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Navy's chlorofluorocarbon/Halon Program

Naval Engineers Journal 1991年第3期103卷 107-117页

作者： Krinsky, Joel L. Noel, William Joel L. Krinskyholds a B.S. degree from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy (1960) and an M.B.A. from the American University (1966). He is currently the director of The HVAC Submarine Life Support Division within NavSea. He formerly served as the deputy director of the Auxiliaries Division and head of the Air Compressor/Forced Draft Blowers and Valves and Piping Branches within the Auxiliaries Division. He has thirty years experience in the marine engineering and computer fields. He sailed for two years in the merchant marine and then began his career in the Bureau of Ships in 1962 as a project engineer in the Boiler and Heat Exchanger Branch. Mr. Krinsky then served as the systems acquisition manager for navigation systems on attack submarines and aircraft carriers. Mr. Krinsky entered private industry with IBM in 1967 spent eight years in the computer industry serving in various capacities and returned to NavSea in 1975. He served in the U.S. Navy Reserve from 1961 to 1967 and is a member of ASE ASNE and ASTM. Mr. Krinsky currently chairs the ASTM subcommittee for shipboard HVAC (F25.11.07) and is writing the heating ventilation air conditioning and refrigeration chapter of the revised SNAME text on Marine Engineering. William Noelgraduated from Drexel University in 1984 with a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering. He worked at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station in Philadelphia in the Air Compressor Branch where he directed improvements to compressed air ship silencing systems. In 1985 he was hired at the Naval Sea Systems Command and spent two years working in the Auxiliary Machinery Division where he was life cycle manager for various air compressors and compressed air system components. In 1989 he earned an M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland specializing in multi-phase fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena. Since 1987 Mr. Noel has been the project engineer charged with developing replacement refrigerants and fire fighting agents in executing the Navy CFC/

The Naval Sea systems Command is executing a three-phase program to ensure compliance with national regulations, DoD policy, and Navy instructions mandating the phase-out of CFC and Halon use by the Navy. The Navy uses significant quantities of CFCs and Halon as solvents, refrigerants, and fire-fighting agents both in military operations and through specifications and contracts for weapons and support equipment. Phase one of the program plan will be to conserve chemicals through reclaiming and recycling, and by establishing and maintaining a chemical inventory of CFCs and Halons. Phase two will research, develop, and test substitute chemicals and alternative technologies for existing CFC uses. This research will be pursued through Navy and government laboratories, cooperation with chemical and equipment manufacturers, and by participation in government/industry consortiums. Finally, phase three will deploy the replacement chemicals and new technologies into the fleet, and institutionalize the conservation measures developed in phase one. This paper discusses in detail the three phases of the Navy program, and relates the Navy effort to DoD policy, the Montreal Protocol, and Congressional legislation. Unique Navy concerns, research initiatives, and vintaging scenarios for existing equipment are presented.

关键词： Freons

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MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SUBMARINE PROPULSION systemS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 141-157页

作者： SWALLOM, DW SADOVNIK, I GIBBS, JS GUROL, H NGUYEN, LV VANDENBERGH, HH Daniel W. Swallomis the director of military power systems at Avco Research Laboratory Inc. a subsidiary of Textron Inc. in Everett Mass. Dr. Swallom received his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa in 1969 1970 and 1972 respectively. He has authored numerous papers in the areas of power propulsion and plasma physics and currently is a member of the Aerospace Power Systems Technical Committee of the AIAA. Dr. Swallom has directed various programs for the development of advanced power generation systems lightweight power conditioning systems and advanced propulsion systems for marine applications. His previous experience includes work with Odin International Corporation Maxwell Laboratories Inc. Argonne National Laboratory and the Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory. Currently Dr. Swallom is directing the technical efforts to apply magnetohydrodynamic principles to a variety of propulsion and power applications for various marine vehicles and power system requirements respectively. Isaac Sadovnikis a principal research engineer in the Energy Technology Office at Avco Research Laboratory Inc. a subsidiary of Textron Inc. He received his B.S. in engineering (1974) B.S. in physics (1975) M.S. in aeronautics and astronautics (1976) and Ph.D. in physics of fluids (1981) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Sadovnik has been involved in research work funded by DARPA concerning the use of magnetohydrodynamics for underwater propulsion. He has built theoretical models that predict the hydrodynamic behavior of seawater flow through magnetohydrodynamic ducts and their interaction with the rest of the vehicle (thrust and drag produced). In addition Dr. Sadovnik has been involved in research investigations geared toward the NASP program concerning the use of magnetohydrodynamic combustion-driven accelerator channels. Prior to joining Avco Dr. Sadovnik was a research assistant at MIT where he conducted experimental and

Magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems for submarines offer several significant advantages over conventional propeller propulsion systems. These advantages include the potential for greater stealth characteristics, increased maneuverability, enhanced survivability, elimination of cavitation limits, greater payload capability, and the addition of a significant emergency propulsion system. These advantages can be obtained with a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system that is neutrally bouyant and can operate with the existing submarine propulsion system power plant. A thorough investigation of magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems for submarine applications has been completed. During the investigation, a number of geometric configurations were examined. Each of these configurations and mounting concepts was optimized for maximum performance for a generic attack class submarine. The optimization considered each thruster individually by determining the optimum operating characteristics for each one and accepting only those thrusters that result in a neutrally buoyant propulsion system. The results of this detailed optimization study show that the segmented, annular thruster is the concept with the highest performance levels and greatest efficiency and offers the greatest potential for a practical magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system for attack class submarines. The optimization study results were used to develop a specific point design for a segmented, annular magnetohydrodynamic thruster for an attack class submarine. The design point case has shown that this thruster may be able to provide the necessary thrust to propel an attack class submarine at the required velocity with the potential for a substantial acoustic signature reduction within the constraints of the existing submarine power plant and the maintenance of neutral buoyancy. This innovative magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system offers an approach for submarine propulsion that can be an important contributio

关键词： Ship Propulsion

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Contact point detection for grasping of an unknown object using joint compliance

Contact point detection for grasping of an unknown object us...

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1990 IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and systems, IROS 1990

作者： Kaneko, Makoto Tanie, Kazuo Computer Science and System Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Kawazu 680-4 Iizuka-shi Fukuoka820 Japan Cybernetics Division Robotics Department Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Namiki 1-2 Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki305 Japan

This paper focuses on a scheme for searching for a contact point between a multifmgered hand and an unknown object. Instead of mounting a attributed tactile sensor all over the finger links, we propose an active touch approach using joint compliance from the viewpoint of considerably reduced hardware improvement. The algorithm is composed of two phases. One is the approach phase, in which each finger is opened widely and approaches to an object until a part of a finger link is in contact with the object. The other is the detection phase, in which each finger posture is changed with slip while maintaining Contact between object and finger. Using two selected postures during the detection phase we can compute the intersecting point which leads to an approximate contact point. With a suitable combination of compliant joints and position-controlled joints, a finger link has the capability of changing its posture while maintaining contact with an object over a small angular displacement at a particular joint. This motion is essential in the contact point detection phase. The proposed algorithm is confirmed through simple experiments using a two-fingered robot hand. © 1990 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Object detection

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Development of micro actuator using shape memory alloy thin film

Development of micro actuator using shape memory alloy thin ...

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1990 IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and systems, IROS 1990

作者： Ikuta, Koji Fujita, Hiroyuki Arimoto, Suguru Ikeda, Michiaki Yamashita, Shinji Department of Mechanical System Engineering Faculty of Computer Science and System Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka Iizuka820 Japan Institute of Industrial Science University of Tokyo Roppongi Minato-ku Tokyo106 Japan Department of Mathematical Engineering and Information Physics Faculty of Engineering University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113 Japan Research Laboratory Yaskawa Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd. Yahatanishi-ku Kitakyushu806 Japan

Basic research for the micro actuator using TiNi Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is conducted from the crystallographic point of view. SMA (TiNi) thin film is fabricated by sputtering deposition. First, the influence of substrate temperature on crystal structure is verified by measuring resistivity-temperature curve and X-ray diffraction. Though high temperature substrate condition makes TiNi film in regular crystal, amorphous structure appears at low substrate temperature. Next, Optimal composition of sputtered SMA thin film is found by SSQ and negative slope of the resistivity curve due to phase transformation between R-phase and parent phase is observed. Finally, annealing methods is examined to crystalize amorphous TiNi. © 1990 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crystal structure

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Contact point detection for grasping of an unknown object using joint compliance

Contact point detection for grasping of an unknown object us...

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EEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and systems, Towards a New Frontier of Applications

作者： M. Kaneko K. Tanie Computer Scicnce and System Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan Cybernetics Division Robotics Department Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

Focuses on a scheme for searching a contact point between a multifingered hand and an unknown object. Instead of mounting a distributed tactile sensor all over the finger links, the authors propose an active touch approach using joint compliance. The algorithm is composed of two phases. One is the approach phase, in which each finger is opened widely and approaches to an object until a part of a finger link is in contact with the object. The other is the detection phase, in which each finger posture is changed with slip while maintaining contact between object and finger. Using two selected postures during the detection phase, one can compute the intersecting point which leads to an approximate contact point. With a suitable combination of compliant joints and position-controlled joints, a finger link has the capability of changing its posture while maintaining contact with an object over a small angular displacement at a particular joint. This motion is essential in the contact point detection phase. The proposed algorithm is confirmed through simple experiments using a two-fingered robot hand.< >

关键词： Object detection Fingers Service robots Robot sensing systems Tactile sensors Shape Phase detection systems engineering and theory mechanical engineering Laboratories

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Development of micro actuator using shape memory alloy thin film

Development of micro actuator using shape memory alloy thin ...

