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DESIGN BUDGETING - A BOLD NEW SHIP ACQUISITION STRATEGY ... NOW A PROVEN CONCEPT

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第2期93卷 67-74页

作者： JARVIS, PS KAZAL, JD CAMPBELL, DB HAFF, MW Mr. Paul S. Jarvis:graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute from which he received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1962 and later he received his M.S. degree in Administration from The George Washington University in 1967. He has been in the AEGIS Shipbuilding Program since July 1971 and has served as Ship Systems Engineering Manager for CG 47 since 1977. Mr. Jarvis is a member of Tau Beta Pi and Pi Tau Sigma Engineering Fraternities and the Phi Kappa Phi National Scholastic Society. Mr. J. David Kazal:graduated from Colorado A&M from which he received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1951. Currently he is employed by the Ingalls Shipbuilding Division Litton Systems as a Project Engineer on the CG 47 Class Ship Program. During World War II he served in the U.S. Navy in Submarines. Mr. Kazal is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Mr. Donald B. Campbell Jr.: received his B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from North Carolina State University in 1961. He has over twenty-three years of professional experience in Ship Electronics System Engineering and was formerly a member of the Electrical Design Division at Newport News Shipbuilding. Additionally he was involved in quantification and evaluation of contractor shipbuilding claims against the U.S. Navy while he was employed by Booz-Allen Applied Research. Currently he is a Senior Member of the Engineering Staff at RCA providing program and engineering coordination for the AEGIS Program. Mr. Maurice W. Haff:received his B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Oklahoma State University in 1970. His advanced degrees which he received from The George Washington University are an M.S. degree in Management Engineering (1975) and an M.B.A. degree in International Business (1980). He has eleven years of engineering and management experience gained in a wide range of Navy Programs. While he was involved with “Design Budgeting” for the CG 47 from the beginning of the program as a Project Engineer Mr.

Traditional ship acquisition practices no longer support the requirements of today's shipbuilding programs. These practices require development of major combat and ship systems to be essentially complete prior to issuance by the government of the Request For Proposal (RFP) for ship detail design and construction. With the need for timely delivery of warships equipped with the most modern weapon systems possible, and maximum remaining years of functional effectiveness after delivery becoming increasingly important, new acquisition strategies are essential. “Design Budgeting,” an innovative new Navy acquisition and design strategy, is now a proven concept. Developed and implemented by the AEGIS Shipbuilding Project, it has been explored in depth with the Shipbuilding Industry as an alternative acquisition process that enables Combat system development and ship acquisition to proceed concurrently. Applied for the first time in the acquisition of Ticonderoga (CG-47), its use permitted development of major portions of the AEGIS Combat system (later to be Government Furnished Equipment to the shipbuilder) to continue well into ship detail design and construction without impact on overall schedules. Hundreds of changes to the ship engineering baseline which resulted from continued development and test of Combat system, were incorporated into the shipbuilding contract with no cost increase or delay and disruption of the shipbuilding schedule. Proven, adaptable, and available now, “Design Budgeting” is an acquisition and design strategy than can satisfy the requirements of current and future shipbuilding programs.

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Annual business and news:: Beginning the 31st year of the Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics

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JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS 2008年第1期31卷 1-1页

作者： Schmidt, George T. Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) AIAA Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Russian Federation Academy of Navigation and Motion Control Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Missouri-Rolla(UMR) Lockheed Electronics Company Center for Space Research University of Texas Austin United States Wright Laboratory Eglin Air Force Base UMR AIAA Guidance Navigation and Control Technical Committee American Automatic Control Council Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company Palmdale CA United States C4ISR and Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) Programs for Air Vehicle Sciences and Systems Accreditation Board Engineering and Technology Inc./Aeronautical National Technical Committee on Guidance Navigation and Control Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York (SUNY) AIAA Technical Committee on GN and C Air Vehicles Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Space Access and Hypersonic Vehicle Guidance and Control Group Control Science Center of Excellence AFRL AIAA Technical Committee on Guidance Navigation and Control Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering University of California (UC) Davis United States Boeing Company Modernized Flight Control System for the Apache Longbow AIAA Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers AHS Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Boeing Company Flight Sciences and Advanced Design Group Guidance Navigation and Control (GN and C) Systems Engineer Distributed Space Systems NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) AIAA GN and C Technical Committee Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Texas Austin United States Institute of Navigation American Astronautical Society AIAA Guidance Navigation (GN and C) and Control Technical Committee Department of Aerospace Engineering Iowa State University Iowa

