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Microwaved-induced co-pyrolysis of used engine lubricant and palm empty fruit bunch for alternative fuel recovery

Carbon Resources Conversion 2025年第1期8卷 35-45页

作者： Nivasini Paramasivam Rubia Idris Chooi Wen Tan William Woei Fong Chong Guo Ren Mong Jahimin A.Asik Atikah Ali Nur Wahida Fatini Aidy Fadzlita Mohd Tamiri Siti Rahayu Mohd Hashim Cheng Tung Chong Waste-to-wealth Research Group Faculty of Science and Natural ResourcesUniversiti Malaysia SabahJalan UMS88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia School of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia Automotive Development Centre Institute for Vehicle Systems and EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaJalan SunsuriaBandar Sunsuria43900 SepangSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Mechanical Engineering ProgramUniversiti Malaysia SabahJalan UMS88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia China-UK Low Carbon College Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityLingangShanghai 201306China

Alternative fuel recovery from used engine lubricant(UEL)and empty fruit bunch(EFB)was achieved through microwave ***-pyrolysis was chosen for its potential to improve the quality of pyrolytic oil by generating synergistic effects between two distinct feedstocks,reducing activation energy,and enhancing pyrolytic oil *** central composite design(CCD)of response surface methodology(RSM)was used to optimise the temperature and EFB *** absorption spectrometry(AAS)was employed to characterise the heavy metal concentration in the pyrolytic *** optimised pyrolytic oil(UE450)produced the highest oil yield(25.17 wt%)with the lowest metal concentration at 450℃with a 50%EFB *** fuel’s characteristics were similar to those of conventional diesel,with a higher value of HHV(45.17 MJ/kg).However,the oil was slightly acidic,with a pH of ***-MS analysis of UE450 revealed the presence of alkanes and monoaromatic-rich ***,the UE450 biochar was characterised using FTIR,FESEM,and *** analysis showed that the carbonyl group(C=O)peaks at 1730 and 1440 cm^(-1)disappeared,indicating that heavy metals were bound to the biochar ***,XRF analysis of UE450 biochar revealed that zinc(Zn)exhibited a high metal adsorption capacity,following the sequence Zn>Fe>Pb(1.96,1.06,and 0.81 mmol/g).The XRF results also indicated a significant removal of SO_(3)at approximately 10.37 mmol/g.

关键词： Used engine lubricant Empty fruit bunch Co-pyrolysis Metal removal Sulphur trioxide

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Multiscale, Multimodal Characterization of Recrystallized and Non-recrystallized Grains During Recrystallization in a Hot-Compressed Mg–3.2Zn–0.1Ca wt.% Alloy

Multiscale, Multimodal Characterization of Recrystallized an...

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Magnesium Technology Symposium held during the 152nd TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2023

作者： Lee, Sangwon Berman, Tracy Yildirim, Can Detlefs, Carsten Allison, John Bucsek, Ashley Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Material Science Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)9783031226458

High-strength, lightweight magnesium (Mg) alloys have substantial potential for reducing the weight of automobiles and other transportation systems and thus for improving fuel economy and reducing emissions. However, the strong crystallographic texture of rolled Mg sheet leads to poor formability and anisotropy. In specific non-rare earth Mg alloys, annealing can be used to desirably weaken the texture. Here, we present a multiscale in-situ study on the recovery and recrystallization of an 80% hot-compressed Mg–3.2Zn–0.1Ca wt% (ZX30) alloy using high-resolution 3D X-ray diffraction microscopy (HR-3DXRD) and dark field X-ray microscopy (DFXM). We track more than 8000 non-recrystallized grains during annealing. Relative changes in crystallographic orientation and volume of each recrystallized and non-recrystallized grain are measured as a function of annealing time. Finally, local strain and orientation are measured in the interior of the specific grains with a spatial resolution of 77 nm. © The Minerals, Metals & materials Society 2023.

