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NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and systems (AHS)

作者： Daniel M. Muñoz Carlos H. Llanos Leandro dos Santos Coelho Mauricio Ayala-Rincón Electronics Engineering Graduate Program Faculty of Gama University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program LAS/PPGEPS Pontifical Catholic University of Parana Curitiba Parana Brazil Departments of Computer Science and Mathematics University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467363822

The firefly algorithm (FA) is a new population-based metaheuristic bioinspired on the behavior of the flashing characteristics of fireflies. As a population-based algorithm, the FA suffers from large execution times specifically for embedded optimization problems with computational limitations. For reducing execution times we propose a hardware parallel architecture of the FA algorithm that facilitates the implementation in Field programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). In addition, this work proposes the application of the opposition-based learning (OBL) approach to the FA algorithm. The respective hardware implementation (HPOFA) was mapped into a Virtex5 FPGA device and numerical experiments using four well-known benchmark problems demonstrate that the opposition-based approach allows the FA algorithm to improve its functionality, preserving the swarm diversity and avoiding the premature convergence problem. Synthesis results point out that the HPOFA architecture is effectively mapped in hardware and is suitable for embedded applications.

关键词： Hardware Computer architecture Optimization Equations Random access memory Field programmable gate arrays Search problems

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A partially permeable mixed-mode crack embedded in a functionally graded magneto electro elastic layer

A partially permeable mixed-mode crack embedded in a functio...

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13th International Conference on Fracture（ICF13）

作者： Mongi Rekik Sami El-Borgi Zoubeida Ounaies Applied Mechanics and Systems Research Laboratory Tunisia Polytechnic School University of CarthageB.P.743.La Marsa 2078Tunisia Applied Mechanics and Systems Research Laboratory Tunisia Polytechnic SchoolUniversity of CarthageB.P.743La Marsa 2078Tunisia Texas A&M University at Qatar Engineering BuildingMechanical Engineering ProgramDohaQatar Department of Mechanical Engineering the Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

This paper focuses on the study of the influence of a partially permeable mixed-mode crack on the coupled response of a functionally graded magneto electro elastic material(FGMEEM).The crack is embedded in a 2D layer subjected to magneto electro mechanical *** material is graded in the direction orthogonal to the crack plane and is modeled

关键词： A partially permeable mixed-mode crack embedded in a functionally graded magneto electro elastic layer

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Origin of Overstretching Transitions in Single-Stranded Nucleic Acids

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Physical Review Letters 2013年第18期111卷 188302-188302页

作者： Zackary N. Scholl Mahir Rabbi David Lee Laura Manson Hanna S-Gracz Piotr E. Marszalek Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Material Systems Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27708 USA

We combined single-molecule force spectroscopy with nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and molecular mechanics simulations to examine overstretching transitions in single-stranded nucleic acids. In single-stranded DNA and single-stranded RNA there is a low-force transition that involves unwinding of the helical structure, along with base unstacking. We determined that the high-force transition that occurs in polydeoxyadenylic acid single-stranded DNA is caused by the cooperative forced flipping of the dihedral angle formed between four atoms, O5’-C5’-C4’-C3’ (γ torsion), in the nucleic acid backbone within the canonical B-type helix. The γ torsion also flips under force in A-type helices, where the helix is shorter and wider as compared to the B-type helix, but this transition is less cooperative than in the B type and does not generate a high-force plateau in the force spectrums of A-type helices. We find that a similar high-force transition can be induced in polyadenylic acid single-stranded RNA by urea, presumably due to disrupting the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the backbone. We hypothesize that a pronounced high-force transition observed for B-type helices of double stranded DNA also involves a cooperative flip of the γ torsion. These observations suggest new fundamental relationships between the canonical structures of single-and double-stranded DNA and the mechanism of their molecular elasticity.

