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2010 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Albers, Lynn Lindsay, Karen Hemric, Janice Tucker, Jade Bottomley, Laura Hollebrands, Karen Parry, Elizabeth Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department North Carolina State University United States Wake County Public School System United States Washington Elementary School United States Fuller Elementary School United States College of Engineering North Carolina State University United States Department of Math Science and Technology Education North Carolina State University United States RAMP-UP program United States

Active learning during out-of-school time Energy Clubs, can positively affect students in grades 3-5 by improving their understanding of technology, what engineers do, the engineering design process, and how to improve a windmill. RAMP-UP assessed the impact through a pre- and posttest from the engineering is Elementary workbook, "Catching the Wind."[2] After completing one activity where the students built windmills out of milk cartons, there were positive improvements in their understanding of technology, what engineers do and the engineering design process ranging from 3% to 8%. Significant gains (p

关键词： Students

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mechanical regulation of actin network dynamics in migrating cells

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Journal of Biomechanical Science and engineering 2010年第3期5卷 186-207页

作者： Okeyo, Kennedy Omondi Adachi, Taiji Hojo, Masaki Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science Kyoto University Yoshida-Honmachi Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Computational Cell Biomechanics Team VCAD System Research Program RIKEN 2-1 Wako 351-0198 Japan

Cell migration is fundamental to various physiological processes, including metastasis, wound healing and tissue development. The complex processes involved in cell migration;polymerization, adhesion, and retraction, are mediated by highly orchestrated structure-function interactions that occur within the actin cytoskeletal structure. Thus understanding how migrating cells regulate the global dynamics of their cytoskeletal components, which result from rather localized protein-protein interactions, is fundamental to elucidating the mechanisms of cell motility. The objective of this review is to explore the mechanical regulation of actin network dynamics in migrating cells, and to discuss its regulatory role in cell migration. Specifically, we examine the various mechanical forces involved in cell migration, and how they couple with biomechanical factors to spatiotemporally regulate the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton during cell motility. Two aspects of actin network dynamics are addressed, namely, network turnover by polymerization and depolymerization, and network flow resulting from actomyosin activity. We begin by highlighting the fundamental features of actin network dynamics in migrating cells. We then examine the coupling relationship between actin network flow and traction forces, as well as the mechanism underlying the regulation of traction forces by actin network flow. Finally, we integrate the various motility processes into a mechanical pathway in order to elucidate the importance of mechanical regulation of actin network dynamics to cell migration. © 2010 by JSME.

关键词： Cells

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Numerical study on high intensity focused ultrasound therapy using array transducer

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Physics Procedia 2010年第1期3卷 315-322页

作者： Kohei Okita Kazuyasu Sugiyama Kenji Ono Shu Takagi Yoichiro Matsumoto RIKEN CIPS VCAD System Research Program Functionality Simulation and Information Team 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan The University of Tokyo Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo Japan RIKEN Computational Science Research Program Integrated Simulation of Living Matter Group Organ and Body Scale Team Saitama Japan

The development of the HIFU therapy for the deeply placed cancer such as the liver cancer and brain cancer has been desired. One problem is the displacement of the focal point due to the reflection and refraction of ultrasound. In the present study, the HIFU therapy for the brain cancer through a skull with a bowl-shape array transducer is performed numerically. Our approach is to solve the mass and momentum equations for mixture with the equation of state of media. The nonlinearity is mainly taken into account through the equation of state of the media. The three-dimensional controllability of the focal point by the array transducer with a phase delay is examined. As the result of the ultrasound propagation through the skull with the phase delay, we obtain a clear focal point where the peak pressure is higher than that without the phase delay. Therefore, the array transducer with the appropriate phase delay enables to assign the focal point to the target adequately, even if the ultrasound propagates through the inhomogeneous medium as a human skull.

