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A Study on Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator for Interior Sound Control system of the Ultra-Compact Mobility: Fundamental Consideration on Formation of the Giant Magnetostrictive Phases Depending on Heat Treatment Condition

A Study on Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator for Interior Soun...

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International Conference on Electrical Machines and systems (ICEMS)

作者： Taro Kato Ryusei Naganuma Koki Bando Kentaro Sawada Wu Wenbao Ikkei Kobayashi Jumpei Kuroda Daigo Uchino Kazuki Ogawa Keigo Ikeda Ayato Endo Hideaki Kato Takayoshi Narita Mitusaki Furui Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University of Technology Hachioji-shi Tokyo Japan Sustainable Engineering Program Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Technology Hachioji-shi Tokyo Japan Course of Mechanical Engineering Tokai University Hiratsuka-shi Kanagawa Japan Course of Science and Technology Tokai University Hiratsuka-shi Kanagawa Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology (KOSEN) Numazu College Numazu-shi Shizuoka Japan Department of Electronic Robotics Aichi University of Technology Gamagori-shi Aichi Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Hokkaido University of Science Sapporo Hokkaido Japan Department of Electrical Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology Fukuoka-shi Fukuoka Japan Department of Mechanical System Engineering Tokai University Hiratsuka-shi Kanagawa Japan

ISBN: (数字)9784886864406

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379105

An active noise control system using giant magnetostrictive actuator has been proposed as a countermeasure for interior noise of the ultra-compact mobilities, which is a new transportation tools. In this paper, as basic research toward the development of the proposed giant magnetostrictive actuator for active noise control, we conduct experiments on the material properties when terbium, dysprosium, and iron powder, which make up the giant magnetostrictive material, are mixed and the heat treatment conditions are changed. In this study, the heat treatment temperature was varied from $800^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ to $1100^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ in $100^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ incrementsbased on the equilibrium state temperature of each material, and the heat treatment time was set in 30-minute increments from 1 hour to 3 hours. As a result, TbFe2 was confirmed after heat treatment at an electric furnace temperature of $1000^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ for 3 hours, although its strength was insufficient.

关键词： Actuators Heat treatment Powders Temperature Magnetostriction Noise Terbium Iron Resistance heating Material properties

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Super-Fast and Accurate Nonlinear Foot Deformation Prediction Using Graph Neural Networks

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kang, Taehyeon Kim, Jiho Lee, Hyobi Yum, Haeun Kwon, Chani Lee, Sangryun Lee, Taeyong Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Human Performance Lab Co. Ltd. #123a 150 Bugahyeon-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul03759 Korea Republic of Ewha Womans University Korea Republic of

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of foot diseases, highlighting the importance of non-surgical treatments. Customized insoles, tailored to an individual's foot morphology, have emerged as a promising solution. However, the traditional design process of the customized insole is both slow and expensive due to the high computational complexity of finite element analysis (FEA) required to predict deformations of the foot. This study explores the applicability of a graph neural network (GNN) based on the MeshGraphNet framework to predict the 3-D shape of the foot under load and test the performance of GNN depending on the number of datasets. A total of 186 3-D undeformed foot CAD geometries are obtained from a series of 2-D foot images with deformations predicted through FEA. This FEA data is then used to train the GNN model, which aims to predict foot displacement with high accuracy and computation speed. After optimization of the weights of the GNN, the model remarkably outperformed FEA simulations in speed, being approximately 100 times faster, while maintaining high accuracy, with R2 values above 95% in predicting foot displacement. This breakthrough suggests that GNN models can greatly improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of manufacturing customized insoles, providing a significant advancement in non-surgical treatment options for foot conditions. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Reducing accidental injuries during surgery

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Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants 2003年第1期13卷 1-10页

作者： Edlich, Richard F. Wind, Tyler C. Hill, Lisa G. Thacker, John G. McGregor, Walter Plastic Surgery Research Program University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville VA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Charlottesville VA United States Biomark Technology Inc. Flemington NJ United States 16155 NW Jenne Lake Ct. Beaverton OR 97006 United States

