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PROCESS-CONTROL IN A FOREIGN ACQUISITION

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第1期102卷 53-56页

作者： HALPER, ID PRENTICE, GS SELVIDGE, RB Irving D. Halper: attended the City University of New York majoring in mechanical engineering. His career in naval engineering started with various consulting firms prior to his joining the Bureau of Ships in 1963. He is currently the director of the Procurement Appraisal and Logistics Division in the Naval Sea Systems Command's Aircraft Carrier Program Office (PMS 312). George S. Prentice: obtained his B.S. degree in naval architecture from the University of Michigan in 1964. He worked for one and one-half years at Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock before moving to the Naval Sea Systems Command. He is a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and has written several papers for various organizations and publications. Ronald B. Selvidge: obtained his B.S.M.E. from the University of New Orleans in 1985 at which time he obtained his EIT status. He is an assistant engineering project manager for the Deep Submergence and Ocean Engineering Program Office (PMS 395) of the Naval Sea Systems Command. Professional memberships include the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Association of Scientists and Engineers of the Naval Sea Systems Command where he holds the chairmanship of the Legislative Committee.

In 1973, the Boston Naval Shipyard was closed. That shipyard's forge shop was the only source, worldwide, for forged (die-lock) aircraft carrier anchor chain. The Navy determined that a domestic manufacturing facility for large size welded chain was being constructed and decided to develop a specification for a welded carrier anchor chain. Cutbacks in the offshore oil industry stopped construction of that plant and the Navy became dependent on foreign sources. The initial procurement of welded aircraft carrier chain invoked society inspection and certification, and until problems were discovered during shipboard installation, was considered satisfactory. A recheck of the chain, with the certification society's participation, revealed that physical dimensions, breaking strength, and metallurgical properties failed to meet specified values. The next buy of new and replacement chain imposed more stringent QA requirements. It was awarded to the same foreign manufacturer on a competitive bid basis. Because of the prior problems with this vendor, the Navy determined that an on-site inspection team was needed to ensure specification compliance. The experiences of that team are described in this paper. The lessons that were learned relative to the manufacturing process, the lack of communication between QA management and production personnel, and the need for close control over specification enforcement are discussed.

关键词： Chains

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SHIP SERVICE ELECTRICAL systems - DESIGNING FOR SURVIVABILITY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 32-36页

作者： CERMINARA, J KOTACKA, RO John Cerminara:is a principal engineer with Westinghouse Machinery Technology Division Electrical Systems Department. He holds a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. He is a registered professional engineer and a member of IEEE ASNE and the Ship Steering Group of the Combat Survivability Division of ADPA. Mr. Cerminara has had over 30 years of multidiscipline experience ranging from engineering and construction in heavy industry to standards and publications. Past assignments include DOE/ NASA wind turbine project manager for Westinghouse and task leader of MTD electrical systems. Most recent assignments have included hull mechanical and electrical (HM&E) distributive system survivability analyses of the LSD-41 mobility mission area and application and validation of NavSea computer-aided design of Survivable Distributive System (CADSDiS) Program. Rolf O. Kotacka:is presently a ship systems engineer in the Ship Systems Engineering Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command Engineering Directorate where his primary responsibility is ship system survivability. He is a 1977 graduate of SUNY Maritime College where he received his bachelor of engineering degree in marine electrical engineering as well as a U.S. Coast Guard Third Assistant Engineer License and a commission in the U. S. Naval Reserve. Upon graduation Mr. Kotacka was employed by Charleston Naval Shipyard as a field engineer until 1981 where he gained his background in surface ship HM&E systems and equipment. He then transferred to the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair Groton where he served as a senior electrical engineer monitoring the design and construction of Trident and 688 class submarines and received the Meritorious Unit Citation. Prior to his present position Mr. Kotacka was the life cycle manager for diesel generator sets in the Naval Sea Systems Command's Generators Branch. He has coauthored several papers dealing with power generation for ASE and SNAME. Mr. Kotacka is also a lieutena

This paper highlights the survivability concerns in the design of ship service power systems. The paper gives a brief description of what constitutes a typical ship service electric power system and concentrates on electric power generation and associated controls. Established survivability design principles and guidelines are highlighted and the application of those guidelines are discussed. General Specifications (Gen Specs) for Ships of the U.S. Navy are cited as the cornerstone for design. Specific design criteria are cited as well as the rationale associated with the survivability design guidelines pertaining to power generation and distribution. The application of these survivability design guidelines plus the use of the deactivation diagram/damage tolerance analysis cited in the Gen Spec section 072e will enhance overall design and help ensure survivable electric power systems for surface combatants.

