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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Lee, Jeonghun Cho, Sungwook Shin, Heemin Kim, Seungbum Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Systems Engineering Cheongju University Chungbuk Cheongju28503 Korea Republic of Department of Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering Cheongju University Chungbuk Cheongju28503 Korea Republic of Unmanned Aircraft System Research Division Aerospace Research Institute Daejeon34133 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The rapid proliferation of civilian drones worldwide has led to numerous issues, including challenges in air traffic management and public safety. In particular, the misuse of illegal drones for unethical activities such as terrorism poses a significant threat, potentially causing catastrophic damage. To mitigate these risks, continuous detection and tracking of drones are essential. Most civilian drones are classified as tiny airborne vehicles, appearing very small in the sky and exhibiting erratic movements, which complicates sustained detection and tracking. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a method that utilizes deep learning object detection technology to extract feature information of objects and continuously detect and track them through probabilistic state estimation. First, the YOLOv8 deep learning model is employed for real-time object detection. The YOLOv8 model effectively detects small, fast-moving airborne objects and acquires their feature information. Subsequently, a particle filter is utilized to track the detected airborne objects by estimating their probabilistic states based on the obtained feature information. Finally, the Hungarian algorithm ensures the optimal matching between detected objects and their tracked states. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves tracking performance, especially in scenarios involving long distances and rapid movements, compared to existing methods. Consequently, this paper presents a robust and efficient approach for the detection and tracking of tiny airborne objects. © 2025, American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Drones

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A Two-Stage Payload Dynamic Parameter Identification Method for Interactive Industrial Robots With Large Components

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IEEE Transactions on automation Science and engineering 2025年 22卷 13871-13883页

作者： Liu, Mingxuan Li, Pengcheng Duan, Jinjun Liu, Lunqian Shen, Ye Tian, Wei Ji, Yuqi Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing210016 China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing System Technology for Complex Products Beijing100854 China Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Company Shanghai200120 China Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Research Institute Shanghai201109 China

Taking human-robot collaborative assembly as an example, the methods based on contact forces can improve the assembly efficiency of industrial robots with large components in industrial manufacturing. However, due to the large size, high payload, assembly accuracy and dynamic changes in grip position, accurately estimating the contact forces between the payload and the operator becomes challenging when handling these large components. In this paper, a two-stage method is proposed for payload dynamic parameter identification. The parameter identification equation in the sensor coordinate system is initially established. Furthermore, the identification model of recursive restricted total least squares (RRTLS) based on total least squares (TLS) is constructed to achieve low-consumption online identification. According to the assembly requirements and payload characteristics, the posture coordinate system is designed for safety, including the feasible workspace for the robot. Subsequently, the static identification postures and dynamic excitation trajectory are planned to obtain static values and dynamic inertial parameters. In the end, a high-payload human-robot collaborative assembly system is built to validate the proposed method. Experimental results show that compared with the existing methods, the proposed approach can effectively identify and compensate the payload, leading to more accurate external force sensing. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Industrial robots

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mechanical Properties Inside Origami-Inspired Structures: An Overview

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Applied Mechanics Reviews 2025年第1期77卷 011001页

作者： Yan, Peng Huang, Hailin Meloni, Marco Li, Bing Cai, Jianguo Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China Key Laboratory of C & PC Structures of Ministry of Education National Prestress Engineering Research Center Southeast University Nanjing211189 China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Morphing Mechanisms and Adaptive Robotics Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China Key University Laboratory of Mechanism Machine Theory and Intelligent Unmanned Systems of Guangdong Habin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China