Extensive clinical investigations have demonstrated that double-gloves and blunt-tipped surgical needles dramatically reduced the risk of accidental injuries during surgery. During the last decade, double-glove hole puncture indication systems have been developed that reduce the clinical risk of accidental needlestick injuries as well as detect the presence of glove hole puncture in the presence of fluids. When the outer glove is punctured, the colored underglove becomes apparent through the translucent outer glove, necessitating glove removal, hand washing, and donning of another double-glove hole puncture Indicator™ system. This article presents the first biomechanical performance study that documents the puncture resistance of blunt surgical needles in latex and nonlatex single gloves and double-glove hole puncture indication systems. The technique for measuring glove puncture resistance simulates the standard test for material resistance to puncture outlined by the American Society for Testing and Materials. The maximum puncture resistance force was measured by the compression load cell and recorded in grams with a strip chart recorder. Ten puncture resistance measurements for the taper point needle, blunt taper point needle, and blunt needle were taken from five samples of the Biogel® Indicator™ underglove, Biogel® Super-Sensitive™ glove, Biogel® glove, Biogel® Skinsense™ N Universal underglove, and Biogel® Skinsense™ Polyisoprene glove;and the Biogel®, Biogel® Super-Sensitive™, and Biogel® Skinsense™ Polyisoprene double-glove hole puncture indication systems. The magnitude of puncture resistance forces recorded was influenced by several factors: glove material, number of glove layers, and type of surgical needle. For each type of curved surgical needle, the resistance to needle penetration by the nonlatex gloves was significantly greater than those encountered by the latex glove materials. The resistance to needle puncture of all three

关键词： Surgery

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EMERGENCY ASCENT . A DEEP SUBMERSIBLES LAST HOPE FOR RETURN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1969年第6期81卷 23-&页

作者： JONES, RA Mr. Robert A. Jones is a Naval Architect in the Deck Systems Branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center Hyattsville Md. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois. Upon joining NAVSEC in 1965 he completed the Hull Systems and Weapons Support Division Junior Engineer Training Program and was then assigned to his present position which includes design and system engineering for submersible vehicle mechanical system equipment jettisoning system underwater work tools and submersible vehicle certification. He is a Registered Engineer in Training in the State of Illinois. He is a member of the Marine Technology Society and the Association of Senior Engineers of the Naval Ship Systems Command.

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Electrical Properties of Spin-coated Indium Tin Oxide for Photosensor Applications

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Sensors and Materials 2022年第6期34卷 2053-2064页

作者： Shi, Shih-Chen Chen, Jian-An Lin, Yue-Feng Wang, Chih-Chia Department of Mechanical Engineering National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan City70101 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology No. 57 Sec. 2 Zhongshan Rd. Taiping Dist. Taichung411030 Taiwan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University Taoyuan33509 Taiwan Undergraduate Degree Program of System Engineering and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

A high-performance indium tin oxide (ITO) coating is key in fabricating an efficient photosensor. The manufacturing process of ITO is complex and time-consuming. Therefore, establishing a production technology that is fast and capable of application to large areas is essential. The dispersion of nanoparticles in the process has a considerable influence on the photoelectric properties of ITO films. The degree of dispersion also determines the existence of the secondary phase, which is harmful during application. In this study, we compared the effect of different dispersion parameters such as the ultrasonic power and type of dispersant on the properties of spin-coated ITO films, i.e., the interfacial zeta potential, extinction ratio, and electrical properties. The electrical properties of spin-coated ITO films were affected by oxygen vacancies and the uniformity of tin oxide doping. Using an ultrasonic crusher with an output power of 600 W (3 h) with D305 dispersant, we obtained ITO particles with a minor hydrodynamic diameter of 176 nm. The spin-coated ITO film comprising these particles had a resistivity of as low as 10-4 Ω·cm after suitable heat treatment and a carrier concentration of approximately 1020 cm-3. The electrical properties of the spin-coated ITO were satisfactory for its application on a photodetector. Finally, we proposed that the service life of a sensor can be evaluated by monitoring the variation of the friction coefficient. © MYU K.K.