关键词： Warships

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FLAMMABILITY AND TOXICITY OF COMPOSITE-MATERIALS FOR MARINE VEHICLES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 45-54页

作者： SEVART, JL GRIFFIN, OH GURDAL, Z WARNER, GA Jeffrey L. Sevart:is a native of Kansas and a 1985 graduate of Kansas State University with a B.S. in mechanical engineering (magna cum laude). After working as a stress analysis engineer at Boeing Military Airplane Company in Wichita Kans. he attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and received an M.S. in engineering mechanics in February 1988. He currently resides in Akron Ohio working as a research engineer in tire composites research at The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. O. Hayden Griffin Jr.:received his B.S. and M.S. in mechanical engineering from Texas Tech University in 1970 and 1971 respectively. He received his Ph.D. in engineering mechanics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1980. Prior to joining the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University as associate professor of engineering science and mechanics in September 1985 he was employed at the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center (Dahlgren Virginia) BF Goodrich Tire Group (Akron Ohio) the Bendix Advanced Technology Center (Columbia Maryland) and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (Laurel Maryland). He is currently an associate director of the Virginia Institute for Material Systems. He is a registered professional engineer in Virginia and is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Society for Composites. Zafer Gürdal:received his M.S. in mechanical and aerospace engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1981 and his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985. He worked as a research associate in the Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Department at Virginia Tech before joining the Engineering Science and Mechanics Department as an assistant professor in September 1985. Professor Gürdal's research interests include: composite structures failure mechanics of composites structural optimization and damage tolerant design. He is a member of the American Institute

Characteristics of both thermoplastic and thermoset composite materials as they pertain to marine vehicle applications are discussed. Comparison of various material selection factors such as strength, damage and moisture resistance, and flammability and toxicity as well as cost and availability of thermoset and thermoplastic composite materials are presented. Methods for testing and reducing the flammability and toxicity are discussed. Many commercially available composite systems are reported to provide favorable characteristics for marine applications. Although there seems to be a need for improved production technology for thermoplastics, they present potential advantages in physical properties over thermoset composites.

关键词： Composite Materials

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FIELD METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF GROUND-WATER REDOX CHEMICAL-PARAMETERS

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1990年第4期10卷 81-89页

作者： WALTONDAY, K MACALADY, DL BROOKS, MH TATE, VT Katherine Walton-Day received an A.B. in geology from Smith College (1981) and an M.S. in geology from the Colorado School of Mines (1986). She is currently a Ph.D. candidate in geology at the Colorado School of Mines and is employed as a geologist at the U. S. Geological Survey Geologic Division in Denver Colorado(USGS Box 25046 MS973 Denver CO 80225). Her research involves studying the processes controlling the mobility of trace metals in pristine and contaminated natural systems. Donald L. Macalady received a B.S. in chemical engineering from Pennsylvania State University in 1963 and a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1969. He has held positions at Grinnell College (1968–1970) Northern Michigan University (1970–1982) and the Colorado School of Mines (1982-present) (Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401). His research interests include chemical reactions of anthropogenic organic chemicals in natural water systems chemistry of metals and metal-organic complexes in natural and polluted water systems aqueous analytical chemistry and surface chemistry of natural particles. He is a member of ACS AAAS and ASLO and serves as an associate editor to the Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. Myron H. Brooks received a B.S. in biology from Emory University (1979). He is a graduate student in the Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry at the Colorado School of Mines. Brooks is a research chemist for the U. S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division in Arvada Colorado (USGS Box 25046 MS408 Denver CO 80225). He has participated in numerous investigations of ground water surface water and wet deposition chemistry over the last 10 years. His current research is focused on microbial processes in contaminated ground water. Vernon T. Tate studied mechanical engineering at the University of Denver. He was employed by Union Carbide for 27 years. While employed by Union Carbide he worked as an analyst was in charge of developing a QA/QC lab for