关键词： Theraputic ultrasound HIFU Numerical simulation Voxel phantom Array transducer

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Life cycle costing analysis for poly-silicon photovoltaics production processes in Japan

Life cycle costing analysis for poly-silicon photovoltaics p...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial engineering and engineering Management, IEEM2010

作者： Inoue, T. Kajikawa, Y. Yamada, K. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Center for Low Carbon Society Strategy Japan Science and Technology Agency Tokyo Japan Inovation Policy Research Center University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Technology Management for Innovation University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Executive Management Program University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424485031

The objective of this study is to identify the key technology with analysis of the cost boundary of future photovoltaics (PV) technologies using life-cycle costing. We estimate the amount cost of photovoltaic system in Japan. It considers material flows over the whole production process starting from silica extraction to the final panel assembling. The comparison of current scenario to the expected future PV technologies focusing on the equipments in each production processes results in factory scale boundaries. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Cost reduction

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mechanical therapeutic effects in osteoporotic L1-vertebrae evaluated by nonlinear patient-specific finite element analysis

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Journal of Biomechanical Science and engineering 2010年第5期5卷 499-514页

作者： Tawara, Daisuke Sakamoto, Jiro Murakami, Hideki Kawahara, Norio Oda, Juhachi Tomita, Katsuro Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering Ryukoku University 1-5 Yokotani Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan Computational Cell Biomechanics Team VCAD System Research Program RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan School of Mechanical Engineering College of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan Department of Orthopedic Surgery Kanazawa University Hospital 13-1 Takara-machi Kanazawa 920-8641 Japan

Patient-specific nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) is promising for evaluating the recovery of vertebral strength. Vertebral strength is closely related to inner vertebral stress distribution and is used to assess the fracture risk for individual osteoporotic patients during drug treatment. Moreover, stress distribution is affected by individual bone shape, bone density distribution and nonlinear behavior of the mechanical properties of bone. To investigate the effectiveness of FEA considering these factors for the evaluation of drug treatment effects, patient-specific nonlinear FEAs of the first lumbar vertebrae in patients undergoing a 3-year drug treatment were performed. Changes in fracture load and distribution of failure elements in the FE models at four time points (before therapy, and after 6 and 12 months and 3 years of therapy) were compared with those of average bone density. The FEAs demonstrated that failure elements decreased notably, and fracture load increased gradually by the 3-year time point, suggesting that the vertebrae were strengthened as a result of drug treatments. Furthermore, statistical tests indicated that mechanical evaluation using the nonlinear FEAs is more sensitive for evaluating drug effects on osteoporotic bone than assessments based on average bone density. © 2010 by JSME.

关键词： Bone

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Movement Persuit Control of an Offshore Automated Platform via a RAM-based Neural Network

Movement Persuit Control of an Offshore Automated Platform v...

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International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision

作者： Horacio L. Franca Joao Carlos P. da Silva Omar Lengerke Max S. Dutra Massimo De Gregorio Felipe M. G. Franca Computer Science Department Mathematics Institute Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Mechanical Engineering Program COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Istituto di Cibernetica "Eduardo Caianiello" Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Naples Italy System Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424478149

The reproduction of the movements of a ship by automated platforms, without the use of sensors providing exact data related to the numeric variables involved, is a non-trivial matter. The creation of an artificial vision system that can follow the cadence of said ship, in six axes of freedom, is the goal of this research. Considering that a real time response is a requisite in this case, it was decided to adopt a Boolean artificial neural network system that could identify and follow arbitrary interest points that could define, as a group, a model of the movement of an observed vessel. This paper describes the development of a prototype based on the Boolean perceptron model WiSARD (Wilkie, Stonham and Aleksander's Recognition Device), that is being implemented in the C programming language on a desktop computer using a regular webcam as input.