关键词： NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy SINGLE-stranded DNA NUCLEOTIDE sequence DEOXYRIBOSE ATOMIC force microscopy

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Acid-base chemical reaction model for nucleation rates in the polluted atmospheric boundary layer

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2013年第1期1527卷 647-650页

作者： Modi Chen Mari Titcombe Jingkun Jiang Coty Jen Chongai Kuang Marc L. Fischer Fred L. Eisele J. Ilja Siepmann David R. Hanson Jun Zhao Peter H. McMurry Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN and Environmental Program Colorado College Colorado Springs CO USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN and Department of Environmental Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Environmental Sciences Department Brookhaven National Lab NY USA Sustainable Energy Systems Group LBL Berkeley CA USA National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Department of Chemistry Augsburg College Minneapolis MN USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN and National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA

Measurements of aerosol number distributions down to one molecule have provided information that we’ve used to develop a new approach for modeling atmospheric nucleation rates. Measurements were carried out with the Cluster Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (Cluster CIMS), the scanning mobility spectrometer using a diethylene glycol condensation particle counter as detector (DEG SMPS), and an ambient pressure proton transfer mass spectrometer for ammonia and amines (AmPMS). The model explains nucleation as a result of cluster evolution due to a sequence of acid-base reactions. We conclude that the smallest stable cluster contains four sulfuric acid molecules. The model leads to a simple analytic expression for nucleation rates that is reasonably consistent (i.e., ± 10x) with atmospheric observations. The model predicts that nucleation rates are equal to a prefactor, P<1, times the sulfuric acid vapor collision rate, (i.e., J=P⋅0.5⋅k11 *[H2SO4]2 ).

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Length measurement based on Pulse repetition interval of a femtosecond optical frequency comb 12

Length measurement based on Pulse repetition interval of a f...

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12th International Conference of the European Society for Precision engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2012

作者： Wei, Dong Takamasu, Kiyoshi Matsumoto, Hirokazu Global COE Program Mechanical Systems Innovation School of Engineering University of Tokyo Japan Department of Precision Engineering University of Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780956679000

We proposed pulse repetition interval-based Excess Fraction (PRIEF) method which can be realized in a modified Michelson interferometer for an arbitrary and absolute length measurement directly linked to a femtosecond optical frequency comb. In the modified Michelson interferometer an arbitrary and absolute distance can be estimation as an integral multiples and a fraction of the pulse repetition interval. The PRIEF method can be regarded as a multi-pulse repetition interval version of the multiple pulse train interference-based length measurement method. We can measure a fraction part by determining the distance between the peaks of an obtained multiple pulse trains interference fringes, and use conventional Excess Fraction method to decide integer part for an arbitrary and absolute length.

关键词： Natural frequencies

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Potential of standardization and certification for successful lean implementations

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Journal of Enterprise Transformation 2013年第3期3卷 211-232页

作者： Degirmenci, Tamer Yegul, Mustafa Fatih Erenay, Fatih Safa Striepe, Soeren Yavuz, Mustafa Program Management Department Bursa Eskisehir Bilecik Development Agency (BEBKA) Bursa Turkey Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada Department of Management Sciences University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada Business Unit Magna E-Car Systems Aurora ON Canada

A successful lean implementation is the key for lean enterprise transformation. However, many companies are struggling to change the culture in their system and are having problems in adapting lean principles. In this article, we discuss whether lean standardization and professional lean certification (LS&C) has the potential to promote successful lean implementation leading to a lean enterprise transformation. For this purpose, we first analyzed the concepts of LS&C and reviewed the existing ones, including J4000 through literature review and personal communications with lean experts. We also conducted a survey among lean professionals to get feedback about their attitudes toward LS&C. The survey results suggest that there is significant support for LS&C, as around 60% of the survey attendants believe LS&C would eliminate problems in implementing lean principles. However, the awareness of existing standards among lean practitioners is very low, which indicates the need for development of new lean standards and/or better promotion. Our survey results also suggest that the level of support for lean standardization depends on many factors, including positions of the professionals and extent of companies’ lean experience. © IIE, INCOSE.