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OPPORTUNITIES FOR PACIFIC FLEET FF-1052 CLASS SHIPS TO SAVE ENERGY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 315-321页

作者： PEHLIVAN, H KENYON, CW Hasan Pehlivan:received his BS in marine engineering from the Merchant Marine Academy (Turkey) in 1971 and his MS degree from Old Dominion University (Norfolk) in 1975. He was employed by D.B. Cargo Line (Turkey) as an engineering officer on ocean-going cargo vessels from 1971 to 1973. After receiving his masters degree in power engineering in 1975 he was employed by J.J. Henry Co. Inc. in Washington DC where he was involved in supporting the DTNSRDC Shipboard Energy Conservation Program which included the development of the steam system simulation (STMSYS) heat balance computer program for FF-1052/1078 class frigates. In addition he was cognizant engineer for various fluid systems designs for PCG and CSGN. In 1978 he joined M. Rosenblatt & Sons Inc. where he was cognizant engineer for various fluid systems designs for CVV DDG-51 and ARS-50. He was also leading engineer in support of DTNSRDC for the development of innovative machinery options for the baseline DD-963. In 1980 he joined NKF Engineering Inc. where he directs and performs DTNSRDC ship energy conservation analyses for frigates cruisers destroyers and aircraft carriers. He has been assisting the NAVSEA energy office in directing and performing Ship Energy Conservation Assist Team (SECAT) surveys aboard Navy ships since 1982. Mr. Pehlivan is currently manager of ship auxiliary systems in charge of the design and development of fluid systems pollution abatement distilling plants etc. He is a member of ASNE. Clarence W. Kenyon:graduated from the State University of New York Maritime College in 1960 and sailed on a third assistant engineer's license with Isbrandtsen Steamship Company before accepting an engineering position with the Long Beach Naval Shipyard in 1961 where he worked in the Steam Propulsion and Auxiliaries Section and the Mechanical and Hydraulic Section. He also taught a course in engineering fundamentals to engineering technicians in the evenings. In 1963 he accepted a position with the Space Division of North American Avia

The shipboard energy conservation assist team (SECAT) program was introduced to the US Pacific Surface Fleet (SURFPAC) in 1983 following one year testing in the US Atlantic Surface Fleet (SURFLANT). Experiences aboard SURFLANT ships had provided the basis for improvements which could also be applied to SURFPAC ships. Chief among these improvements were simple fuel measurement, fuel curve development methods, an energy survey checklist, and an equipment status board which identifies economic machinery alignments. The first SURFPAC ship to receive a SECAT visit was a FF-1052 class ship. Fuel consumption was significantly higher on this ship than the six FF-1052/1078 class SURFLANT ships previously visited. SECAT immediately looked for reasons for this increase in fuel consumption. Three significant changes received by this ship and not received by the six SURFLANT ships were identified. They were a new design economizer, Navjet vice Wallsend burners, and removal of overload control valves on the forced draft blowers. Another SURFPAC frigate with the same three changes was visited to validate the results obtained from the first ship. This paper discusses recent improvements to the SECAT program. It also examines the differences in fuel consumption observed between SURFLANT and SURFPAC FF-1052/1078 class ships. The economics of potential solutions to the higher fuel consumption problem aboard SURFPAC ships is analyzed with special emphasis on alternative burner designs and forced draft blower changes. Recommendations are made to reduce fuel consumption both by equipment changes and expanded energy initiatives.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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Numerical simulation on improvement of a Savonius vertical axis water turbine performance to advancing blade side with a circular cylinder diameter variations

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018年第1期200卷

作者： P A Setiawan T Yuwono W A Widodo Student of Doctoral Program Mechanical Engineering Department Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology Surabaya 60111 Indonesia Marine Engineering Department Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya Surabaya 60111 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology Surabaya 60111 Indonesia Center of Excellence in Automotive Control & System Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology Surabaya 60111 Indonesia

