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Design and applications of morphing aircraft and their structures

Frontiers of mechanical engineering 2023年第3期18卷 1-20页

作者： Jihong ZHU Jiannan YANG Weihong ZHANG Xiaojun GU Han ZHOU State IJR Center of Aerospace Design and Additive Manufacturing School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China MIIT Laboratory of Metal Additive Manufacturing and Innovative Design NPU-QMUL Joint Research InstituteNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China Institute of Intelligence Material and Structure Unmanned System TechnologiesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

Morphing aircraft can adaptively regulate their aerodynamic layout to meet the demands of varying flight conditions,improve their aerodynamic efficiency,and reduce their energy *** design and fabrication of high-performance,lightweight,and intelligent morphing structures have become a hot topic in advanced aircraft *** paper discusses morphing aircraft development history,structural characteristics,existing applications,and future ***,some conventional mechanical morphing aircraft are examined with focus on their morphing modes,mechanisms,advantages,and ***,the novel applications of several technologies for morphing unmanned aerial vehicles,including additive manufacturing for fabricating complex morphing structures,lattice technology for reducing structural weight,and multi-mode morphing combined with flexible skins and foldable structures,are summarized and ***,in consideration of the further development of active morphing aircraft,the paper reviews morphing structures driven by smart material actuators,such as shape memory alloy and macro-fiber composites,and analyzes their advantages and ***,the paper discusses multiple challenges,including flexible structures,flexible skins,and control systems,in the design of future morphing ***,the development and application of morphing structures in the aerospace field are discussed to provide a reference for future research and engineering applications.

关键词： morphing aircraft additive manufacturing lattice structure smart material flexible structure flexible skin

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Multi-Channel Based on Attention Network for Infrared Small Target Detection

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2024年第3期29卷 414-427页

作者：张彦军王碧云蔡云泽 Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Institute of Aerospace Control Technology Shanghai 201109China Infrared Detection Technology R&D Center of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Shanghai 201109China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of ChinaShanghai 200240China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai 200240China Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute of Marine Equipment Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Infrared detection technology has the advantages of all-weather detection and good concealment,which is widely used in long-distance target detection and tracking ***,the complex background,the strong noise,and the characteristics of small scale and weak intensity of targets bring great difficulties to the detection of infrared small targets.A multi-channel based on attention network is proposed in this paper,aimed at the problem of high missed detection rate and false alarm rate of traditional algorithms and the problem of large model,high complexity and poor detection performance of deep learning ***,given the difficulty in extracting the features of infrared multiscale and small dim targets,the multiple channels are designed based on dilated convolution to capture multiscale target ***,the coordinate attention block is incorporated in each channel to suppress background clutters adaptively and enhance target *** addition,the fusion of shallow detail features and deep abstract semantic features is realized by synthesizing the contextual attention fusion ***,it is verified that,compared with other state-of-the-art methods based on the datasets SIRST and MDFA,the proposed algorithm further improves the detection effect,and the model size and computational complexity are smaller.

关键词： infrared image small target detection deep learning attention mechanism feature fusion

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mechanical Properties Inside Origami-Inspired Structures: An Overview

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Applied Mechanics Reviews 2025年第1期77卷 011001页

作者： Yan, Peng Huang, Hailin Meloni, Marco Li, Bing Cai, Jianguo Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China Key Laboratory of C & PC Structures of Ministry of Education National Prestress Engineering Research Center Southeast University Nanjing211189 China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Morphing Mechanisms and Adaptive Robotics Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China Key University Laboratory of Mechanism Machine Theory and Intelligent Unmanned Systems of Guangdong Habin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China

In recent decades, origami has transitioned from a traditional art form into a systematic field of scientific inquiry, characterized by attributes such as high foldability, lightweight frameworks, diverse deformation modes, and limited degrees-of-freedom. Despite the abundant literature on smart materials, actuation methods, design principles, and manufacturing techniques, comprehensive reviews focusing on the mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures are relatively rare and unsystematic. This review aims to fill this void by analyzing and summarizing the significant studies conducted on the mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures from 2013 to 2023. We begin with an overview that includes essential definitions of origami, classical origami patterns, and their associated tessellated or stacked structures. Following this, we delve into the principal dynamic modeling method for origami and conduct an in-depth analysis of the key mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures. These properties include tunable stiffness, bistability and multistability, metamechanical properties demonstrated by origami-based metamaterials, and bio-inspired mechanical properties. Finally, we conclude with a comprehensive summary that discusses the current challenges and future directions in the field of origami-inspired structures. Our review provides a thorough synthesis of both the mechanical properties and practical applications of origami-inspired structures, aiming to serve as a reference and stimulate further research. © 2025 American Society of mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Vibration characteristics of gear system with a cracked-gear tooth: Modeling and experiments 8

Vibration characteristics of gear system with a cracked-gear...