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EEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and systems, Towards a New Frontier of Applications

作者： K. Ikuta H. Fujita S. Arimoto M. Ikeda S. Yamashita Department of Mechanical System Engineering Faculty of Computer Science and System Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan Institute of Industrial Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Mathematical Engineering and Information Physics Faculty of Engineering University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Research Laboratory Yaskawa Electric Manufacturing Company Limited Japan

Basic research for the micro actuator using TiNi shape memory alloy (SMA) is conducted from the crystallographic point of view. SMA (TiNi) thin film is fabricated by sputter deposition. First, the influence of substrate temperature on crystal structure is verified by measuring resistivity-temperature curve and X-ray diffraction. Though high temperature substrate conditions make TiNi film in regular crystal, an amorphous structure appears at low substrate temperature. Next optimal composition of sputtered SMA thin film is found by SSQ. The negative slope of the resistivity curve due to phase transformation between R-phase and parent phase is observed. Finally, annealing methods are examined to crystallize amorphous TiNi.< >

关键词： Microactuators Shape memory alloys Transistors Sputtering Substrates Temperature Crystallization Amorphous materials Crystallography X-ray diffraction

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A finger shaped tactile sensor using an optical waveguide

A finger shaped tactile sensor using an optical waveguide

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： N. Nakao M. Kaneko N. Suzuki K. Tanie NTT Tsukuba Field Engineering Development Center Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan School of Computer Science and System Engineering Department Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan Cybernetics Division Robotics Department Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

A finger-shaped tactile sensor consisting of a charge-coupled device (CCD) and a semispherical optical waveguide covered with an elastic sheet and connected to a light source is proposed. The principle of the sensor is based on producing the scattering light at the sensor-object contact. The contact location is recognized using a CCD to detect light. By a simple calculation of the equation derived from the sensor surface geometry, the sensor can also provide the surface normal of the touched object. Through experiments using a prototype sensor, the fundamental characteristics of the sensor are evaluated and the principle of the sensor is confirmed.< >

关键词： Optical waveguides Fingers Tactile sensors Optical sensors Sensor phenomena and characterization Optical scattering Charge coupled devices Optical surface waves Optical devices Light sources

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RAMP - A TEST BED FOR THE NAVY USE OF PDES PRODUCT DATA

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 100-110页

作者： KIRKSHARIAN, A The Author:is a project engineer in the Advanced Logistics Technology Division of the Naval Supply Systems Command Washington DC. Since 1987 Mr. Kirksharian has been involved in the system design of the RAMP R&D project. He acquired a B. S. degree in mechanical engineering in 1978 from the George R. Brown School of Engineering at Rice University. After several years of project engineering in the energy industry he received his M.S. degree in mechanical engineering in 1987 from Texas A&M University. Mr. Kirksharian has authored on the subject of computer-aided manufacturing with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and is a member of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers. His current interests include computer-aided manufacturing applications and their impact on the Navy's industrial modernization programs.

The Rapid Acquisition of Manufactured Parts (RAMP) Project is a U.S. Navy program employing computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) technologies and computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS) standards to facilitate parts procurement in the Navy supply system. As an R&D manufacturing/logistics program administered through the Naval Supply systems Command (NavSup), RAMP is serving as a test bed for the ordering and manufacturing of parts using prototype versions of the Product Data Exchange Specification (PDES). The central theme of this paper is to highlight the objectives of RAMP which include (1) the integration of CIM technologies into the Navy logistics system, (2) the specification of procedures and standards to communicate part requirements to automated manufacturing activities, and (3) the installation of flexible CIM cells in Navy industrial sites. In large measure, the eventual success of RAMP will corroborate the feasibility of using neutral product data standards to procure and maintain naval weapon systems in the 1990s and beyond.