关键词： X ray diffraction

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Ultrasonic online monitoring method of internal defects in metal additive manufacturing

e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing

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e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing 2025年第3期30卷

作者： Jiang, Linzhao Zhang, Jun Yan, Jingli Ding, Hui School of Material Science and Engineering Southeast University China School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University China

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology enables the direct fabrication of components, but the formation of internal defects remains a significant challenge, constraining the high-quality production of critical components. Online monitoring of internal defect formation during the manufacturing process is crucial for ensuring quality control and advancing the practical application of AM products. In this study, we propose an online ultrasonic monitoring method that employs piezoelectric sensors at the bottom to generate excitation ultrasonic signals and constructs a scanning array on the surface using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). This approach enables the timely acquisition of effective ultrasonic signals across varying printing layer thicknesses during the printing process while mitigating interference from structural waves. In order to solve the problems of high ultrasonic attenuation and low signal-to-noise ratio caused by additive samples, we simulated the interaction between ultrasound and defects using the finite element method. Effective defect characteristic signals were selected and applied to the proposed signal classification and focusing imaging algorithm, achieving the extraction and reconstruction of defect signals. The detection ability of this method for defects at different printing layers was verified by detecting SLM additive samples containing pre fabricated internal defects and imaging defects in the region of interest. The results indicate that the proposed method can obtain high signal-to-noise ratio imaging of defects with different depths and a minimum size of φ0.5mm. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Laser Doppler velocimeters

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Self-assemble Mechanism of Nickel Nanobelts Prepared by Sol-precipitation and Thermal Decomposition Route

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(materials science) 2022年第2期37卷 206-211页

作者： LI Tao CHEN Jian MA Guohua Department of Materials Engineering School of Mechanical EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Zigong 643000China Analysis and Testing Center Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China

Using the idea of material design and the design of reaction system and conditions,quasi-one-dimensional nano-materials with ribbon-like structure were successfully *** tartrate nanobelts were prepared by a sol-precipitation route,using nickel chloride hexahydrate and tartaric acid as raw materials,and using ammonium hydroxide as pH value *** nanobelts with smooth surface were prepared by a thermal-decomposition route at about 355℃for about 30 minutes,in CO_(2) atmosphere,using nickel tartrate nanobelts as *** analyses of atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS),organic elemental analyzer(OEA),infrared spectroscopy(IR)and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis)indicate that the products as-prepared is nickel tartrate,which has octahedral configuration of co-ordination of nickel *** images of scanning electron microscopy(SEM)indicate that the morphology of nickel tartrate as-prepared is an obvious belt structure with clear and smooth *** images of SEM also indicate that the nickel nanobelts have clear and smooth *** nickel nanobelts are about tens of micrometers in length,tens of nanometers in thickness,and 100-200 nanometers in width.

关键词： nickel tartrate nickel nanobelts sol-precipitation thermal-decomposition

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Tribology Performance of Silica Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additives in a Reciprocating Four-Stroke Engine Motorcycle

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International Journal of Automotive Technology 2023年第2期24卷 435-444页

作者： Lue, Yeou-Feng Hsiao, Wei-Liang Chen, Yi-Shun Undergraduate Program of Vehicle and Energy Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei10610 Taiwan Department of Industrial Education National Taiwan Normal University Taipei10610 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology Taipei22061 Taiwan

Lubricants, such as any types of greases and oils, are usually used to reduce the effect of friction. However, they also have multifunctions that increase the overall performance and application life. To clarify how lubricants decrease friction and reduce friction-related issues, this study evaluated the performance of specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions (such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter) of motorcycle with nanosilica (nano-SiO2) added to the original lubricant. Lubricants with 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 were evaluated after testing their basic properties and conducting tribology tests. The lubricant with 3.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 was the best candidate for the four-stroke engine motorcycle experiments. The results of the tribology experiment with nano-SiO2 lubricant showed that the abrasion loss corresponding to the 3.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 lubricant decreased by an average of 42.43 %. Overall, the 3.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 lubricant improved the effect of lubrication. The primary focus of the current study was the development of nano-SiO2 lubricant technology for applications in industry environments. © 2023, The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers.