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2022 8th International Forum on Manufacturing Technology and engineering Materials, IFEMMT 2022

作者： Zhao, Songtao Ma, Hui Jiang, Yuting Wang, Yaping Fu, Kunkun Tongji University School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai201804 China Harbin Marine Boiler and Turbine Research Institute Harbin150078 China Northeastern University School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Shenyang110819 China Harbin University of Science and Technology College of Mechanical Power Engineering Harbin150080 China Tongji University School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics Shanghai200092 China

Gear tooth crack failure is a cruel problem in the gear transmission system. The research on the simulation and experiment is the hotpots in the field. The theoretical and experimental investigations on the vibration characteristics of a gear system with a cracked gear tooth are carried out in this study. A finite element (FE) model is built to predict the crack propagation path in a gear tooth and determine the time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) of gear pairs. A dynamic model of the gear system is developed using the lumped-mass model. The established models are validated by comparing the computing results with experimental ones. The influences of crack length on TVMS and vibration characteristics of the gear system are analyzed in detail. The proposed methods can provide useful guidance for fault diagnosis and dynamic performance evolution prediction of a gear system. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Gear teeth

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Progress in mechanical Modeling of Implantable Flexible Neural Probes

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1205-1231页

作者： Xiaoli You Ruiyu Bai Kai Xue Zimo Zhang Minghao Wang Xuanqi Wang Jiahao Wang Jinku Guo Qiang Shen Honglong Chang Xu Long Bowen Ji Unmanned System Research Institute Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China School of Automobile Chang’an UniversityXi’an710018China MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems College of Electronics and InformationHangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou310018China School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and ArchitectureNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710129China

Implanted neural probes can detect weak discharges of neurons in the brain by piercing soft brain tissue,thus as important tools for brain science research,as well as diagnosis and treatment of brain ***,the rigid neural probes,such as Utah arrays,Michigan probes,and metal microfilament electrodes,are mechanically unmatched with brain tissue and are prone to rejection and glial scarring after implantation,which leads to a significant degradation in the signal quality with the implantation *** recent years,flexible neural electrodes are rapidly developed with less damage to biological tissues,excellent biocompatibility,and mechanical compliance to alleviate *** them,the mechanical modeling is important for the optimization of the structure and the implantation *** this review,the theoretical calculation of the flexible neural probes is firstly summarized with the processes of buckling,insertion,and relative interaction with soft brain tissue for flexible probes from outside to ***,the corresponding mechanical simulation methods are organized considering multiple impact factors to realize minimally invasive ***,the technical difficulties and future trends of mechanical modeling are discussed for the next-generation flexible neural probes,which is critical to realize low-invasiveness and long-term coexistence in vivo.

关键词： mechanical modeling flexible neural probes invasive theoretical calculation simulation

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Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic impact of the axial distance upon contra-rotating rotors during hovering condition

Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic impact of the axial distance up...

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AIAA Aviation and Aeronautics Forum and Exposition, AIAA AVIATION Forum 2023

作者： Li, Pengyu Yang, Yannian Zhang, Haoyu Liu, Yu Li, Qingxi Noack, Prof. Bernd Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Complex Aerospace Flows Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Key Laboratory of Autonomous Systems and Networked Control Ministry of Education Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong School of Automation Science and Engineering South Guangdong510640 China Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Complex Aerospace Flows Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China AVIC General Aircraft Research Institute Zhuhai Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Complex Aerospace Flows Guangdong519040 China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China

ISBN: (数字)9781624107047

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107047

Contra-rotating rotors have the advantage of compactness and redundancy, which can be observed in many unmanned aerial vehicles. One significant installation parameter for the contra-rotating rotors is the axial distance between the upper and lower rotors, which influences both the time-averaged and unsteady loading of the rotors, as well as the aeroacoustic noise emission. Through experimental methods, each rotor is mounted to a six-component balance to study the impact of the axial distance on the two rotors, and an microphone arc-array is used to study the noise emission and directivity in an anechoic chamber. Two rotors are set at the same rotational speed for all axial distance settings. The results indicate that the increase of axial distance is advantageous for the aerodynamic performance increase and noise reduction, especially in the axial range of 0.1 diameter. The recovery of aerodynamic performance is due to the fully developed slipstream which reduces the mutual influence between the two rotors. The noise reduction is mainly due to the reduced velocity fluctuation alleviates the inter actiontonal noise, although the broadband noise becomes larger as the axial distance increases. © 2023, American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Noise abatement

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Distributed Cooperative Decision-Making of Cross-Domain Swarm

Distributed Cooperative Decision-Making of Cross-Domain Swar...

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2023 China automation Congress, CAC 2023

作者： Liu, Xingyu Yuwen, Cheng Zhang, Wangcheng Sun, Mingyang Jian, Ding Zhen, Ziyang State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures China College of Automation Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China CASIC Research Institute of Intelligent Decision Engineering Wuhan China UAV System Company Limited Aviation Industry Corporation of China Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303759

This paper investigates a cooperative decision-making problem of the cross-domain swarm system involving unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Different from the distributed optimization of multi-agent systems, the cooperative decision-making problem considers the payoff functions that depend on the states of all agents. Each agent can only adjust its own state. To address the cooperative decision-making problem, a two-time scale system is constructed, where the fast model includes an average consensus for gradient estimation of the global function and the slow model incorporates a feedback control of all USVs and UAVs. By the Lyapunov analysis, the optimal solution is globally exponentially stable. Finally, a cooperative encirclement task is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned surface vehicles

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A Preliminary Study for Implementation of Distributed Algorithms Over Vehicle Network

A Preliminary Study for Implementation of Distributed Algori...

