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作者： Karacayli, Ibrahim Altay, Lutfiye Hepbasli, Arif Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Program Ege High Vocational School Ege University Bornova Izmir35100 Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ege University Bornova Izmir35100 Turkey Department of Energy Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Yaşar University Bornova Izmir35100 Turkey

In this study, a vapour compression refrigeration (VCR) system with a wastewater (WW) cooled condenser at a temperature range of 27-29°C was designed. The cooling capacity of the system using R134a as the refrigerant was 1.09 kW. The condenser consisted of a coaxial heat exchanger with a capacity of 1 kW. This paper dealt with energy and exergy analyses of the VCR system using WW, as a heat sink. Experiments were performed in order to evaluate the energetic and exergetic performances of the wastewater-cooled condenser (WWC) and the overall system. The convective heat transfer coefficient of WW and refrigerant in the condenser, overall heat transfer coefficient of the WWC, total amount of heat removed by WW, amount of cooling effect, coefficient of performance (COP), exergy destruction rate, and second law efficiencies of the WWC and VCR system were calculated under different WW temperatures and flowrates. Increasing volumetric flowrate of WW from 200 L/h to 400 L/h caused 4.4% improvement in COP, 12.0% reduction in exergy destruction, and 10.3% increase in exergy efficiency. © 2019 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Exergy

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A sketch interface for robust and natural robot control

A sketch interface for robust and natural robot control

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作者： Shah, Danelle Schneider, Joseph Campbell, Mark Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 United States Lexington MA 02420 United States Systems Engineering Program Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 United States Global Foundries Malta NY 12020 United States

In this paper, a novel approach for commanding mobile robots using a probabilistic multistroke sketch interface is presented. Drawing from prior work in handwriting recognition, sketches are modeled as a variable duration hidden Markov model, where the distributions on the states and transitions are learned from training data. A forward search algorithm is used to find the most likely sketch given the observations on the strokes, interstrokes, and gestures. A heuristic is implemented to discourage breadth-first search behavior, and is shown to greatly reduce computation time while sacrificing little accuracy. To avoid recognition errors, the recognized sketch is displayed to the user for confirmation;a rejection prompts the algorithm to search for and display the next most likely sketch. Upon confirmation of the recognized sketch, the robot executes the appropriate behaviors. A set of experiments was conducted in which operators controlled a single mobile robot in an indoor search-and-identify mission. Operators performed two missions using the proposed sketch interface and two missions using a more conventional point-and-click interface. On average, missions conducted using sketch control were performed as well as those using the point-and-click interface, and results from user surveys indicate that more operators preferred using sketch control. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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Structural health monitoring: Frequency domain analysis of beam with breathing crack 2

Structural health monitoring: Frequency domain analysis of b...

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2nd International Conference on Biospheric Harmony Advanced Research, ICOBAR 2020

作者： Gunawan, F.E. Kanto, Y. Kamil, I. Sutikno Tran, H.N. Industrial Engineering Department BINUS Graduate Program-Master of Industrial Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Mechanical Systems Engineering College of Engineering Ibaraki University Ibaraki Japan Department of Industrial Faculty of Engineering Andalas University Padang Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia Department of Automotive Engineering Faculty of Transportation Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system can be considered as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) system implemented to engineering structure to provide real-time information on the integrity of the structure. In doing so, the system acquires data from various sensors distributed across the structure and infers damage sensitive quantities. In the research, we proposed a damage index derived from the governing dynamics of the structure in the frequency domain. The proposal was empirically verified by applying the index to analyze the case of a cracked cantilever beam subjected to a harmonic load. The value of the damage index was computed at some points surrounding the crack to understand the effect of the distance of the monitoring point to the crack to the index sensitivity. The results suggest that the index is sensitive to the crack particularly when the observation point is near the crack. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Internet of things

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Modeling an optimal temperature field in a thermoplastic medium

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Journal of Mathematical Sciences 2001年第2期107卷 3719-3721页

作者： Gryshchenko, O.Y. Potapenko, L.I. Stelya, O.B. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI 96822 United States Department of Biology Arts-Sciences Faculty Gazi University 06500 Ankara Turkey Environmental Systems Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of Regina Regina S4S 0A2 Sask Canada

We consider the problem of constructing an optimal temperature field in a medium with the use of thin films of polymeric semiconductors when visualizing a hidden image. © 2001 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

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engineering for global development: Characterizing the discipline through a systematic literature review

Engineering for global development: Characterizing the disci...

