A new analysis approach is developed for hand-arm vibration analysis of musculoskeletal disorders. At a given equilibrium point, the musculo-tendon system can be interpreted as a spring damper system. It is considered...
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A new analysis approach is developed for hand-arm vibration analysis of musculoskeletal disorders. At a given equilibrium point, the musculo-tendon system can be interpreted as a spring damper system. It is considered that the Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) and Lumbrical (LU) are participating in the response to the vibration force. The study shows that realistic muscle models should be included in the vibration analysis of the hand-arm exposed to tool vibration. The hand-arm system is found to have a redundancy in muscles because it has many more muscles than the minimum number required to establish equilibrium in gripping. An important observation is that bigger extrinsic muscles carry most of the static load to generate the grip force, and smaller muscles carry most tool vibration force at high frequencies.
The vibration response of small arteries is studied by modeling the system as an elastic tube filled with incompressible fluid embedded in an elastic foundation. The entire artery system is represented by a series of ...
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The vibration response of small arteries is studied by modeling the system as an elastic tube filled with incompressible fluid embedded in an elastic foundation. The entire artery system is represented by a series of circuits and the segments of the artery system is considered to be small oscillatory dynamic systems connected serially by the fluid impedance. The resonance frequency of the digital artery is calculated with 0.1mm thickness, 0.49 Poisson's ratio, 15 MPa Young's modulus and 50mm length of the vessel. When the cochlea are subjected to sound of a given frequency. the basilar membrane vibrates with large amplitude at a particular position, and the position depends on the frequency of the sound. A very interesting observation is that when the input is from the large diameter side, the same artery system does not show any spatial resonance.
A gauge block evaluation system was developed and its uncertainty estimation was performed for distance determination using the repetition interval of a femtosecond optical frequency comb - the national standard tool ...
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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is able to restore motor function of spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. To make adaptive FES control taking into account the actual muscle state with muscular feedback informat...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467317375
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is able to restore motor function of spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. To make adaptive FES control taking into account the actual muscle state with muscular feedback information, torque estimation and prediction are important to be provided beforehand. Evoked EMG (eEMG) has been found to be highly correlated with FES-induced torque under various muscle conditions, indicating that it can be an useful tool for torque/force prediction. To better construct the relationship between eEMG and stimulated muscular torque, nonlinear-arx-type (NARX-type) model is preferred. This paper presents and exploits a NARX-type recurrent neural network (NARX-RNN) model for identification and prediction of FES-induced muscular dynamics with eEMG. Such NARX-RNN model is with a novel architecture for prediction, with robust prediction performance. To make fast convergence for identification of such NARX-RNN, directly-learning pattern is exploited during the learning phase. Due to difficulty of choosing a proper forgetting factor of Kalman filter for predicting time-variant torque with eEMG, such NARX-RNN may be considered to be a better alternative as torque predictor. Data gathered from two SCI patients is used to evaluate the proposed NARX-RNN model. The NARX-RNN model shows promising estimation and prediction performance only based on eEMG.
Artificial bee colony (ABC) is an optimization algorithm inspired on the intelligent behavior of honey bee swarms. It is suitable to be applied when mathematical techniques are impractical or provide suboptimal soluti...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467312073
Artificial bee colony (ABC) is an optimization algorithm inspired on the intelligent behavior of honey bee swarms. It is suitable to be applied when mathematical techniques are impractical or provide suboptimal solutions. As a population-based algorithm, the ABC suffers on large execution times specifically for embedded optimization problems with computational limitations. For that we propose a hardware parallel architecture of the opposition-based ABC algorithm (HPOABC) that facilitates the implementation in Field programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Numerical simulations using four well-known benchmark problems demonstrate that the opposition-based approach allows the algorithm to improve its functionality, preserving the swarm diversity. Additionally, synthesis results point outs that the HPOABC architecture is effectively mapped in hardware and is suitable for embedded applications.
Omnidirectional vision systems have been used for mobile robots localization and navigation, taking advantage of a panoramic view for detecting objects. This paper presents a pipelined hardware architecture for image ...
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Based on the molecular dynamics simulation and an elastic shell model, we investigated the intrinsic loss under dynamic excitations in single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) due to the anelastic relaxation mechanism. W...
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Based on the molecular dynamics simulation and an elastic shell model, we investigated the intrinsic loss under dynamic excitations in single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) due to the anelastic relaxation mechanism. We quantified the anelastic property of SWCNTs, i.e., the creep compliances, and showed them to be on the order of 1 (TPa-1) and sensitive to both the radius of SWCNT and the loading rate. Furthermore, our study showed that the time scale for a SWCNT to fully achieve its equilibrium elastic property through anelastic relaxation is on the order of nanosecond. This leads to significant intrinsic loss and damping for SWCNT resonators operating at the Gigahertz frequency range. Both the loss angle and quality (Q) factor of SWCNT were found to be strongly dependent on the load frequency. A dissipation peak and thus a low Q factor were observed in the Gigahertz frequency range. On the other hand, high Q factor and low dissipation were achieved in the range of low (
This paper proposes an algorithm for trajectory planning based on the motion of Brownian particles. One of the most popular approaches in path planning is to use the artificial potential fields method which, due to it...
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The design-informatics approach has been proposed for next-generation innovative design methodology. The multi-objective problem should be treated in a real-world engineering problem because of the various design requ...
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Sapphire wafers are widely used as the substrates for fabricating GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The quality of LEDs depends directly on the quality of the sapphire wafers. A series of machining processes is requir...
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Sapphire wafers are widely used as the substrates for fabricating GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The quality of LEDs depends directly on the quality of the sapphire wafers. A series of machining processes is required to turn sapphire barstock into wafers with the desired geometry and surface quality. This paper reviews the literature on various machining processes for sapphire wafers: slicing (including outer diameter cut-off grinding, inner diameter cut-off grinding, loose abrasive multi-wire sawing, fixed abrasive slicing, and fixed abrasive multi-wire sawing), flattening (including lapping and grinding), and surface finishing (including mechanical polishing and chemical mechanical polishing). New machining technologies are also introduced.
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