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International Conference on Control, automation and systems ( ICCAS)

作者： Yeong-Ung Kim Hwan-Yong Park Jun-Oh Park Hyo-Sung Ahn Yoo-Bin Bae Department of Mechanical Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST) Gwangju Korea Unmanned Aircraft System Research Division Korea Aerospace Research Institute(KARI) Daejeon Korea

ISBN: (数字)9788993215380

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517939

This paper discusses an architecture for implementing distributed algorithms in vehicular networks. In the context of vehicular networks, vehicles frequently change their positions, which leads to a constantly evolving network topology. We propose an architecture for distributed algorithms in vehicular networks using ROS2, focusing on the dynamic topology characteristic of peer-to-peer networks, which are significantly influenced by the movement and positioning of vehicles. Our approach leverages an all-to-all communication method where each message includes a timestamp, allowing only messages within a certain time frame to be utilized. This approach ensures that the communication network closely mirrors the physical network, making it adaptable to changes in network topology due to the movement of vehicles. The all-to-all communication model in the architecture ensures that any vehicle (or agent) can join or leave the network, provided it has the topic information. This capability is essential to maintaining a flexible and scalable network that allows vehicles to dynamically enter or leave the network without disrupting overall functionality.

关键词： Network topology Heuristic algorithms Focusing Topology Peer-to-peer computing Communication networks Mirrors Distributed algorithms Vehicle dynamics Multi-agent systems

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Discussion on the Design of Low-cost Spacecraft Avionics based on COTS Technology

Discussion on the Design of Low-cost Spacecraft Avionics bas...

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International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET)

作者： Chaoji Chen Yaobao Yin Jiang Yang Dan Wang Zhenhui Dong Yuchen Jia Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing China School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Shandong Aerospace Electronics Technology Research Institute Yantai China

ISBN: (数字)9798350363951

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363968

Because of the benefits of excellent performance, ease of acquisition and low cost, COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) components have been gradually utilized in spacecraft. They will play an increasingly important role in space applications in the future. This study first investigates the situation of COTS technology-based spacecraft avionics both domestically and internationally, analyzing the necessity of COTS technology applied in the space field and its problems, and it illustrates that COTS technology is a significant means of enhancing the performance of spacecraft avionics in the future. Secondly, an intelligent avionics architecture for low-cost and highly reliable spacecraft based on COTS technology is proposed, considering the requirements of spacecraft avionics. Then, aiming at the challenges of using COTS components extensively in space, the reliability assurance methods for COTS components are suggested from the perspectives of reliability design methods and reliability prediction analysis. Finally, an on-orbit application example of the COTS component is provided, which can serve as a reference for application of the other spacecraft.

关键词： Space vehicles Costs Design methodology systems architecture aerospace electronics Reliability engineering Market research

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The Immense Impact of Reverse Edges on Large Hierarchical Networks

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engineering 2024年第5期36卷 240-249页

作者： Haosen Cao Bin-Bin Hu Xiaoyu Mo Duxin Chen Jianxi Gao Ye Yuan Guanrong Chen Tamás Vicsek Xiaohong Guan Hai-Tao Zhang MOE Engineering Research Center of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Networked Collective Intelligence School of MathematicsSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Department of Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Biological Physics Eötvös UniversityBudapest 1117Hungary MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security School of Automation Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Hierarchical networks are frequently encountered in animal groups,gene networks,and artificial engineering systems such as multiple robots,unmanned vehicle systems,smart grids,wind farm networks,and so *** structure of a large directed hierarchical network is often strongly influenced by reverse edges from lower-to higher-level nodes,such as lagging birds’howl in a flock or the opinions of lowerlevel individuals feeding back to higher-level ones in a social *** study reveals that,for most large-scale real hierarchical networks,the majority of the reverse edges do not affect the synchronization process of the entire network;the synchronization process is influenced only by a small part of these reverse edges along specific *** surprisingly,a single effective reverse edge can slow down the synchronization of a huge hierarchical network by over 60%.The effect of such edges depends not on the network size but only on the average in-degree of the involved *** overwhelming majority of active reverse edges turn out to have some kind of“bunching”effect on the information flows of hierarchical networks,which slows down synchronization *** finding refines the current understanding of the role of reverse edges in many natural,social,and engineering hierarchical networks,which might be beneficial for precisely tuning the synchronization rhythms of these *** study also proposes an effective way to attack a hierarchical network by adding a malicious reverse edge to it and provides some guidance for protecting a network by screening out the specific small proportion of vulnerable nodes.

关键词： Synchronizability Large hierarchical networks Reverse edges Information flows Complex networks

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