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Comparison of Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques for High-Resolution Imaging of Sponge Spicule Cross-Sections

Comparison of Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques for Hig...

Symposium on Natural Fibers and Biocomposites: A Sustainable Solution, 2025, held as part of the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2025

作者： Tavangarian, Fariborz Fani, Niloofar Monfared, Armaghan Hashemi Sadeghzade, Sorour Mechanical Engineering Program School of Science Engineering and Technology Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg MiddletownPA17057 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University State College University ParkPA16802 United States School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou310024 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031811890

This study comprehensively investigates the effectiveness of three advanced sample preparation techniques—ion milling, laser cuttingLaser-based techniques, and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling—for high-resolution imaging of Euplectella aspergillum sponge fibers called spicules. Primarily composed of silica layers with nanometer-scale organic interlayers, spicules possess complex hierarchical structures which are critical for their mechanical propertiesmechanical property. Accurate characterizationCharacterization of these structures requires advanced sample preparation to prevent artefacts and preserve structural integrity. Ion milling introduced significant surface degradation and uneven material removal in spicules. Despite its precision, laser cutting caused thermal damage and induced micro-cracks, compromising the microstructural integrity. In contrast, FIB milling provided superior results, producing smooth, artefact-free cross-sections with minimal thermal and mechanical stress. The real-time imaging capability of FIB milling further ensured optimal sample preparation, making it the most suitable technique for delicate biological materials like spicules. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the preparation of biological samples for further research and analysis. © The Minerals, Metals & materials Society 2025.

关键词： Milling (machining)

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3D/4D additive-subtractive manufacturing of heterogeneous ceramics

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2024年第34期201卷 210-221页

作者： Guo Liu Xinya Lu Xiaofeng Zhang Yan Zhao Shenghui Yi Jingjun Xu Yuqi Zhan Jianan Yin Chengcheng Feng Zhifeng Zhou Peiyu Wang Zhou Chen Yunhu He Siyao Chen Pengchao Liu Jun Zuo Yu Dai Jian Wu Sida Liu Jian Lu Centre for Advanced Structural Materials City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteGreater Bay Joint DivisionShenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceShenzhen 518057China CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute Shenzhen 518045China Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Materials Surface Engineering Technology&The Key Lab of Guangdong for Modern Surface Engineering Technology Institute of New MaterialsGuangdong Academy of ScienceGuangzhou 510650China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body College of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Faculty of Materials Science Shenzhen MSU-BIT UniversityShenzhen 518100China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Physics and Materials Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China

The manufacturing of heterogeneous high-temperature material components is challenging for use in practical ***-dimensional(3D)printing provides solutions to programmable constructing ceramic ***,the development of heterogeneous ceramics is limited by low flexibil-ity of heterogeneity,geometrical complexity,structural resolution,manufacturing efficiency,and mate-rial *** this study,we demonstrated flexible and rapid approaches for fabricating complicated and precise heterogeneous ceramics by shape-changing(4D)or shape-keeping(3D)additive-subtractive manufacturing(ASM)*** shape-changing strategy for heterogeneous ceramics was achieved by global ceramization of heterogeneous precursors,while the shape-keeping strategy for heterogeneous ceramics was achieved by local receramization of homogeneous *** element analysis(FEA)simulations of the influence of the thermal shrinkage dominant in the shape-changing strategy on the shape deformation of heterogeneous ceramics could be valuable predictions of the experimental *** 3D/4D ASM methods are generic for high-temperature materials and extendable to metallic and dia-mond materials.

关键词： 3D/4D printing Additive-subtractive manufacturing Heterogeneous ceramics Elastomer-derived ceramics Local receramization

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Extremely large water droplet impact onto a deep liquid pool

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Physical Review E 2024年第4期109卷 045107-045107页

作者： Sandip Dighe Dilip Kumar Maity Jeffrey N. Fonnesbeck Som Dutta Tadd Truscott Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA

Most studies of droplet impact on liquid pools focus on droplet diameters up to the capillary length (0.27 cm). We break from convention and study extremely large water droplets (1 to 6 cm diameter) falling into a pool of water. We demonstrate that the depth and width of the cavity formed by large droplet impact is greatly influenced by the deformed shape of the droplet at impact (i.e., prolate, spherical, and oblate), and larger droplets amplify this behavior by flattening before impact. In particular, the maximum cavity depth is a function of the Froude number and axis ratio of the droplet just before impact. Further, the cavity depth is more dependent on the droplet height than width, and the maximum cavity diameter is independent of the droplet height. In general, we observe that more oblate droplets result in decreasing cavity depths for a fixed liquid volume. This is because an increase in horizontal droplet diameter results in a reduced impact energy flux and therefore reduced cavity depth.