The use of fossil fuel will generate particulate gas in the atmosphere and forming the greenhouse effect. One of the ways to reducing greenhouse effect is used renewable energy as hydropower without generating particulate gas impacted in human life. The present study uses hydropower as the renewable energy by using a Savonius turbine. The main objective investigates the performance of Savonius water turbine numerically due to the installation of a circular cylinder beside of the advancing blade with circular cylinder diameter variations. The method used is numerically toward Savonius turbine disturbed a circular cylinder. The numerical simulation using two-dimensional (2D) analysis of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation by using ANSYS 17.0-Fluent and sliding Mesh technique used is to solve the incompressible Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations. The turbulence model uses Realizable k-epsilon (RKE) and transport equation uses the finite volume discretization method with the second-order upwind scheme and the SIMPLE algorithm. Firstly, the numerical model has been validated by the published experimental data toward the torque coefficient by using air fluid at Reynolds of 4.32.105. Then the fluid is changed the water fluid at the same Reynolds. The circular cylinder diameter relative to the turbine diameter (ds/D) is varied of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 at X/D of 0.5 and Y/D of 0.7 kept constant with TSR of 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1 and 1.3. The numerical simulation uses the transient and two dimensional (2D) simulations. The results show that the increase of disturbance diameter (ds/D) will improve the performance of the conventional Savonius turbine and the maximum power coefficient increase about 18.04% at ds/D of 0.7 with TSR of 0.7.

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Improving liver fibrosis diagnosis based on forward and backward second harmonic generation signals

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Applied Physics Letters 2015年第8期106卷

作者： Peng, Qiwen Zhuo, Shuangmu So, Peter T. C. Yu, Hanry Biosystems and Micromechanics IRG Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology 1 CREATE Way #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing Singapore138602 Singapore Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology Fujian Normal University Fuzhou350007 China Computation and System Biology Program Singapore-MIT Alliance 4 Engineering Drive 3 E4-04-10 117576 Singapore Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology A STAR The Nanos 31 Biopolis Way #04-01 Singapore138669 Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore117597 Singapore Mechanobiology Institute National University of Singapore Singapore117411 Singapore

The correlation of forward second harmonic generation (SHG) signal and backward SHG signal in different liver fibrosis stages was investigated. We found that three features, including the collagen percentage for forward SHG, the collagen percentage for backward SHG, and the average intensity ratio of two kinds of SHG signals, can quantitatively stage liver fibrosis in thioacetamide-induced rat model. We demonstrated that the combination of all three features by using a support vector machine classification algorithm can provide a more accurate prediction than each feature alone in fibrosis diagnosis. © 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

关键词： Harmonic generation

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16-IN GUN BLAST AND THE BATTLESHIP REACTIVATION program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 227-238页

作者： YAGLA, JJ The authorreceived his B. A. degree in science (physics) from the State College of Iowa in 1965. He received his M. S. degree in engineering mechanics in 1968 and his Ph.D in aerospace engineering and engineering science in 1981 from Arizona State University. He has done analytical and experimental research in the field of weapons blast since 1965 at the Naval Surface Weapons Center in Dahlgren Virginia. As a supervisory research mechanical engineer he was previously head of the Physical Response Analysis Branch Blast Effects Branch and Ship Engineering Branch. Dr. Yagla is the test development agent and was test conductor for the gun and missile structural test firings in USS Iowa class battleships. He is a consultant to the Naval Sea Systems Command battleship combat system engineer and the Naval Air Systems Command Cruise Missile Project for blast and structural response. He is presently analyzing shock and vibration problems for the Standard Missile Program Office.

Reactivated and modernized USS Iowa class battleships employ many new systems, none of which were designed to withstand blast from 16-inch guns. Placement of the new equipment was driven by the need to impose the smallest possible restrictions on the guns. The design problem was complicated by two factors: first, the blast overpressure field surrounding the gun had not been accurately measured with modern instruments. Second, the blast overpressure tolerance of several important systems was unknown. The problem was solved through judicious placement of the equipment so that work could begin on the ship. Meanwhile the pressure surrounding a 16-inch gun was measured at the Dahlgren Laboratory. Mathematical functions describing the blast field were then used to design shipboard experiments in which the guns were fired at progressively more severe angles of train and elevation, while the equipment performance was carefully monitored. Four sets of shipboard experiments were required. Limiting values for the firing arcs have been determined, and the consequences of exceeding the recommended limits are now known.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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Burnout Syndrome analysis among hospital nurses using Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS): a case study