关键词： Military engineering

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computer-AIDED-DESIGN METHODS FOR PROPELLER FILLET GAUGES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 202-208页

作者： ALLEN, DW VINOSKI, WS OVERTON, BA David W. Allen:is a senior computer scientist at the Machinery Technology Division Westinghouse Electric Corporation Large Pa. He received the B.A. degree in mathematics from Grinnell College and the M.S. degree in computer science from the University of Pittsburgh. His career with Westinghouse has been divided between assignments in engineering and computer applications. Mr. Allen has published eight technical papers. He received the George Westinghouse Signature A ward of Excellence for his work on the development of the GAGES computer program for designing propeller gages. He is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Walter S. Vinoski:is a project engineer at the Machinery Technology Division Westinghouse Electric Corporation Large Pa. and was instrumental in the development of the GAGES computer program. He was awarded the George Westinghouse Signature Award of Excellence for his work on the GAGES program. Mr. Vinoski has six years of marine propulsion system experience specifically with propellers. He earned a B.S. degree in electronics engineering and minored in mathematics at the Ohio Institute of Technology. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers. Bernard A. Overton:graduated from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro N.C. in 1958 with a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering. Within two years of joining the U.S. Army Mr. Overton was honorably discharged as a first lieutenant. Mr. Overton worked seven years at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in the following areas: shafting shafting alignment bearing reactions noise and vibration surveys propellers and propeller blade gage designs. In 1967 Mr. Overton transferred to the Navy Engineering Center. He has worked on main propulsion devices such as water jets propellers (both submarine and surface ship) and propeller blade gages. Mr. Overton was responsible for the establishment of the Naval Inspectors Propeller Certif

One of the most complicated forms encountered in engineering design is that of the marine propeller. The complexities arise from the complicated hydrodynamic surfaces of the propeller blades and the complicated manner in which the blades are oriented with and attached to the hub. Where propeller blades are attached to the hub, the blade shape is blended into the shape of the hub. The geometry of this region is particularly complicated. The shape of the blend is called a fillet, and the blending region is called the fillet region. Sheet metal gages conforming to various blade surface contours are used in the manufacture and inspection of propellers. Five different types of gages define the shape of the propeller in different regions. Fillet gages are such gages that define the shape of propeller blades in the fillet region. This paper describes a new computer-aided method for designing fillet gages. Previous methods of fillet gage design required the designer to follow a complicated layout procedure of determining where a particular unfilleted blade contour intersected the hub. The design of the fillet was then done in another layout procedure. Newly developed numerical procedures incorporated in a computer program have reduced the time required to design a complete set of gages (including fillet gages) from up to several weeks to hours.

关键词： Propellers

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SHIP SERVICE ELECTRICAL systemS - DESIGNING FOR SURVIVABILITY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 32-36页

作者： CERMINARA, J KOTACKA, RO John Cerminara:is a principal engineer with Westinghouse Machinery Technology Division Electrical Systems Department. He holds a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. He is a registered professional engineer and a member of IEEE ASNE and the Ship Steering Group of the Combat Survivability Division of ADPA. Mr. Cerminara has had over 30 years of multidiscipline experience ranging from engineering and construction in heavy industry to standards and publications. Past assignments include DOE/ NASA wind turbine project manager for Westinghouse and task leader of MTD electrical systems. Most recent assignments have included hull mechanical and electrical (HM&E) distributive system survivability analyses of the LSD-41 mobility mission area and application and validation of NavSea computer-aided design of Survivable Distributive System (CADSDiS) Program. Rolf O. Kotacka:is presently a ship systems engineer in the Ship Systems Engineering Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command Engineering Directorate where his primary responsibility is ship system survivability. He is a 1977 graduate of SUNY Maritime College where he received his bachelor of engineering degree in marine electrical engineering as well as a U.S. Coast Guard Third Assistant Engineer License and a commission in the U. S. Naval Reserve. Upon graduation Mr. Kotacka was employed by Charleston Naval Shipyard as a field engineer until 1981 where he gained his background in surface ship HM&E systems and equipment. He then transferred to the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair Groton where he served as a senior electrical engineer monitoring the design and construction of Trident and 688 class submarines and received the Meritorious Unit Citation. Prior to his present position Mr. Kotacka was the life cycle manager for diesel generator sets in the Naval Sea Systems Command's Generators Branch. He has coauthored several papers dealing with power generation for ASE and SNAME. Mr. Kotacka is also a lieutena

This paper highlights the survivability concerns in the design of ship service power systems. The paper gives a brief description of what constitutes a typical ship service electric power system and concentrates on electric power generation and associated controls. Established survivability design principles and guidelines are highlighted and the application of those guidelines are discussed. General Specifications (Gen Specs) for Ships of the U.S. Navy are cited as the cornerstone for design. Specific design criteria are cited as well as the rationale associated with the survivability design guidelines pertaining to power generation and distribution. The application of these survivability design guidelines plus the use of the deactivation diagram/damage tolerance analysis cited in the Gen Spec section 072e will enhance overall design and help ensure survivable electric power systems for surface combatants.

关键词： Warships

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