An inexpensive, versatile, and portable system is presented, which facilitates rapid field determinations of redox potentials, pH, conductivity, ferrous and total iron, nitrite, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. Accuracy is facilitated by on-site measurements of most parameters using specially constructed flow-through cells and, for several analyses, sealed reagent ampoules, which can be broken and developed inside a flowing stream of ground water. Coupled with laboratory analyses of more stable ground water parameters, this system can provide accurate and relatively inexpensive determinations of redox conditions in ground water.

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FLEXIBLE AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING-SYSTEM

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JOURNAL OF mechanical WORKING TECHNOLOGY 1989年第C期20卷 433-440页

作者： MAZOUZ, AK HAN, CP Assistant Professors Manufacturing Systems Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA

This paper discusses the development of an expert system based on axis orientation of the parts in a three dimensional system. For any part fed to a machine cell, the material handling planning system presents the part to the assembly robot in the desired orientation. Group Technology classification and coding method is used for part identification, as well as for the feeding mechanism design.

关键词： Materials Handling

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THE SURFACE SHIP MAINTENANCE CHALLENGE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 73-81页

作者： JACOBS, KS SMITH, BD Kenneth S. Jacobs:is the acting director of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Surface Ship Maintenance Office. Originally trained as a data systems technician he attended Old Dominion University in Norfolk Virginia graduating with a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering in 1975. Over the course of the last 13 years Mr. Jacobs has served in NavSea as a project engineer for boats and service craft the type desk for AFS AOR AO and AOG ship types and as manager of the Amphibious and Auxiliary Ship Maintenance Strategy Program where he was instrumental in the development and implementation of the Phased Maintenance Program. He is a member of Tau Beta Pi. Bertram D. Smith Jr.:is a vice president of American Management Systems Inc. and engineering technical director of its defense business unit. He received his B.S. in engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1957 and his M.S. and naval engineer degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963. His experience includes shipboard operational engineering shipyard production planning and conversion project management carrier type commander maintenance engineering NavSea program management and private sector engineering management consulting. A member of ASNE since 1961 he is also a member of ASME and SNAME.

Current and projected future reductions in fleet maintenance funding are compelling the issue of ship maintenance requirements to be rethought on many different levels within the Navy. The Surface Ship Maintenance Office (SSMO) in the Naval Sea systems Command has been involved with many different aspects of the problem. Recognizing the two different aspects of the challenge — doing the right things and doing things right — SSMO has been involved with improvements to front-end maintenance planning: doing the right things. These improvements are being formulated for action on three different levels. The first level involves changes to maintenance management philosophy, dealing with maintenance as a technology subject to systematic processes. The second level involves specific NavSea initiatives to strengthen the technical basis for maintenance requirements. The third level involves actions available to the fleet itself to provide relief. Today's surface ship maintenance funding environment provides both a challenge and an opportunity for improvement. The challenge is to adapt successfully to constrained maintenance resources; the opportunity is to pioneer new approaches to make this possible and establish the precedent for years to come. The groundwork necessary has been laid and work to meet the challenge has begun.