关键词： Tin oxides

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mechanical therapeutic effects in osteoporotic L1-vertebrae evaluated by nonlinear patient-specific finite element analysis

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Journal of Biomechanical Science and engineering 2010年第5期5卷 499-514页

作者： Tawara, Daisuke Sakamoto, Jiro Murakami, Hideki Kawahara, Norio Oda, Juhachi Tomita, Katsuro Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering Ryukoku University 1-5 Yokotani Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan Computational Cell Biomechanics Team VCAD System Research Program RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan School of Mechanical Engineering College of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan Department of Orthopedic Surgery Kanazawa University Hospital 13-1 Takara-machi Kanazawa 920-8641 Japan

Patient-specific nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) is promising for evaluating the recovery of vertebral strength. Vertebral strength is closely related to inner vertebral stress distribution and is used to assess the fracture risk for individual osteoporotic patients during drug treatment. Moreover, stress distribution is affected by individual bone shape, bone density distribution and nonlinear behavior of the mechanical properties of bone. To investigate the effectiveness of FEA considering these factors for the evaluation of drug treatment effects, patient-specific nonlinear FEAs of the first lumbar vertebrae in patients undergoing a 3-year drug treatment were performed. Changes in fracture load and distribution of failure elements in the FE models at four time points (before therapy, and after 6 and 12 months and 3 years of therapy) were compared with those of average bone density. The FEAs demonstrated that failure elements decreased notably, and fracture load increased gradually by the 3-year time point, suggesting that the vertebrae were strengthened as a result of drug treatments. Furthermore, statistical tests indicated that mechanical evaluation using the nonlinear FEAs is more sensitive for evaluating drug effects on osteoporotic bone than assessments based on average bone density. © 2010 by JSME.

关键词： Bone

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CABLE BURIAL IN THE DEEP OCEAN-FLOOR

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 218-230页

作者： ROCKWELL, PK ENGEL, JH PIERCY, WB Mr. Philip K. Rockwell joined the Ocean Engineering Department at the Civil Engineering Laboratory (CEL) in 1969 after receiving his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering from the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and in 1973 won the WEPCOSE Scholarship which took him to the University of Washington for postgraduate studies in Fluid Power Control Systems. Since joining CEL he has specialized in Underwater Manipulator and Diver Tool Systems has been the Project Engineer and Navy certified submersible operator for the manned submersible NEMO and has been responsible for the design test and evaluation of submersible fluid power and fluid power control systems. His most recent efforts have been on the Deep Ocean Cable Burial System for which he has been responsible for concept development program management validation testing. and coordination and planning for the total system design and fabrication. Mr. Rockwell is an Engineer-in-Training (EIT) in the state of California and in 1979 was awarded the Meritorious Civil Service Award for his outstanding performance. Mr. John H. Engel Jr. is a Mechanical Engineer in the Construction Systems Division Ocean Engineering Department. of the Civil Engineering Laboratory. He is a graduate of Oregon State University for which he received both his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering. Prior to joining CEL in 1975 he was involved with the design and development of remote oceanographic devices for the School of Oceanography at Oregon State University. At CEL he has worked in the areas of Underwater Gas Generation and Buoyant Lift Systems and at the present time is responsible for the mechanical design of the shallow water mooring for the initial ocean tests of the Current Measurement System. Mr. Engle also is a registered Engineer-in-Training in the state of Oregon. Mr. William Bruce Piercy at the present time is a student at the University of California at Berkeley where he is studying for his M.S. degree in Engineering having received his B.S. degr