关键词： Stewart platform weightless neural networks WiSARD

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Responsiveness Improvement of Idling Speed Control for Automotive Using SMC

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Journal of Software engineering and Applications 2009年第5期2卷 309-315页

作者： Yang ZHANG Nobuo KURIHARA Hiroyuki YAMAGUCHI Doctor of Science Program in Mechanical Systems Hachinohe Institute of Technology Graduate School of Engineering Hachinohe Institute of Technology Department of System and Information Hachinohe Institute of Technology

To improve the responsiveness of engine speed control to disturbances, robust controls were investigated by simulation. The intake air control system of a gasoline engine is a typical nonlinear system, and the disturbances and parameter perturbations are generally regarded as being the unstable factors with regard to engine control. In this paper, a Mean-Value Engine Model (MVEM) with disturbances and parameter perturbations is investigated using Sliding Mode Control (SMC), which is a form of variable structure control, with a view to address instability in the idle speed control process. The simulation results confirmed that, compared with a conventional PI (Proportional-Integral) controller, the stability of the idle speed for an engine that is being subjected to disturbances, parameter variations and background noise is greatly improved by the application of SMC.

关键词： Gasoline Engine Intake Air Control Sliding Mode Control Simulation

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Vision-based servo control of a quadrotor air vehicle

Vision-based servo control of a quadrotor air vehicle

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IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation (CIRA)

作者： Zehra Ceren Erdinç Altuğ System dynamics and control graduate program İstanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey Mechanical Engineering Department İstanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781424448081

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are seeing more widespread use in military, scientific, and civilian sectors in recent years. This study presents algorithms for the visual-servo control of an UAV. The helicopter has been stabilized with visual information through the control loop. Unlike previous study that use pose estimation approach which is time consuming and subject to various errors, the visual-servo control is more reliable and fast. The model involves the camera speed and visual sensor blocks. Visual sensor block consists of the camera model and feature extraction blocks. Various simulations are developed on MATLAB, in which the quadrotor aerial vehicle has been visual-servo controlled. In order to show the effectiveness of the algorithms, experiments were performed on a model UAV which suggest successful performance.

关键词： Servosystems Helicopters Unmanned aerial vehicles Cameras Open loop systems Feature extraction Error correction Mathematical model Robot vision systems Aircraft navigation

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Coarse-grained modeling and simulation of actin filament behavior based on Brownian dynamics method

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MCB Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics 2009年第3期6卷 161-173页

作者： Shimada, Yoshitaka Adachi, Taiji Inoue, Yasuhiro Hojo, Masaki Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science Kyoto University Yoshida-Honmachi Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Computational Cell Biomechanics Team VCAD System Research Program RIKEN Japan

The actin filament, which is the most abundant component of the cytoskeleton, plays important roles in fundamental cellular activities such as shape determination, cell motility, and mechanosensing. In each activity, the actin filament dynamically changes its structure by polymerization, depolymerization, and severing. These phenomena occur on the scales ranging from the dynamics of actin molecules to filament structural changes with its deformation due to the various forces, for example, by the membrane and solvent. To better understand the actin filament dynamics, it is important to focus on these scales and develop its mathematical model. Thus, the objectives of this study were to model and simulate actin filament polymerization, depolymerization, and severing based on the Brownian dynamics method. In the model, the actin monomers and the solvent were considered as globular particles and a continuum, respectively. The motion of the actin molecules was assumed to follow the Langevin equation. The polymerization, which increases the filament length, was determined by the distance between the center of the actin particle at the barbed end and actin particles in the solvent. The depolymerization, which decreases the filament length, was modeled such that the number of dissociation particles from the filament end per unit time was constant. In addition, the filament severing, in which one filament divides into two, was modeled to occur at an equal rate along the filament. Then, we simulated the actin filament dynamics using the developed model, and analyzed the filament elongation rate, its turnover, and the effects of filament severing on the polymerization and depolymerization. Results indicated that the model reproduced the linear dependence of the filament elongation on time, filament turnover process by polymerization and depolymerization, and acceleration of the polymerization and depolymerization by severing, which qualitatively agreed with those observed in ex

关键词： Coarse-grained modeling

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Development of a framework for parallel simulators with various physics and its performance

Development of a framework for parallel simulators with vari...

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Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics, Parallel CFD 2007

作者： Ono, Kenji Tamaki, Tsuyoshi Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki Functionality Simulation and Information Team VCAD System Research Program RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University N13 W8 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan Fujitsu Nagano Systems Engineering 1415 Midori-cho Tsuruga Nagano 380-0813 Japan

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