关键词： Naval Vessels

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NAVAL LITHIUM BATTERY SAFETY program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 260-266页

作者： SHULER, SC MORANSKI, JW Stanley C. Shuler:is manager of the High Energy Battery Systems Branch Electrochemical Power Systems Division Electronic Support Department Naval Weapons Support Center Crane Indiana. He received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Tri-State University in 1971 and served as an active duty naval aviator for seven years. After joining the Naval Weapons Support Center in 1980 Mr. Shuler was responsible for establishing the Lithium Battery Safety Program for the Navy Sonobuoy Program and provided lithium battery test and engineering support to various Navy/DoD programs for over eight years. Recently Mr. Shuler assisted the Naval Sea Systems Command in creating updated policy for the Naval Lithium Battery Safety Program and was instrumental in establishing Crane as the fleet engineering support agent for lithium batteries. Currently he is developing routine and emergency disposal procedures and methods for Navy-wide users of lithium batteries in support of the Naval Sea Systems Command. John W. Moranski:is a supervisory electrical engineer in the High Energy Battery Systems Branch Electrochemical Power Systems Division Electronic Support Department Naval Weapons Support Center Crane Indiana. He received his B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in 1984. Mr. Moranski has been responsible for several lithium battery developmental testing projects since joining the Naval Weapons Support Center in 1985. The projects Mr. Moranski has been responsible for involved lithium battery pack design environmental testing discharge performance testing and safety evaluation testing. Currently he is participating in lithium battery powered systems safety reviews with the Naval Sea Systems Command Safety Division.

The stringent performance requirements of present and future naval battery powered systems necessitate the use of advanced lithium batteries with extended energy and life characteristics. In recent years, battery manufacturers in the United States and various foreign nations have been developing new lithium batteries using lithium metal anodes coupled with either carbon monofluoride (CF) x , sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), thionyl chloride (SOCI 2 ) or other cathode materials. These batteries represent a major breakthrough as primary power sources and provide certain unique advantages over conventional electrochemical systems. The advantages are: (1) a substantial increase in specific energy, (2) higher operating cell voltage, (3) low temperature operation and (4) projected long shelf life. While lithium batteries in general offer five to ten times the specific energy of conventional systems, each design differs from the other in its level of performance and in its hazards. The Naval Lithium Battery Safety program addresses these hazards within the areas of acquisition, design, use, packaging, storage, transportation, and disposal. The safety program also establishes minimum safety test requirements for lithium batteries in lithium battery powered equipment when used by the Navy or on Navy facilities.

关键词： Electric Batteries

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A Method for Determining the Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness of Ferritic Materials 19

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19th National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics

作者： Barker, D.B. Chona, R. Corwin, W.R. Fourney, W.L. Irwin, G.R. Marschall, C.W. Rosenfield, A.R. Wessel, E.T. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A & M University College StationTX77843 United States Heavy Section Steel Technology Program Oak Ridge National Laboratory Martin Marietta Energy Systems Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Physical Metallurgy Section Battelle Columbus Division ColumbusOH43201 United States Haines City FL33844 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780803109728

This paper summarizes the results from a round robin test program that was conducted from 1983 through 1985 to evaluate a proposed ASTM standard test method for determining the crack arrest fracture toughness of ferritic materials. The round robin attracted a total of 27 participants from the United States, Canada, Europe, and Japan, each of whom agreed to test three specimens of A514 bridge steel, three specimens of A588 bridge steel, and six specimens of A533 Grade B, Class 1 reactor pressure vessel steel. Twenty-one participants had completed their testing and forwarded test results when this paper was written, which provided a data base consisting of 54 test results for each of the bridge steels at - 30°C, 70 test results for the reactor steel at 10°C, and 65 test resuhs for the reactor steel at 25°C. This paper summarizes the test procedure followed in the round robin, discusses the results obtained, and provides the rationale for the modifications to the test method that were recommended in light of the experience gained from this test program. The test procedure has since been revised and is now proposed as the ASTM Test for Determining the Plane-Strain Crack-Arrest Fracture Toughness, K,,, of Ferritic Steels (E 1221). Copyright 1988 by ASTM International.

关键词： Fracture toughness

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TEST AND EVALUATION OF THE REVERSIBLE CONVERTER COUPLING REVERSE REDUCTION GEAR

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 128-142页

作者： NUFRIO, RP The author is a project manager in the Technical Coordination Office Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station (NAVSSES) Philadelphia Pennsylvania. He participated in the cooperative education program at Drexel University graduating in 1983 with his BS degree in mechanical engineering. For three years of his industrial cooperative engineering education along with three years after graduation Mr. Nufrio worked in the NAVSSES Machinery Systems Branch Gas Turbine Section. Recently he managed the operation and completion of the Reverse Reduction Gear Land Based Test Site test and evaluation program.