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ASME 2020 International Design engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in engineering Conference, IDETC-CIE 2020

作者： Burleson, Grace Austin, Jesse-Breneman Design Science Program Integrated Systems and Design University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Global Design Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791884010

Over the past 50 years, researchers have repeatedly proposed the establishment of a new interdisciplinary engineering field in engineering for Global Development (EGD), whose analytical tools and design processes result in positive social impacts and poverty alleviation in a global development context. Within each discipline and research area, a growing body of work has sought to systematically create scientific knowledge in this area. However, a recent network analysis of Human-Centered Design plus Development research indicates that sub-communities are not collaborating at a high level and therefore the overall research agenda may lack cohesion. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of EGD research within mechanical engineering along four dimensions through a systematic literature review and secondary data analysis. Results from the review and a Latent Dirichlet Allocation model indicate EGD work in mechanical engineering draws upon research methodologies from a number of other fields and has low levels of consensus on technical terminology. These results suggest consensus in the broader interdisciplinary EGD field should be examined. Copyright © 2020 ASME.

关键词： Statistics

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Sizing the navy's strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2000年第6期112卷 17-25页

作者： Breslin, DA Smith, DE Toms, GS [?]1David A. Breslin P.E. is the Director of Technical Operations for the Naval Surface Warfare Center and is the Chairperson of ASNE'S Committee on Environmental Engineering. He received a master of science degree in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI) a master of engineering administration degree in industrial and systems engineering from VPI and a bachelor of engineering degree in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology. From 1993 to 1997 he was the program manager of the Naval Sea Systems Command'S CFC & Halon Elimination Program and played a critical role in establishing the Navy'S strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances. Because of his many efforts he received a Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1995 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of “exceptional contributions to global environmental protection”.

The domestic production of the most powerful Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) has permanently ceased and the abundant supplies of a number of refrigerants, fire-fighting agents, and solvents, once taken for granted, are now a thing of the past. ne Navy has adopted a successful strategy for addressing the threat posed by the unavailability of ODSs. That strategy includes relying on a strategic reserve of ODSs. Considering that the strategic reserve will play a critical role in sustained fleet operations well into the next century, it is important to record the history of the reserve and to document lessons learned in order to educate future generations that may be faced with similar challenges. This is the second of three papers that will cover all aspects of the Navy's strategic reserve of ODSs. The first paper documented the history of the Navy's effort to size, establish, and monitor a reserve designed to support fleet operations until-the middle of the next century (1). This paper addresses in detail the process used to estimate the required size of the reserve, including the survey method, statistical analyses, and sizing algorithms. The third paper will discuss the development of the plan for monitoring the reserve including the control mechanisms, regression methods, and statistical-process-control techniques (2).

关键词： Survey Methodology Fleet management Refrigerants Ozone depleting substances strategic reserves

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Navy's CFC & Halon elimination program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2000年第1期112卷 91-112页

作者： Toms, GS Breslin, DA Brunner, GP Thill, JC Gregory S. Toms RE:is the CFC & Halon Elimination Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland and a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from West Virginia University. From 1984 to 1997 he was employed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Annapolis Detachment (formerly David Taylor Research Center) where he worked on the development of advanced centrifugal compressor air conditioning plants for shipboard applications. He received the Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1998 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of his exceptional leadership and technical achievements in eliminating ozone-depleting substances from Navy ships. He is licensed as a registered Professional Engineer in the state of Texas. David A. Breslin P.E.:is the Director of Technical Operations for the Naval Surface Warfare Center and is the Chairperson of the ASNE Committee on Environmental Engineering. He received a master of science in aerospace engineering from Virginia Tech in 1991 a master of engineering administration in industrial & systems engineering from Virginia Tech in 1991 and a bachelor of engineering in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1985. From 1993 to 1997 he was the program manager of the Naval Sea Systems Command's CFC & Halon Elimination Program. Because of his many efforts he received a Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1995 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of “exceptional contributions to global environmental protection”. Gregory P. Brunner:was employed by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center and Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) from 1983 until 1997. From 1993 to 1997 he served as the R&D program manager for the NAVSEA CFC & Halon Elimination Program Office. Program efforts resulted in the development of new refrigerants for backfit into existing shipboard air-conditioning

The domestic production of the most powerful Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) has permanently ceased and the abundant supplies of a number of inexpensive refrigerants, fire-fighting agents, and solvents, once taken for granted, are now a thing of the past. The Navy's original strategy of conserving ODSs, converting systems and processes where feasible, relying on strategic reserves where necessary, and developing "ozone-friendly" equip ment for new-design surface ships and submarines is succeeding. The purpose of this paper is to document the Navy's efforts to date relative to combating the threat to uninterrupted Fleet operations posed by the cessation of ODS production. Specifically, this paper addresses the Navy's shipboard conversion programs for air-conditioning and refrigeration (AC&R) systems, the development of next-generation AC&R systems, the selection of halon substitutes for new-construction fire-fighting systems, and the Navy's alternative to CFC-113 in the cleaning of critical oxygen systems.