Bottom fishing equipment employed by scallopers and trawlers routinely damage or break important Navy Oceanographic cables resulting in substantial repair coats and unacceptable system interruption. The Civil engineering Laboratory (CEL), sponsored by the Naval Facilities engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM), has been developing and validating an engineering concept for a Deep Ocean Cable Burial (DOCB) system. This DOCB system will providethe Navy with an efficient, effective and reliable means of burying cables 3-feet deap in ocean mediments, at speeds not less than one knot, to water depths of 6,000 feet. The DOCB system b a remotely controlled machine which underruns and buries existing (previously laid) cables. It is powered and controlled from a surface ship via an electromechanical umbilica cable. The machine is self-propelled by ducted thrusters and supported on water lubricated skids. The excavation system computer an orbital vibrating plowshareand a vertical waterjet. Full-scale field testing at CEL baa keyed on three areas: •. Quantifying the reduction in drawbar force achieved by applying orbital vibration to an upward cutting plowshare. •. Evaluating a Vertically impinging jet nozzle for depth of a cut M a function of jet operating parameters. •. Demonstrating the effect on the soil drag of a flat-bottomed skid due to forcing a thin layer of water between the skid and the seafloor. The field teats of an orbital vibratory plow were performed in a 1 to 2 psi clay simllar to that found on the ocean floor. The results showed that a 70% reduction in drawbar force was achieved by applying an elliptical orbital vibration. It was also shown that the vibration feature would split or push aside buried rocks which would have stalled a conventional stationary plow. The water jet tests demonstrated that a 2 1/2-in. nozzle cuts 36-in. deep in 1 to 2 psi clay. The nozzle pressure was 75 psi and flow was 1,200 gpm. The water jet did not produce a clearly defined trench, b

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Quantifying material stocks in long-lived products: Challenges and improvements for informing sustainable resource use strategies

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Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2025年 221卷

作者： Jan Streeck André Baumgart Helmut Haberl Fridolin Krausmann Bowen Cai Tomer Fishman Maud Lanau Peter Berrill Zhi Cao Sebastiaan Deetman David Frantz Volker Krey Alessio Mastrucci Alessio Miatto Stefan Pauliuk Lola Sylvie Annie Rousseau Shoshanna Saxe Danielle Densley Tingley Gamze Ünlü Dominik Wiedenhofer BOKU University Institute of Social Ecology Department of Economics and Social Sciences Schottenfeldgasse 29 1070 Vienna Austria Wuhan University School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan Hubei Province 430079 China Leiden University Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) 2333 CC Leiden Netherlands Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Research Area Sustainable Built Environments Gothenburg 412 96 Sweden Universität Berlin Sustainability Economics of Human Settlements Berlin 10623 Germany College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Trier University Geoinformatics -Spatial Data Science Trier Rhineland-Palatinate 54296 Germany International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Energy Climate and Environment (ECE) Program Schlossplatz 1 2361 Laxenburg Austria Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Canberra 2601 ACT Australia University of Freiburg Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Freiburg Baden-Wuerttemberg D-79102 Germany Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Industrial Ecology Programme Department of Energy and Process Engineering Trondheim 7034 Norway University of Toronto Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering Toronto Ontario M5S 1A1 Canada University of Sheffield School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering Mappin Street Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom

Material stocks in long-lived products require over half of the annual global resource extraction for their construction and maintenance, and lock in energy use through their technical and geospatial characteristics. A thorough understanding of material stocks is therefore essential to inform sustainable resource use strategies. However, despite substantial advances in material stock research in recent decades, their robust quantification remains challenging and bears considerable uncertainties. We assess the (dis)agreement of material stock estimates from 32 recent studies across global, national, and urban scales, and propose recommendations for future work. Overall, we observe medium to high divergences between studies estimating the same material stocks. For end-use categories that aggregate multiple material stocks (e.g., buildings), most global-level estimates show divergences within 140 %. At the national level, most estimates for the USA diverge by <210 %, while those for China by <550 %. At the urban level, most estimates for Beijing fall within 90 %, and for Vienna, within 70 %. For low-income countries, non-residential buildings, and individual materials, the differences are often substantially higher, highlighting the need for an improved scientific basis for policy and planning. These disparities arise from differences in system boundaries, methodology, data sources, definitions, and lack of data to capture the diversity of material stock types. To robustly inform sustainable resource use strategies, the scientific community and practitioners should systematically assess and report sensitivity and uncertainty, and reduce the latter through transparent documentation, model intercomparisons, consensus and open-access databases, enhanced data collection, and comprehensive quantification of material stocks.

关键词： Material flow analysis Sustainable resource management Uncertainty analysis Socioeconomic metabolism Material stocks

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Entrainment and mixing in gravity currents using simultaneous velocity-density measurements

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Balasubramanian, Sridhar Zhong, Qiang Department of Mechanical Engineering IIT Bombay MumbaiMH 400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies IIT Bombay MH 400076 India College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing100083 China Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System Beijing100083 China

Gravity currents modify their flow characteristics by entraining ambient fluid, which depends on a variety of governing parameters such as the initial density, ∆ρ, the total initial height of the fluid, H, and the slope of the terrain, α, from where it is released. Depending on these parameters, the gravity current may be designated as sub-critical, critical, or super-critical. It is imperative to study the entrainment dynamics of a gravity current in order to have a clear understanding of mixing transitions that govern the flow physics, the shear layer thickness, δu, and the mixing layer thickness, δρ. Experiments were conducted in a lock-exchange facility in which the dense fluid was separated from the ambient lighter fluid using a gate. As the gate is released instantaneously, an energy conserving gravity current is formed, for which the only governing parameter is the Reynolds number defined as Re = Uhν , where U is the front velocity of the gravity current, and h is the height of the current. In our study, the bulk Richardson number, Rib=gU0Hb2 =1, takes a constant value for all the experiments, with Ub being the bulk velocity of the layer defined as Ub=pg0H. Simultaneous Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) measurement techniques are employed to get the velocity and density statistics. A flux-based method is used to calculate the entrainment coefficient, EF, for a Reynolds number range of Re ≈400-13000 used in our experiments. The result shows a mixing transition at Re ≈2700 that is attributed to the flow transitioning from weak Holmboe waves to Kelvin-Helmholtz type instabilities. Following this mixing transition, the entrainment coefficient continued to increase with increasing Reynolds number owing to the occurrence of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows that promote small scale local mixing and cause another marked spike in the flux entrainment values. The results confirmed a non-monotonic nature of scalar mixing in lock-excha

关键词： Gravity waves

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Imbalance fault detection in BLDC motors through audio signals using the density of maxima and CNN

Imbalance fault detection in BLDC motors through audio signa...

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Brazilian Symposium on Computing system engineering (SBESC)

作者： Yuri C. Gouveia Alisson V. Brito Tiago P. Nascimento Jorge Gabriel Ramos Abel Lima Filho Graduate Program in Informatics Universidade Federal da Paraiba Joao Pessoa Brazil Laboratory of System Engineering and Robotics Universidade Federal da Paraiba Joao Pessoa Brazil Department of Physics Universidade Federal da Paraiba Joao Pessoa Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Universidade Federal da Paraiba Joao Pessoa Brazil

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are increasingly used for various tasks. However, increased usage leads to more failures, posing risks to humans and the environment. This study identifies propeller imbalance faults in Brushless DC (BLDC) motors of UAVs. It compares two fault detection methodologies based on chaotic behavior: the alreadyknown CNN approach, and the SAC-DM+CNN approach. Both methods involve acquiring audio signals, generating spectrograms, and training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. Results show that the CNN approach achieves 98.18% accuracy, while the SAC-DM+CNN approach achieves 71.43% accuracy in classifying propeller balance faults.

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