关键词： Tribology

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Advancements in Geopolymer Concrete for Marine Infrastructure: An Optimization of Performance Considering Workability, Compressive Strength, Capillary Water Absorption, Porosity, and Chloride Migration

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Iranian Journal of science and Technology - Transactions of Civil engineering 2024年 1-14页

作者： Shahedan, Noor Fifinatasha Hadibarata, Tony Jusoh, Muhammad Noor Hazwan Isia, Ismallianto Bouaissi, Aissa Juwono, Filbert Hilman Nawawi, Natasha Ahmad Kusumaningrum, Hermin Pancasakti Muslim, Abrar Hidayat, Topik Environment Engineering Program Curtin University Malaysia Miri CDT 250 Malaysia School of Engineering University of Plymouth Plymouth PL4 8AA United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong – Liverpool University Suzhou China School of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam 40450 Malaysia Biotechnology Study Program Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Mathematics Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Biology Study Program Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung Indonesia

This research investigates the effectiveness of geopolymer concrete incorporating fly ash in environments rich in chlorides;in contrast to conventional Portland cement concrete (OPC). The study emphasizes essential characteristics such as workability, mechanical strength, capillary water absorption, open porosity, and chloride migration. The experiments demonstrated that geopolymer concrete exhibits a 30% enhancement in slump values, reflecting improved workability, and its compressive strength rose by 14.90–23.94% when compared with OPC. A significant reduction in binder content led to a notable decrease in capillary water absorption, highlighting a positive impact on long-term durability. With time, geopolymer concrete showed a reduction in open porosity and chloride migration coefficient, indicating better resistance to chloride penetration in marine settings. Although these outcomes underscore the potential of geopolymer concrete to improve structural durability, especially in marine infrastructure, additional optimization is required to tackle its relatively higher capillary water absorption and chloride migration during the initial stages. These results contribute to the ongoing investigation of sustainable building materials, offering valuable insights into geopolymer concrete’s ability to endure severe chloride exposure and serve as a durable solution for corrosion management in marine infrastructure. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shiraz University 2024.

关键词： Durability Geopolymer concrete Marine environments Mix design Sustainable construction

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Improving hydrogen storage thermodynamics and kinetics of Ce-Mg-Ni-based alloy by mechanical milling with TiF_(3)

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1593-1607页

作者： Hongwei Shang Wei Zhang Xin Wei Yaqin Li Zeming Yuan Jun Li Yanghuan Zhang School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Chuzhou UniversityChuzhou 239000China Department of Functional Material Research Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteNo.76 Xueyuannan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan-Obo Multi-Metal Resources Inner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyBaotou 014010China China Rare Earth New Material(Weishan)Co. Ltd.Jining 277600China

Mg-based hydrides are too stable and the kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption is not *** efficient way to improve these shortcomings is to employ reactive ball milling to synthesize the nanocomposite materials of Mg and *** this experiment,TiF_(3)was selected as an additive,and the mechanical milling method was employed to prepare the experimental *** alloys used in this experiment were the as-cast Ce_(5)Mg_(85)Ni_(10),as-milled Ce_(5)Mg_(85)Ni_(10)and Ce_(5)Mg_(85)Ni_(10)+3 wt.%*** phase transformation,structural evolution,isothermal and non-isothermal hydrogenation and dehydrogenation performances of the alloys were inspected by XRD,SEM,TEM,Sievert apparatus,DSC and *** revealed that nanocrystalline appeared in the as-milled *** with the as-cast alloy,ball milling made the particle dimension and grain size decrease dramatically and the defect density increase *** addition of TiF_(3)made the surface of ball milling alloy particles markedly coarser and more *** milling and adding TiF_(3)distinctly improved the activation and kinetics of the ***,ball milling along with TiF_(3)can decrease the onset dehydrogenation temperature of Mg-based hydrides and slightly ameliorate their thermodynamics.

关键词： Mg-based hydrides TiF_(3) Ball milling Thermodynamics Kinetics

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Adulteration Detection of Glycol in Medical Grade Solvents Using the CSRR Loaded Stepped Coplanar Waveguide

Adulteration Detection of Glycol in Medical Grade Solvents U...