关键词： Capillary interactions Drop breakup Drops & bubbles Thin fluid films Wakes & jets Water

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Influence of Monstera riedrichsthalii bionic textures on the tribological and vibration behavior of rolling bearings

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Friction 2025年第3期13卷 153-170页

作者： Risheng Long Qingyu Shang Shaoni Sun Siwei Wang Chi Ma Jianwei Zhang Max Marian Equipment Reliability Institute Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang 110142China Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient Chemical Mixing Technology Shenyang 110142China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110089China China–Spain Joint Laboratory on Material Science Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang 110142China Department of Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileMacul 690411Chile Institute of Machine Design and Tribology(IMKT) Leibniz University HannoverAn der Universität 1Garbsen 30823Germany

Surface texturing has been proven to be an effective method for improving the lubrication characteristics and tribological behavior of tribo-pairs under various operating *** by the unique Swiss cheese-like leaves of Monstera riedrichsthalii,eight bionic texture patterns were *** influence of vein features,such as costal vein angles(45°and 60°),vein symmetry(symmetric,asymmetric),and elliptical holes,on the tribological and vibration characteristics of rolling bearings was investigated under starved lubrication through a wear test rig and time‒frequency domain vibration signal *** results show that the average coefficients of friction and wear losses of the Monstera riedrichsthalii bionictextured groups are generally lower than those of the smooth *** amplitudes and parameters(i.e.,peak value,root mean square(RMS),and crest factor)of the time-domain vibration signals of the textured groups are greater than those of the smooth group in the early stages,but the vibration parameters of most textured groups are lower than those of the smooth bearings in the later stages,especially those of the groups with elliptical *** amplitudes and power spectral density(PSD)curves of the frequency-domain vibration signals exhibit similar variations to those of the time-domain *** with the smooth reference,the Monstera riedrichsthalii bionictextured group with a combination of 45°secondary-vein angle,asymmetry,and elliptic holes can provide excellent tribological and vibration *** well-lubricating period,average coefficient of friction(CoF),and mass loss can be effectively prolonged or reduced by 37.4%,7.3%,and 43.9%,respectively.

关键词： rolling bearings Monstera riedrichsthalii bionic textures tribological and vibration behavior starved lubrication

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A motion-level-aware denoising framework for x-ray fluoroscopic images

A motion-level-aware denoising framework for x-ray fluorosco...

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Medical Imaging 2023: Physics of Medical Imaging

作者： Jo, Geonhui Jang, Minhee Jeon, Sun-Young Kim, Wonjin Choi, Jang-Hwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781510660311

Fluoroscopy in a low-dose tube output is used to reduce the damage associated with radiation exposure. However, lowering the radiation dose inevitably increases random noise in x-ray images, resulting in poor diagnostic image quality, which requires noise reduction for accurate diagnosis. Also, in the case of non-static objects, the image is blurred due to motion. The most-used denoiser with a recursive filter (RF) preserves details well when applied to temporal data, but it is vulnerable to motion blur. Existing convolutional neural network (CNN)-based algorithms with single-frame input cannot use the temporary context, and others with multi-frame input are good for motion detection but poor for detail preservation. Therefore, we propose a motion-level-aware denoising framework to combine the results of RF- and CNN-based algorithms depending on the pixel-wise magnitude of motion to complement each other. The data we use are fluoroscopy images taken in continuous time, and we aim at many-to-one so that one frame is denoised by considering sequential frames. Also, since both RF- and CNN-based algorithms used in our architecture are many-to-one methods, they can consider spatiotemporal information. In the multi-frame input, the difference in intensity of each pixel between frames is calculated to obtain a moving map. Depending on the factor value from the moving map, the final image is obtained by reflecting the outputs of the RF- and CNN-based algorithms. If the factor value is high, the pixel intensity of the final image is like the CNN-based output, which is good for motion detection, and vice versa, it more reflects the intensity of RF output, which is excellent in perceptual quality. Therefore, it prevents motion blur and does not over-smooth microdetails, such as bones and muscles. The results show that combining the two outputs together records higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and has better perceptual quality for diagnosis than using only one method. F

