作者： Alfattah, M. Arwati, I.G.A. Arramel Afkauni, A.A. Yofatama, R.M. Mechanical Engineering Program Engineering Faculty Mercu Buana University Jakarta Indonesia Center of Excellence Applied Physics and Chemistry Nano Center Indonesia Tangerang Indonesia Main Secretariat National Research and Innovation Agency Tangerang Indonesia

Utilizing eco-friendly inhibitors offers an effective approach to combat pipe corrosion, as focus has increasingly turned towards options that are cost-effective, environmentally benign. The research investigates the application of waste from domestic chicken eggshells as a corrosion inhibitor. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness, morphology, and chemical properties of 316L stainless steel when treated with these eggshell-based inhibitors. The study employed several techniques, including EPD coating, potentiodynamic polarization, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy in seawater. The findings indicated that the lowest corrosion rate was observed in specimens treated with a 14g inhibitor concentration, with an average rate of 6.24883x10-4 mmpy with the efficiency 96.09%. Analysis SEM revealed that the sample without any inhibitors exhibited numerous small cavities on its surface. In contrast, the sample with a 14g inhibitor concentration showed a reduction in these cavities and a darker surface appearance due to the presence of a layer of adsorbed eggshell powder. Raman spectroscopy of the samples treated with 14 grams of eggshell powder, the final product of corrosion has disappeared, but there is still a α-FeOOH feature and its intensity is greatly reduced. drastic. This signifies that the use of an eggshell coating has effectively prevented corrosion. © 2025 Institute of physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Seawater corrosion

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Variational solution to the lattice Boltzmann method for Couette flow

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Physical Review E 2024年第5期109卷 055305-055305页

作者： Joseph T. Johnson Mahyar Madadi Daniel R. Ladiges Yong Shi Barry D. Hughes John E. Sader School of Mathematics and Statistics Department of Materials Physics Research School of Physics Center for Computational Sciences and Engineering Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering Graduate Aerospace Laboratories and Department of Applied Physics

Literature studies of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) demonstrate hydrodynamics beyond the continuum limit. This includes exact analytical solutions to the LBM, for the bulk velocity and shear stress of Couette flow under diffuse reflection at the walls through the solution of equivalent moment equations. We prove that the bulk velocity and shear stress of Couette flow with Maxwell-type boundary conditions at the walls, as specified by two-dimensional isothermal lattice Boltzmann models, are inherently linear in Mach number. Our finding enables a systematic variational approach to be formulated that exhibits superior computational efficiency than the previously reported moment method. Specifically, the number of partial differential equations (PDEs) in the variational method grows linearly with quadrature order while the number of moment method PDEs grows quadratically. The variational method directly yields a system of linear PDEs that provide exact analytical solutions to the LBM bulk velocity field and shear stress for Couette flow with Maxwell-type boundary conditions. It is anticipated that this variational approach will find utility in calculating analytical solutions for novel lattice Boltzmann quadrature schemes and other flows.

关键词： Rarefied flows Boltzmann theory Lattice-Boltzmann methods

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EXPLOITING A TRANSFORMER ARCHITECTURE FOR SIMULTANEOUS DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSITION AND TURBULENCE MODELS FOR TURBINE FLOW PREDICTIONS 69

EXPLOITING A TRANSFORMER ARCHITECTURE FOR SIMULTANEOUS DEVEL...

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69th ASME Turbo Expo 2024: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2024

作者： Fang, Yuan Reissmann, Maximilian Pacciani, Roberto Zhao, Yaomin Ooi, Andrew S.H. Marconcini, Michele Akolekar, Harshal D. Sandberg, Richard D. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Melbourne VIC3010 Australia Department of Industrial Engineering University of Florence Florence50139 Italy Center for Applied Physics and Technology HEDPS College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Mechanical Engineering School of AI & Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur324030 India

ISBN: (纸本)9780791888070

Previous studies have shown the potential of using a multi-objective CFD (computational fluid dynamics) - driven machine-learning approach to train both transition and turbulence models in RANS (Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes) calculations for improved turbine flow predictions (Akolekar et al., GT2022-81091;Fang et al., GT2023-102902). However, conducting CFD-driven training incurs a high computational cost as thousands of RANS calculations are required if the starting guesses are taken from an initial population of randomly generated models. This paper, for the first time, adopts a transformer technique, belonging to the class of natural language processing models, in gene expression programming (GEP), to expedite the training process for transition and turbulence models. The efficacy of utilizing the transformer is investigated for two scenarios. In one, we introduce previously trained models to randomly generated ones in the initial population of candidate models, facilitating the generation of models with a higher likelihood of achieving lower cost function values from the outset. In the other scenario, assuming that no suitable information is available from pre-training, a dynamic approach is employed at certain training iterations, where models exhibiting significant errors are excluded and replaced by those trained on the fly by the transformer and demonstrating smaller errors. Additionally, we incorporate mathematical operators such as minimum, maximum, and exponential functions, along with a technique called a rolling window, to avoid nested functions in the trained models. This enhances the flexibility in constructing trained models while still allowing us to delve into the underlying physics and provide recommendations for developing physical models. Finally, we also introduce two additional physical features that serve as training inputs for the turbulence model that contribute to smaller errors. With these enhancements to the previous GEP framework, mo

关键词： Exponential functions

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