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2023 IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference, MAPCON 2023

作者： Kumari, Ankita Azad, Prakrati Kumar, Abhishek Akhtar, M. Jaleel Indian Institue of Teechnology Kanpur Dept. of Electrical Engineering Kanpur India Indian Institue of Teechnology Kanpur Material Science Program Kanpur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328264

This study presents a novel CSRR-loaded stepped-CPW sensor to detect adulteration levels of glycol in medical-grade solvents. The proposed RF system comprising the stepped-CPW resonant sensor and specially designed molded glass capillary tube as a sample holder, is well suited for detecting small levels of adulteration in bio-grade glycerol. The main advantage of the proposed sensor is its strong field confinement in the sensing region, defined in terms of the shift in the resonance frequency resulting from changes in the dielectric constant. It is demonstrated that the two-ring CSRR topology, excited by the stepped-CPW and designed on a 0.8 mm thick FR-4 substrate operating at 8 GHz, provides improved sensitivity and high Q-factor compared to its single-ring counterpart. The proposed sensor is tested to detect the adulteration level of EG in medical glycerol. Various adulteration levels of EG in glycerol can be detected using the proposed device due to a substantial shift in the resonant frequency with even a small change in the adulteration level. This study introduces a comprehensive theoretical framework, including vital factors to be considered during the design phase, and explores the usage of the proposed sensor for quality monitoring of various types of medical-grade fluids. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： CPW CSRR ethylene glycol glycerol sensor

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Structural Damage Detection of Cracked Beams Based on Nonlinear Output Frequency Response Functions and Support Vector Machine

Structural Damage Detection of Cracked Beams Based on Nonlin...

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TEPEN International Workshop on Fault Diagnostics and Prognostics, TEPEN-IWFDP 2024

作者： Zhang, Wenbo Guo, Xiaoyue Zhang, Yunhe Zhu, Yunpeng Zhang, Bo Peng, Zhike School of Mechanical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan750021 China School of Mathematics and Statistics Central South University Changsha410083 China School of Engineering and Material Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai200240 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031734069

The nonlinear output frequency response functions (NOFRFs) are extensions of the frequency response function (FRF) in linear systems to weakly nonlinear systems, have been applied in nonlinear system analysis and structural damage detection. The calculation of NOFRFs of the system is accomplished by solving a series of linear difference or linear differential equations, known as generalized associated linear equations (GALEs). In the present study, taking a beam structure with initial breathing crack damage as an example, the nonlinear differential equation (NDE) model of a beam structure unit represented by a bilinear oscillator is investigated. Meanwhile, the approximate polynomial model of the bilinear oscillator is studied based on the function approximation theory of Weierstrass and the theory of the expansion of the basic function (Legendre polynomial), and then the first four orders of the NOFRFs of the beam structural units in different damage states are obtained by using the theory of the GALEs of the NDE model. Finally, the first four orders of the NOFRFs of the beam structural units in different damage states are obtained by means of the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to train the classification model of the beam structure and its structural damage detection and assessment. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Polynomials

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An investigation of oxidation, hot corrosion, and thermal shock behavior of atmospheric plasma-sprayed YSZ–Al2O3 composite thermal barrier coatings

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International Journal of materials Research 2021年第7期111卷 567-580页

作者： Avci, Ali Eker, Aysegul Akdogan Karabas, Muhammet Department of Mechanical Engineering Yildiz Technical University Istanbul Turkey Material Science and Engineering Department Hakkari University Hakkari Turkey

In the current study, different types of thermal barrier coatings with various mass fractions were investigated in terms of oxidation, hot corrosion, and thermal shock resistance. The thermal barrier coatings consisted of six different samples, which included the usual YSZ, Al2O3, hybrid composites with 65 wt.% YSZ and 35 wt.% Al2O3, 50 wt.% YSZ and 50 wt.% Al2O3, 35 wt.% YSZ and 65 wt.% Al2O3 and the final one, which was a double layer composite (Al2O3 and YSZ). High temperature isothermal oxidation behavior of the coatings was tested at 1 050 8C, using an air furnace for 48 h, 80 h, and 120 h respectively. Hot corrosion tests were applied at 1 050 8C using a 45 wt.% Na2SO4 and 55 wt.% V2O5 mixture of salts. The microstructure and phase stability of coatings were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The usual YSZ showed better hot corrosion and thermal shock resistance, while Al2O3 showed the lowest hot corrosion and oxidation resistance. Thermally grown oxide formation, thermal expansion coefficient mismatch and phase transformation in the thermal barrier coatings could be the main causes of degradation after thermal shock testing. © Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG.

关键词： Thermal shock

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