In recent decades, origami has transitioned from a traditional art form into a systematic field of scientific inquiry, characterized by attributes such as high foldability, lightweight frameworks, diverse deformation modes, and limited degrees-of-freedom. Despite the abundant literature on smart materials, actuation methods, design principles, and manufacturing techniques, comprehensive reviews focusing on the mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures are relatively rare and unsystematic. This review aims to fill this void by analyzing and summarizing the significant studies conducted on the mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures from 2013 to 2023. We begin with an overview that includes essential definitions of origami, classical origami patterns, and their associated tessellated or stacked structures. Following this, we delve into the principal dynamic modeling method for origami and conduct an in-depth analysis of the key mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures. These properties include tunable stiffness, bistability and multistability, metamechanical properties demonstrated by origami-based metamaterials, and bio-inspired mechanical properties. Finally, we conclude with a comprehensive summary that discusses the current challenges and future directions in the field of origami-inspired structures. Our review provides a thorough synthesis of both the mechanical properties and practical applications of origami-inspired structures, aiming to serve as a reference and stimulate further research. © 2025 American Society of mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Durable Ag-Coated Micro-Crack Velcro Electrode for Hi-Fi Bioelectric Signals in Hairy Areas 38

Durable Ag-Coated Micro-Crack Velcro Electrode for Hi-Fi Bio...

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38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro mechanical systems, MEMS 2025

作者： Guo, Jun Fu, Kang Zhang, Zimo Bai, Ruiyu Wang, Xuanqi Xue, Kai Chen, Huazhen Li, Le Hu, Huijing Wang, Minghao Chang, Honglong Ji, Bowen Northwestern Polytechnical University Unmanned System Research Institute China Northwestern Polytechnical University National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology Integrated Research and Development Platform of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology China Northwestern Polytechnical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace School of Mechanical Engineering China Northwestern Polytechnical University Institute of Medical Research China Hangzhou Dianzi University Moe Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems College of Electronics and Information China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

This paper reports a conductive Velcro electrode with micro-cracks for the first time. The laser-induced micro-cracks increase the surface area of Velcro hooks and facilitate the adhesion of more silver particles. A cluster of Nylon-Ag hook are durable with repeated mechanical compression and multiple washing. After 100 times of compression, the plastic deformation is less than 23 μm ( © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Hooks

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Maximizing solar photovoltaic efficiency with Mist Cooled sandwich bifacial panels under extreme hot climate conditions

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Energy Conversion and Management 2025年 335卷

作者： Said, Zafar Ahmad, Fahad Faraz Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department College of Engineering United Arab Emirates University Al Ain15551 United Arab Emirates Sustainable Energy and Power System Research Centre Research Institute for Science and Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

A novel sandwich bifacial photovoltaic panel system with integrated mist cooling is proposed to enhance energy generation per unit area in photovoltaic installations. Traditional bifacial photovoltaic panels effectively utilize ground reflections. Still, they often encounter high operating temperatures, leading to thermal degradation. This new design features a back-to-back arrangement of two mono-facial photovoltaic panels, incorporating mist cooling between them. This innovative design significantly increases energy density while effectively mitigating thermal degradation. Experimental investigations were conducted under actual outdoor conditions representative of extremely hot climates, with the United Arab Emirates chosen as a specific case study. The experimental results show that the energy yield from the sandwich bifacial photovoltaic panel was 26.05 % higher than that of a standard monofacial photovoltaic panel operating without cooling. For the rear-facing photovoltaic surface temperature, a reduction of 34.03 % is observed for the front surface, and 14.81 % is recorded for the rear surface with mist cooling. The corresponding temperature reduction for the front-facing panel was 20.48 % on a sunny day and 13.18 % on a cloudy day, and the reduction in the rear surface was 9.61 % and 16.02 %, respectively. Such thermal enhancements are expected to yield power gains of 37.14 % on sunny days and 46.02 % on cloudy summer days compared to conventional mono-facial photovoltaic panels. The system demonstrated an annual energy output of 45.34 kWh/m2 more than mono-facial systems, corresponding to an annual economic gain of $5.48/m2. This approach represents one very efficient and practical way to improve the photovoltaic performance without compromising the already-occupied ground surface. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Air conditioning

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One-Step Laser-Induced Dissolvable PVA Mask for 3D Soft Carbon Electrode Array 38

One-Step Laser-Induced Dissolvable PVA Mask for 3D Soft Carb...