The Reversible Converter Coupling (RCC), designed and manufactured by Franco Tosi Industrial of Italy, underwent testing at the Naval Ship systems engineering Station (NAV-SSES) Philadelphia, Pa. in March 1984. The Franco Tosi RCC concept can be simply described as a conventional hydraulic coupling (i.e., input or pump rotor driving an output or turbine rotor) with a set of stationary blades that can be inserted between the two rotors to reverse the fluid direction and hence the output rotor direction. The purpose of this testing was to test and evaluate a main propulsion reverse reduction gear concept, using the Franco Tosi RCC, for its compatibility and applicability to gas turbine propulsion machinery configurations, specifically the AOE-6 class ship. Satisfactory development of a workable and reliable reversing system permits use of a fixed pitch propeller. The RCC models tested were the Original Type “79,” the Type “79” Prototype, the Type “79” Production, the Type “84” Production, and the Type “84A” Production. A series of tests was conducted to verify rotor integrity, determine RCC efficiency, evaluate machinery interface, and to determine the overall characteristics of the RCC design. Testing revealed that the Type “79” Production RCC was the most suitable for application on gas turbine powered main propulsion systems. The Type “79” RCC design was approximately 10 percentage points higher in astern efficiency than the Type “84” design and, although the structural integrity of the Type “84” design was superior to the Type “79” design, the Type “79” Production RCC was satisfactory for its intended use without introducing any operational restrictions. The Naval Sea systems Command approved the Type “79” Production RCC for the AOE-6 class ship in April 1986, based on the information acquired during testing.

关键词： GEARS

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THE IMPROVED 16-INCH GUN WEAPON SYSTEM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 194-203页

作者： WHITE, RW ANTONIUK, TH LCdr. Richard W. White USN: is a mechanical engineering instructor at the United States Naval Academy. He holds a BS in naval architecture from the Naval Academy (Class of 1977) and an MS in mechanical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School. An engineering duty officer and a weapons systems subspecialist LCdr. White served as 16-in. ammunition technical direction agent and project manager for battleship improvement programs at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Va. Thomas H. Antoniuk:holds a BS in physics from Seton Hall University and an MBA from the University of Delaware. A Reserve engineering duty officer he has been serving as system analyst for the 16 inch Naval Gunfire Improvement Program for two years at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Va. He previously performed an analysis on the Soviet 100-mm and 130-mm gun systems. He is currently examining the feasibility and operational utility of integrating veloci-meters into the Mk 92 Gun Fire Control System.

The Iowa class battleships are being returned to active service without significant modifications to their 16-inch Gun Weapon System (GWS). The ordnance, 16-in. guns and associated fire control equipment are currently 1940's vintage technology. The reactivation was accomplished without significant modernization to the gun systems due primarily to funding limitations. In the late 1970s naval gunfire had fallen out of vogue and no pressing need for 16-in. GWS improvements existed. With the development and subsequent deployment of the landing craft air cushion (LCAC) and the MV-22A Osprey, naval surface fire support (NSFS) of Marine amphibious operations was reexamined. Specifically, the means of generating supporting fire from surface combatants required extensive analysis. The resulting analysis indicated that the most cost-effective partial solution to the problem was an extensive modernization of the battleship's 16-in./50 GWS. With such a modernization, the range, lethality, and response time of the weapon would be significantly improved. Except for the gun turrets themselves, the 16-in. GWS will be almost completely modernized. Extensive modification of the ordnance and fire control system will be accomplished. This paper first discusses the reasons for the improvement in the 16-in. GWS. It describes, in detail, the new 16-in. ordnance under development, highlighting the operational issues which drive the engineering approach. Finally, the new gun fire control system (FCS) is described. The advantages of streamlining with digital equipment are highlighted. Some unique features of the FCS, which are appropriate in its operational environment, are discussed.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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