关键词： Awareness of lean standardization Lean standards and certification SAE J4000 Significance analysis Successful lean implementation Survey analysis

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Comparison experiment for pulse repetition interval based length measurement linked to a femtosecond optical frequency comb

Comparison experiment for pulse repetition interval based le...

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20th IMEKO World Congress 2012

作者： Wei, Dong Takamasu, Kiyoshi Matsumoto, Hirokazu Global COE Program - Mechanical Systems Innovation School of Engineering University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Precision Engineering University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781627481908

As an alternative to the conventional method, which length measurement is performed as a function of the wavelength of a monochromatic laser source, we proposed the method of measuring arbitrary and absolute length using the pulse repetition interval of a femtosecond optical frequency comb (FOFC - the national standard tool for measuring length in Japan). A helium-neon laser evaluation system was developed for distance determination comparison experiment and its uncertainty estimation was performed in order to validate the proposed method.

关键词： Natural frequencies

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A sketch interface for robust and natural robot control

A sketch interface for robust and natural robot control

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作者： Shah, Danelle Schneider, Joseph Campbell, Mark Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 United States Lexington MA 02420 United States Systems Engineering Program Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 United States Global Foundries Malta NY 12020 United States

In this paper, a novel approach for commanding mobile robots using a probabilistic multistroke sketch interface is presented. Drawing from prior work in handwriting recognition, sketches are modeled as a variable duration hidden Markov model, where the distributions on the states and transitions are learned from training data. A forward search algorithm is used to find the most likely sketch given the observations on the strokes, interstrokes, and gestures. A heuristic is implemented to discourage breadth-first search behavior, and is shown to greatly reduce computation time while sacrificing little accuracy. To avoid recognition errors, the recognized sketch is displayed to the user for confirmation;a rejection prompts the algorithm to search for and display the next most likely sketch. Upon confirmation of the recognized sketch, the robot executes the appropriate behaviors. A set of experiments was conducted in which operators controlled a single mobile robot in an indoor search-and-identify mission. Operators performed two missions using the proposed sketch interface and two missions using a more conventional point-and-click interface. On average, missions conducted using sketch control were performed as well as those using the point-and-click interface, and results from user surveys indicate that more operators preferred using sketch control. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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Using an adjacent pulse repetition interval length as a scale for length measurement directly linked to a femtosecond optical frequency comb

Using an adjacent pulse repetition interval length as a scal...

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Frontiers in Optics, FIO 2012

作者： Wei, Dong Matsumoto, Hirokazu Global COE Program Mechanical Systems Innovation School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Department of Precision Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan

The possibility of using an adjacent pulse repetition interval length (APRIL) as a scale, which is directly linked to a femtosecond optical frequency comb length standard tool, is investigated and demonstrated. ©... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529565

关键词： Natural frequencies

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Automated indirect transport of biological cells with optical tweezers using planar gripper formations

Automated indirect transport of biological cells with optica...

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2012 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and engineering: Green Automation Toward a Sustainable Society, CASE 2012

作者： Chowdhury, Sagar Thakur, Atul Wang, Chenlu Svec, Petr Losert, Wolfgang Gupta, Satyandra K. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Biophysics Program University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Department of Physics Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467304283

Optical tweezers are used for manipulation of micron-sized dielectric beads and cells. Some biological cells are vulnerable to photo damage if subjected to laser-based direct manipulation. In such cases, precise manipulation of these cells can be accomplished by using gripper formations made up of silica beads, which are actuated by optical tweezers. Manual indirect manipulation of cells using grippers made of optically trapped beads is a time consuming process or sometimes just impossible. This paper presents an approach for automated micromanipulation using gripper formations and heuristic based path planning for collision-free transport of biological cells. The objective of the developed planner is to transport target cells to their respective goal positions in the minimum time. we evaluated the performance of different gripper formations in terms of gripper stability, speed of transport, and required laser power using experiments. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Grippers

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