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38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro mechanical systems, MEMS 2025

作者： Wang, Xuanqi Xue, Kai Bai, Ruiyu Huang, Ye Zhang, Zimo You, Xiaoli Wang, Minghao Chang, Honglong Ji, Bowen Northwestern Polytechnical University Unmanned System Research Institute China Northwestern Polytechnical University National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology Integrated Research and Development Platform of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology China Northwestern Polytechnical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace School of Mechanical Engineering China Northwestern Polytechnical University Sanhang Institute for Brain Science and Technology China Northwestern Polytechnical University Institute of Medical Research China Hangzhou Dianzi University Moe Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems College of Electronics and Information China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

This paper introduces a 3D soft carbon electrode array, fabricated through a one-step laser-induced process integrating a water-dissolvable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mask. This approach achieves precise conical microstructures and robust conductive channels using hybrid MWCNT@PDMS conductive paste. The soft carbon electrode sites with a 3D conical microstructure are designed to enhance proximity to neural tissue, thereby enhancing electrocorticogram (ECoG) signal quality and enabling effective neural stimulation. The electrode array demonstrates remarkable stretchability (25% over 1,000 cycles without failure) and stability (equivalent to 66 days in vivo). Compared to conventional materials, our electrodes exhibit superior electrochemical properties, including lower impedance (9.7 kΩ at 1 kHz) and higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, 61.7 dB). Thus, this one-step process is a cost-effective, scalable solution for recording and modulating central or peripheral neural tissues. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Carbon electrodes

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Investigation of a New Stacking Pattern of Laminates with Approximately Constant Bending Stiffness

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Polymers 2025年第8期17卷 1098-1098页

作者： Liu, Qingnian Shao, Yingfeng Cai, Yong Li, Long Song, Fan Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China The System Design Institute of Mechanical—Electrical Engineering Beijing100854 China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology Beijing100076 China

To achieve laminates with constant bending stiffness to match the high precision requirement of optical systems made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), a new method, the normalized direction factor of bending stiffness (NDFBS), is proposed based on the normalized geometric factor of bending stiffness. Using NDFBS and its variance (VNDFBS), we investigate two common stacking patterns, I and II ([(θ1)m/(θ2)m/…/(θp)m]S and [(θ1/θ2/…/θp)m]S) and our proposed new stacking pattern, Pattern III ([(θ1/θ2/…/θp)S]m) based on the initial quasi-isotropic laminates, [θ1/θ2/…/θp]. The bending stiffness of the stacking sequence [(45/−45/0/90)S]2 tends to be more uniform than that of [45/−45/0/90]2S, and the order of uniformity in bending stiffness of other stacking sequences is [(60/0/−60)S]4 > [60/0/−60]4S > [(60/0/−60)S]2 > [60/0/−60]2S. Both theoretical deviations and experimental observations confirm that as the cycle number m increased, the uniformity in bending stiffness is improved gradually, except for that of Pattern I. As the cycle number increased, the speed of Pattern III approaching the constant bending stiffness was faster than that of Patterns I and II. Notably, to achieve a nearly identical uniformity in bending stiffness, only the square root of the cycle number of Pattern II was enough for Pattern III. Based on the same initial laminate and cycle number, Pattern III exhibited more uniform bending stiffness and strength, which are appropriate for precision optical components that require dimensional stability, such as space mirrors. © 2025 by the authors.

关键词： Fiber optic components

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Design and Flight Test of a Compact and Rapidly-Deployable Air-Launched Inflatable-Winged Aircraft

Design and Flight Test of a Compact and Rapidly-Deployable A...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Ge, Hang Xu, Yixiang Sun, Donglei Chen, Xinmin Chen, Boyang School of Aerospace Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Zhejiang Ningbo315100 China Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering UNNC-NFTZ Blockchain Laboratory University of Nottingham Ningbo China Zhejiang Ningbo315100 China Advanced Intelligent Manufacturing Research Group Control System Lab University of Nottingham Ningbo China Zhejiang Ningbo315100 China Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Special Aircraft Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Ningbo315100 China