关键词： Deep learning

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Hydrogen storage performance and phase transformations in as-cast and extruded Mg-Ni-Gd-Y-Zn-Cu alloys

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2023年第20期151卷 162-177页

作者： Hu Yao Guang Zeng Xin FTan Qinfen Gu Kazuhiro Nogita Jing Guo Qian Li School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Nihon Superior Centre for the Manufacture of Electronic Materials(NS CMEM) School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Australian Synchrotron ANSTO.800 Blackburn RdClaytonVIC 3168Australia Hunan Baohuifeng New Material Science&Technology Co. Ltd.HuaihuaChangsha 418000China National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys&College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels&Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy&School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Thermal-mechanical processing of magnesium-based materials is an effective method to tailor the hydrogen storage *** this study,Mg-Ni-Gd-Y-Zn-Cu alloys were prepared by Direct Chill(DC)casting,with and without extrusion *** influences of microstructure evolution,introduced by DC casting and thermal-mechanical processing,on the hydrogen storage performance of Mg-Ni-Gd-Y-ZnCu alloys were comprehensively explored,using analytical electron microscopy and in-situ synchrotron powder X-ray *** result shows that the extruded alloy yields higher hydrogen absorption capacity and faster hydrogen ab/desorption *** subjected to extrusion processing,theα-Mg grains in the microstructure were significantly refined and a large number of 14H type long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phases appeared on theα-Mg *** activation,there were more nanosized Gd hydride/Mg2Ni intermetallics and finer *** modifications synergistically enhance the hydrogen storage *** findings have implications for the alloy design and manufacturing of magnesiumbased hydrogen storage materials with the advantages of rapid mass production and anti-oxidation.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Hydrogen storage performance Nanosized hydride Grain refinement Synchrotron X-ray diffraction Long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase

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Scale-dependent behavior of microstructure characteristics of laser powder bed fused TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第9期212卷 158-172页

作者： Zhe Feng Geng Wang Yongxia Wang Mingji Dang Wei Fan Hua Tan Zhiwei Hao Siyu Zhang Yuguang Chen Yijie Peng Tianchi Zhang Shuoqing Shi Xufei Lu Fengying Zhang Xin Lin Weidong Huang State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Key Laboratory of Metal High Performance Additive Manufacturing and Innovative Design MIIT ChinaNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing Equipment Beijing 100854China Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering Polytechnical University of CataloniaBarcelonaSpain School of Material Science and Engineering Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China

The pre-alloyed TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite,a new high-strength aluminum alloy developed for laser pow-der bed fusion(LPBF)technology,offers promising applications in lightweight and multi-scaled ***,thermal behavior during LPBF is markedly scale-dependent,leading to microstructural varia-tions that significantly affect the load-bearing capacity of multi-scaled ***,this study systematically investigates the scale-dependent behavior of microstructure characteristics of this *** a hatching scanning strategy,it was found that the marginal zones of samples are pre-dominantly composed of coarse Al cell and Al grain structures,contrasting with the fine microstructures in the central *** increasing structure scale,cell and grain structures in both the marginal and central zones become more refined,with cell sizes reducing by 49％-72％(～3.02 μm → 0.86-1.55 μm).Particularly,the minimum-scaled structures also feature broken eutectic Si particles and *** essence is primarily due to the low heat dissipation with higher peak temperature and longer duration time at high temperatures in both the small-scale structures and marginal ***,smaller structures correlate with reduced microhardness and tensile strength,accompanied by the"softening"of the marginal *** strength of the minimum-scaled structure is only half that of the standard *** findings suggest a scale threshold of 2.0 mm for researching scale ***,in-corporating additional contour scanning significantly counteracts the adverse influence of the scale *** to the combined influence of extended inter-layer time and laser remelting,all samples demon-strate a distinctly refined *** results in consistently high levels of microhardness and strength,with the"hardening"of the marginal ***,the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure sizes is *** study provide

