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AIR-CUSHION LANDING CRAFT NAVIGATION

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 248-260页

作者： GRAHAM, HR KIM, JC BAND, EGU FOWLER, AW Herbert R. Graham:received his degrees of B.S. in 1951 and M.S. in 1958 in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology respectively. He also attended the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. He is presently a task manager at TRW Inc. McLean Virginia responsible for landing craft air cushion (LCAC) engineering support. Since joining TRW in 1967 he has had several technical project management and system engineering responsibilities in amphibious ships transportation and energy. He was responsible for the preliminary engineering design and cost estimates for tracked air cushion vehicles (TACVs). He has been active in several professional societies including ASNE and served as vice-chairman Los Angeles Section American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. John C. Kim:received his degrees of B.S. in electrical engineering Tri-State University 1959 M.S. in electrical engineering Michigan State University 1960 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering Michigan State University. He is presently a senior staff engineer with TRW Inc. McLean Virginia where his technical experience has included communications system engineering and navigation system analysis. Since joining TRW in 1969 he has held numerous positions including section head project manager and department manager. His previous employment includes E-Systems/Melpar Division and Honeywell. Dr. Kim has been active in the IEEE Washington Chapter activities which included secretary vice-chairman and chairman of Systems Science and Cybernetics Group. Edward G.U. Band:received a B.S. degree in mechnical engineering in 1946 and a D.I.C in aeronautical engineering in 1947 at the City and Guilds College of London University. In 1951 he received an M.S. degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in fluid dynamics. After a career in the aircraft industry in England Canada and the U.S.A. he spent several years teaching in Chile and at Webb Institute of Naval Archi

Air cushion vehicles (ACVs) have operated successfully on commercial routes for about twenty years. The routes are normally quite short; the craft are equipped with radar and radio navigation aids and maintain continuous contact with their terminals. Navigation of these craft, therefore, does not present any unusual difficulty. The introduction of air cushion vehicles into military service, however, can present a very different picture, especially when external navigation aids are not available and the craft must navigate by dead reckoning. This paper considers the problems involved when navigating a high-speed air cushion vehicle by dead reckoning in conditions of poor visibility. A method is presented to assess the ACV's navigational capability under these circumstances. A figure of merit is used to determine the sensitivity of factors which affect navigation such as the range of visibility, point-to-point distance, speed, turning radius and accuracy of onboard equipment. The method provides simplistic but adequate answers and can be used effectively to compare the-capability and cost of alternative navigation concepts.

关键词： AIR CUSHION VEHICLES

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OPPORTUNITIES FOR PACIFIC FLEET FF-1052 CLASS SHIPS TO SAVE ENERGY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 315-321页

作者： PEHLIVAN, H KENYON, CW Hasan Pehlivan:received his BS in marine engineering from the Merchant Marine Academy (Turkey) in 1971 and his MS degree from Old Dominion University (Norfolk) in 1975. He was employed by D.B. Cargo Line (Turkey) as an engineering officer on ocean-going cargo vessels from 1971 to 1973. After receiving his masters degree in power engineering in 1975 he was employed by J.J. Henry Co. Inc. in Washington DC where he was involved in supporting the DTNSRDC Shipboard Energy Conservation Program which included the development of the steam system simulation (STMSYS) heat balance computer program for FF-1052/1078 class frigates. In addition he was cognizant engineer for various fluid systems designs for PCG and CSGN. In 1978 he joined M. Rosenblatt & Sons Inc. where he was cognizant engineer for various fluid systems designs for CVV DDG-51 and ARS-50. He was also leading engineer in support of DTNSRDC for the development of innovative machinery options for the baseline DD-963. In 1980 he joined NKF Engineering Inc. where he directs and performs DTNSRDC ship energy conservation analyses for frigates cruisers destroyers and aircraft carriers. He has been assisting the NAVSEA energy office in directing and performing Ship Energy Conservation Assist Team (SECAT) surveys aboard Navy ships since 1982. Mr. Pehlivan is currently manager of ship auxiliary systems in charge of the design and development of fluid systems pollution abatement distilling plants etc. He is a member of ASNE. Clarence W. Kenyon:graduated from the State University of New York Maritime College in 1960 and sailed on a third assistant engineer's license with Isbrandtsen Steamship Company before accepting an engineering position with the Long Beach Naval Shipyard in 1961 where he worked in the Steam Propulsion and Auxiliaries Section and the Mechanical and Hydraulic Section. He also taught a course in engineering fundamentals to engineering technicians in the evenings. In 1963 he accepted a position with the Space Division of North American Avia