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期931卷

作者： F Erwan M Iqbal I Hasanuddin S Zuhri C M Maydini Industrial Engineering Department Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam Banda Aceh Indonesia Work System Design and Ergonomics Laboratory Industrial Engineering Study Program Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam Banda Aceh Indonesia Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam Banda Aceh Indonesia

Burnout is a psychology syndrome which experienced by any professions throughout their careers. This study analyses burnout syndrome encountered by hospitals' nurses based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) and provides findings by looking at the dimension of burnout and demographic factors which consist of sex, age, marital status, level of education, years of career, and duty station. This study reveals that; the overall value of burnout experienced by hospitals' nurses is categorized into level 1 with the highest value presented by dimension 1 (physical exhaustion), and burnout generally experienced by man, nurses younger than 30 years old, married nurses, lower degree nurses, nurses whose less than 20 years in career, and nurses whose responsible in terminal care and emergency unit. In addition, data obtained from the survey is utilized to determine burnout causative factors using fishbone and pareto diagram.

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FUTURE PROPULSION MACHINERY TECHNOLOGY FOR GAS-TURBINE POWERED FRIGATES, DESTROYERS, AND CRUISERS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第2期96卷 34-46页

作者： BASKERVILLE, JE QUANDT, ER DONOVAN, MR USN The Authors Commander James E. Baskerville USNis presently assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA) as the Ship Design Manager for the DDG 51 the Navy's next generation surface combatant. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1969 he is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and designated Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his professional degree of Ocean Engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and holds a patent right on an Electronic Control and Response System. His naval assignments include tours in USSRamsey (FFG-2) Aide and Flag Lieutenant to the Commander Naval Electronic Systems Command and Ship Superintendent Surface Type Desk Officer and Assistant Design Superintendent at NA VSHIPYD Pearl Harbor. He was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for distinguished performance at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. As an author he has contributed articles to the ASNEJournaland given presentations at local sections on ship design the use of innovative technology in ship repair and maintenance and the costs and risks associated with engineering progress. Commander Baskerville is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Virginia an adjunct professor teaching marine engineering at Virginia Tech. and in addition to ASNE which he joined in 1975 is a member of SNAME Tau Beta Pi Sigma Xi ASME and the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Dr. Earl R. Quandt:received his degree of Chemical Engineer from the University of Cincinnati in 1956 and his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. He worked in the naval reactors program at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory from 1956 to 1963. Since that time he has been with David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Annapolis Maryland where he is Head of the Power Systems Division. He contributed to this paper while on a one year assignment to the U.S. Naval Academy as V

A turning point occurred in naval engineering in 1972 when the U.S. N avy chose to use marine gas turbines for the propulsion of its new SPRUANCE and PERRY Class ships. This paper reviews the more than twenty years of experience with turbine technology and its design integration into combat ships needed to make that decision. It is concluded that the availability of a good second generation aircraft derivative engine with proven reliability and a strong commercial base, i.e., the LM-2500, was as important to the decision as was the predicted improved ship effectiveness and cost benefits. This paper discusses improvements that can be made to the twin engine, single gear, single propeller shaft system. Focusing only on this mechanical transmission concept, it addresses the impact of possible improvements to the engine, gear, and shafting. In particular, the paper discusses current LM-2500 related R&D efforts to: (a) obtain improved part-power fuel rates, (b) integrate with a reversing reduction gear, and (c) add on a waste heat recovery steam cycle. Looking ahead to the year 2000, this paper suggests that a successor to the ubiquitous LM-2500 will appear in the 15 MW power range to provide the next step in the evolution of the twin engine package. This new naval engine will most likely be based on an aircraft core that exists at present, such that it will have demonstrated its reliability and commercial potential through many hours of testing prior to its mid-1990 marine conversion. This new engine is expected to offer improved air flow, an excellent fuel rate (approaching a flat 0.30 LB/HP-HR), and effective maintenance monitoring, all at some expense in size, weight, and cost. The year 2000 engine will burn a liquid hydrocarbon fuel similar to JP-5 because of its aircraft origins. Combined with advances in gear and shafting technology, the full twin engine propulsion system of the year 2000 should be markedly lighter, smaller, and more efficient than today's units.