关键词： Scale-dependent behavior Microstructure characteristics Scanning strategy Laser powder bed fusion

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In-situ embedding CoTe catalyst into 1D-2D nitrogen-doped carbon to didirectionally regulate lithium-sulfur batteries

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Nano Research 2022年第10期15卷 8972-8982页

作者： Bin Li Peng Wang Baojuan Xi Ning Song Xuguang An Weihua Chen Jinkui Feng Shenglin Xiong Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan 250100China Key Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering of Education School of Mechanical EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have been widely investigated attributed to their advantages of high energy density and cost ***,it is still limited by the uncontrolled shuttle effect of the sulfur cathode and the promiscuous dendrite growth over the lithium *** handle the above issues,the highly conductive CoTe catalyst is precisely loaded onto nitrogendoped nanotube and graphene-like carbon(CoTe NCGs),which is employed as a bi-functionally integrated *** the lithium anode,the CoTe NCGs with excellent lithiophilic property effectively regulate the uniform deposition of lithium and achieve the effect of suppressing the disorderly growth of lithium *** the sulfur cathode,the electrochemical conversion of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)is catalyzed to mitigate the notorious shuttle *** view of the bifunctionality of CoTe NCGs,the assembled full cell can be steadily stable even for 800 cycles at a high rate of 2 C,and the capacity decay rate is only 0.05%per *** areal capacity of 6.0 mAh·cm^(−2) is well retained after 50 cycles under the conditions of high sulfur loading,poor electrolyte(a low electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio,E/S=4.2),and low negative to positive capacity ratio(N/P=1.6:1).

关键词： CoTe nanocrystals dual-functional shuttling effect lithium dendrite Li-S batteries

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Effects of disk size and position on material removal characteristic on double-sided polishing 8

Effects of disk size and position on material removal charac...

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8th International Conference on Speckle Metrology, Speckle 2023

作者： Huang, Siling Guo, Hailin Zhao, Shiyan Zhang, Xu Xia, Chaoxiang Zhao, Shijie Wang, Dasen Inner Mongolia Metal Material Research Institute Inner Mongolia Baotou014030 China School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310056 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing210094 China Research Center of Laser Fusion China Academy of Engineering Physics Sichuan Mianyang621900 China

ISBN: (数字)9781510674592

ISBN: (纸本)9781510674585

Using the method of double-sided polishing with oscillating and rotating upper disk, we have investigated the material removal behavior of flat fused silica. It is suggested that the material removal characteristics of the optics depend on the positon and size of the upper polishing disk. Measurements together with the kinematic model results show that the effect of the swing position and size of upper polishing disk similar to sub-aperture polishing, leading to the non-uniformity distribution of the material removal on the surface of the optic component. the surface figure errors of 0.5 wavelengths is achieved after polishing process. The efficiency and quality of double-sided polishing can be improved through changing polishing disk and swing position according to this study. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Fused silica

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Efficient Numerical Scheme for Solving Large System of Nonlinear Equations

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Computers, materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5331-5347页

作者： Mudassir Shams Nasreen Kausar Shams Forruque Ahmed Irfan Anjum Badruddin Syed Javed Department of Mathematics and Statistics Riphah International UniversityI-14Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Yildiz Technical UniversityFaculty of Arts and ScienceEsenler34210IstanbulTurkey Science and Math Program Asian University for WomenChattogramBangladesh Mechanical Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

A fifth-order family of an iterative method for solving systems of nonlinear equations and highly nonlinear boundary value problems has been developed in this *** analysis demonstrates that the local order of convergence of the numerical method is *** computer algebra system CAS-Maple,Mathematica,or MATLAB was the primary tool for dealing with difficult problems since it allows for the handling and manipulation of complex mathematical equations and other mathematical *** numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the properties of the proposed rapidly convergent algorithms.A dynamic evaluation of the presented methods is also presented utilizing basins of attraction to analyze their convergence *** from visualizing iterative processes,this methodology provides useful information on iterations,such as the number of diverging-converging points and the average number of iterations as a function of initial *** numerous highly nonlinear boundary value problems and large nonlinear systems of equations of higher dimensions demonstrate the performance,efficiency,precision,and applicability of a newly presented technique.

关键词： Nonlinear equations convergence order boundary value problem computational time basins of attraction converging points

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