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

In this research, a high-altitude, compact and rapidly deployable, air-launched, inflatablewinged aircraft is designed, developed, and flight-tested to investigate the flight characteristics of inflatable-winged aircraft as well as the in-flight inflation and dynamic deployment properties when launched from various carriers. To start with, two types of inflatable wings employing different materials have been designed, fabricated, and tested, the tests including structural characteristics tests, inflation properties tests, and low-Reynolds-number wind-tunnel tests. A full-scale 30-kilogram prototype unmanned aerial vehicle with inflatable wings was then designed, assembled and tested with some basic low-altitude flights to verify the feasibility of the aerodynamic layout and the trim and stability and control characteristics. Finally, low- and high-altitude in-flight launches will be conducted to study the dynamic deployment properties and high-altitude flight characteristics of this design. © 2025, American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wind tunnels

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Analysis of multi-field cavitation structure and dynamic mode decomposition based on a separated venturi cavitation generator

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European Journal of Mechanics, B/Fluids 2025年 113卷

作者： Wang, Xiaoyu Wang, Tian Ma, Junqi Sun, Qiang Lv, WanYu School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China Key Laboratory of Vibration and Control of Aero-Propulsion System Ministry of Education Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute Shenyang110015 China

Cavitation is generated due to the reduction of fluid pressure, which will cause instability and erosion inside the pipeline, valve or pump etc. In this paper, based on the improved venturi cavitation generator, the cavitation under several different flow conditions is studied, and a high-speed camera is used to capture the dynamic process of cavitation at the venturi throat. The flow field simulation data have been analysed using the dynamic mode decomposition method, and the coherent structures of sheet cavitation, transition zone cavitation, and cloud cavitation and their displacements with cycle time have been investigated. The periodic variation of cavitation is analysed using a combination of experimental and numerical simulations, and the state of cavitation in the flow field is investigated in detail using data-driven tools. The results show that periodic changes in the cavitation structure can be observed intuitively through the improved venturi generator and agrees well with the results of simulation. Cavitation intensity is continuously enhanced with the increase of inlet velocity. At flow velocity of 4.68 m/s, the cavitation is manifested as a piecewise cavitation that can only be observed at the throat position, since then the length of the cavitation cloud continues to increase, finally the detachment of a bubble cloud and localized vortex cavitation are observed at velocity of 6.08 m/s. The frequency and growth characteristics of individual flow modes can be accurately captured using the dynamic modal decomposition of the flow field. © 2025

关键词： High speed cameras

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Effects of strain rate, temperature, and defects on mechanical properties of xgraphene: Molecular dynamics study

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Computational Materials Science 2025年 254卷

作者： Peng, Qing Li, Ao Chen, Gen Huang, Zeyu Chen, Xue Cai, Xintian Hu, Zhongwei Chen, Xiao-Jia School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Guangdong Aerospace Research Academy Guangzhou511458 China Institute of Manufacturing Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen361021 China Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Huaqiao University Xiamen361021 China Laser Group School of Mechanical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan430068 China School of Mechanical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan430068 China

Xgraphene is a newly proposed derivative of the graphene structure based on first-principles calculations. It is composed of 5–6-7 carbon rings, exhibits unique electrical characteristics, and is projected to be widely employed in high-performance metal-ion battery anodes. In this study, the mechanical properties of xgraphene were systematically evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations, considering factors such as size, strain rate, temperature, and defects, including vacancies, rectangular cracks, and circular voids. Our results demonstrate that xgraphene exhibits anisotropic mechanical behavior, with the armchair direction exhibiting a Young's modulus 1.0 % higher than the zigzag direction, indicating superior stiffness. The reliability of tensile simulations is influenced by size and strain rate. Variations in temperature, ranging from 1 K to 900 K, lead to reductions in Young's modulus by 6.4 % along the zigzag and armchair directions. Introducing vacancy defects from 0 to 3 % reduces Young's modulus by 22 % in the zigzag direction and 20 % in the armchair direction. Increasing the length of rectangular defects from 0 to 4 nm results in a 4.9 % decrease in Young's modulus along the zigzag and armchair directions. Similarly, increasing the diameter of circular defects from 0 to 4 nm reduces Young's modulus by 5.4 % along the zigzag direction and 5.3 % along the armchair direction. At later stages of fracture, xgraphene transitions to an amorphous state during tensile strain. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of xgraphene's mechanical behavior and offers a theoretical basis for its future applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Strain rate

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