关键词： conversion program Ozone depleting substances trichlorotrifluoroethane GRANTS fire fighting strategic reserves Solvents oxygen systems Submarine Halons

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Using an adjacent pulse repetition interval length as a scale for length measurement directly linked to a femtosecond optical frequency comb

Using an adjacent pulse repetition interval length as a scal...

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Frontiers in Optics, FIO 2012

作者： Wei, Dong Matsumoto, Hirokazu Global COE Program Mechanical Systems Innovation School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Department of Precision Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan

The possibility of using an adjacent pulse repetition interval length (APRIL) as a scale, which is directly linked to a femtosecond optical frequency comb length standard tool, is investigated and demonstrated. ©... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529565

关键词： Natural frequencies

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The effect of stiffness and curvature on the haptic identification of surfaces

The effect of stiffness and curvature on the haptic identifi...

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World Haptics Conference

作者： V.S. Chib J.L. Patton K.M. Lynch F.A. Mussa-Ivaldi Biomedical Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Mechanical Systems Northwestern University USA Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University USA Laboratory for Intelligent Mechanical Systems Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Sensory Motor Performance Program Biomedical Engineering Department of Physiology Northwestern University

We perform experiments to investigate how humans acquire an internal representation of virtual objects through the execution of reaching movements across the object surface. Subjects were instructed to make reaching movements between points lying on the boundary of a planar virtual surface of varying stiffness. Results suggest two types of internal representation: force perturbations and object boundaries. In the first case, a rectilinear hand movement is enforced by opposing the interaction forces. In the second case, the trajectory is conformed to the object boundary so as to reduce interaction forces. While this dichotomy is evident for very rigid and very soft objects, the likelihood of identifying a surface boundary depended, in a smooth and monotonic way, on the average force experienced in the first movements. This continuum of interactive behaviors suggests that the nervous system uses a weighted combination of two control strategies, one generating a compensatory response, the other a compliant motion.

关键词： Haptic interfaces Biomedical engineering Laboratories Intelligent systems Intelligent sensors mechanical systems Humans mechanical engineering Physiology Nervous system

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Enhancing range of transport in Optical Tweezers assisted microfluidic chambers using automated stage motion

Enhancing range of transport in Optical Tweezers assisted mi...

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ASME 2013 International Design engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in engineering Conference, IDETC/CIE 2013

作者： Chowdhury, Sagar Švec, Petr Thakur, Atul Wang, Chenlu Losert, Wolfgang Gupta, Satyandra K. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland College Park College Park MD 20742 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Patna Patliputra Patna 800013 Denmark Department of Physics Biophysics Program University of Maryland College Park College Park MD 20742 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park College Park MD 20742 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791855843

In this paper, we present a planning approach for automated high-speed transport of cells over large distances inside an Optical Tweezers (OT) assisted microfluidic chamber. The transport is performed in three steps that combine the optical trap and motorized stage motions. This includes optical trapping and transporting the cells to form a desired cell-ensemble that is suitable for a long distance transport, automatically moving the motorized stage to transport the cell-ensemble over a large distance while avoiding static obstacles, and distributing the cells from the ensemble to the desired locations using OT. The speeds of optical traps and the motorized stage are determined by modeling the motion of the particle under the influence of optical trap. The desired cell-ensemble is automatically determined based on the geometry of the microfluidic chamber. We have developed a greedy heuristic method for optimal selection of the initial and the final location of the cell-ensemble to minimize the overall transport time while satisfying the constraints of the OT workspace. We have discussed the computational com- plexity of the developed method and compared it with exhaustive combinatorial search. The approach is particularly useful in applications where cells are needed to be rapidly distributed inside a microfluidic chamber. We show the capability of our planning approach using physical experiments. Copyright © 2013 by ASME.

关键词： Cells

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