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THE system engineering ANALYSIS - A STRUCTURED APPROACH FOR IMPROVING SHIP MAINTENANCE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 118-126页

作者： BEYERS, CP The authoris a member of the technical staff in the Ships Systems Program of ARINC Research Corporation's Ships and Ordnance Division. He is currently applying the System Engineering Analysis (SEA) methodology to systems installed on auxiliary class ships. He is the coauthor ofAmphibious Ship Engineering Operating Cycle (PEOC) Program Engineering Analysis Requirements which documents the SEA methodology. He has been instrumental in the development and improvement of the procedures and analytical techniques for the SEA methodology and the application of those procedures and techniques in the analyses of various ship systems and equipments. He has applied the SEA methodology to propulsion plant systems and equipments auxiliary systems and equipments and some electronic systems and equipments for the FF 1052 DDG 37 CG 16 CG 26 DD 963 AOE 1 AFS 1 and AOR 1 Classes. Prior to joining ARINC Research Mr. Beyers was responsible for test program development and data analysis for wind tunnel temperature testing of cars at Chrysler Corporation. He also solved mechanical and production problems with shock absorbers affecting car ride shock absorber life and parts costs. Mr. Beyers received his BS in Engineering from Oakland University (Rochester Michigan) in 1972.

This paper describes the system engineering Analysis (SEA), a methodology developed to objectively define and improve ship maintenance using Navy historical maintenance data. The methodology is based on the analysis of recurring failures and maintenance actions as exhibited in the maintenance data and the use of reliability-centered maintenance concepts for defining maintenance requirements. Failure modes and effects analyses (FMEAs) are limited to historically recurring failures; FMEAs are not conducted for all possible failure modes because of the likelihood of limited payback coupled with increased analysis cost. Results of a SEA provide (1) information for the Class Maintenance Plan, which defines the intermediate and depot-level maintenance requirements for a ship class, and (2) supporting information for the design review process and for improvements in the integrated logistics support of the selected system or equipment. The SEA also recommends design studies, design improvements, and maintenance strategy and support improvements.

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Impact of microplastics on terrestrial ecosystems: A plant-centric perspective

Environmental Pollution and Management

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Environmental Pollution and Management 2024年 1卷 223-234页

作者： Md Mehedee Hasan Most Nishat Tarannum Gazi A.K.M. Rafiqul Bari Ashikur Rahman Swapon Md Shahjahan Kabir Shakil Ahmmed Md. Daraj Uddin Prodhan Department of Agricultural Chemistry Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 South Korea Department of Fisheries Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering Gachon University 1342 Seongnam-daero Sujeong-gu Seongnam-si 13120 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System Chonnam National University Republic of Korea Department of Food Processing and Preservation Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202 Bangladesh Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh

Microplastics (MPs), defined as plastic particles smaller than five millimeters, are pervasive environmental pollutants affecting ecosystems from aquatic habitats to terrestrial soils. While extensive research has been conducted on MPs contamination in marine environments, the impacts of MPs in agricultural soils, particularly on plant health, remain underexplored. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of MPs contamination sources, pathways, and effects on soil properties and plant systems, focusing on MPs unique mechanisms of translocation within plants. By examining the role of MPs in disrupting soil structure, microbial communities, and plant growth, this paper identifies critical knowledge gaps and highlights the ecological risks of MPs presence in agricultural settings. Unlike prior reviews, this work provides a plant-centric perspective, addressing MPs uptake, translocation, and accumulation within plant tissues, and proposes novel mitigation strategies such as biodegradable alternatives and advancements in waste management. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of MPs interactions with heavy metals and other pollutants in soil, which may amplify toxicity in plant systems and impact overall soil fertility. This review aims to inform future research directions and policy-making efforts to mitigate the adverse effects of MPs in terrestrial ecosystems, with significant implications for agricultural productivity, soil health, and long-term food security.

关键词： Microplastics Soil contamination Plant health Agricultural productivity Environmental pollution

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