The shipboard energy conservation assist team (SECAT) program was introduced to the US Pacific Surface Fleet (SURFPAC) in 1983 following one year testing in the US Atlantic Surface Fleet (SURFLANT). Experiences aboard SURFLANT ships had provided the basis for improvements which could also be applied to SURFPAC ships. Chief among these improvements were simple fuel measurement, fuel curve development methods, an energy survey checklist, and an equipment status board which identifies economic machinery alignments. The first SURFPAC ship to receive a SECAT visit was a FF-1052 class ship. Fuel consumption was significantly higher on this ship than the six FF-1052/1078 class SURFLANT ships previously visited. SECAT immediately looked for reasons for this increase in fuel consumption. Three significant changes received by this ship and not received by the six SURFLANT ships were identified. They were a new design economizer, Navjet vice Wallsend burners, and removal of overload control valves on the forced draft blowers. Another SURFPAC frigate with the same three changes was visited to validate the results obtained from the first ship. This paper discusses recent improvements to the SECAT program. It also examines the differences in fuel consumption observed between SURFLANT and SURFPAC FF-1052/1078 class ships. The economics of potential solutions to the higher fuel consumption problem aboard SURFPAC ships is analyzed with special emphasis on alternative burner designs and forced draft blower changes. Recommendations are made to reduce fuel consumption both by equipment changes and expanded energy initiatives.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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A computer-MODEL FOR SHIPBOARD ENERGY ANALYSIS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第5期96卷 33-45页

作者： DETOLLA, JP FLEMING, JR Joseph DeTolla:is a ship systems engineer in the Ship Systems Engineering Division SEA 56D5 at the Naval Sea Systems Command. His career with the Navy started in 1965 at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard Design Division. In 1971 he transferred to the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He has held positions as a fluid systems design engineer and auxiliary systems design integration engineer. Mr. DeTolla has worked extensively in the synthesis and analysis of total energy systems notably the design development of the FFG-7 class waste heat recovery system. He is NA VSEA's machinery group computer supported design project coordinator and is managing the development of a machinery systems data base load forecasting algorithms and design analysis computer programs. Mr. DeTolla has a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from Drexel University and a master of engineering administration degree from George Washington University. He is a registered professional engineer in the District of Columbia and has written several technical papers on waste heat recovery and energy conservation. Jeffrey Fleming:is a senior project engineer in the Energy R&D Office at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center. In his current position as group leader for the future fleet energy conservation portion of the Navy's energy R&D program he is responsible for the identification and development of advanced components and subsystems which will lead to reductions in the fossil fuel consumption of future ships. Over the past several years he has also directed the development and application of total energy computer analysis techniques for the assessment of conventional and advanced shipboard machinery concepts. Mr. Fleming is a 1971 graduate electrical engineer of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and received his MS in electrical engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1975. Mr. Fleming has authored various technical publications and was the recipient of the Severn Technical Society's “Best Technical Paper of the Year” award in 1

In support of the Navy's efforts to improve the energy usage of future ships and thereby to reduce fleet operating costs, a large scale computer model has been developed by the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC) to analyze the performance of shipboard energy systems for applications other than nuclear or oil-fired steam propulsion plants. This paper discusses the applications and utility of this computer program as a performance analysis tool for design of ship machinery systems. The program is a simulation model that performs a complete thermodynamic analysis of a user-specified energy system. It offers considerable flexibility in analyzing a variety of propulsion, electrical, and auxiliary plant configurations through a component building block structure. Component subroutines that model the performance of shipboard equipment such as engines, boilers, generators, and compressors are available from the program library. Component subroutines are selected and linked in the program to model the desired machinery plant functional configurations. The operation of the defined shipboard energy system may then be simulated over a user-specified scenario of temperature, time, and load profiles. The program output furnishes information on component operating characteristics and fuel demands, which allows evaluation of the total system performance.

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AN ADVANCED METHODOLOGY FOR PRELIMINARY HULL FORM DEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第4期96卷 147-161页

作者： LIN, WC DAY, WG HOUGH, JJ KEANE, RG WALDEN, DA KOH, IY Wen-Chin Lin:heads the Ship Powering Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC). Dr. Lin received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the National Taiwan University in 1957. He was awarded his M.S. degree in naval architecture and Ph.D. in engineering science from the University of California at Berkeley in 1963 and 1966 respectively. From 1966 to 1969 he was employed by ESSO Research and Engineering Company to conduct marine hydrodynamic research for oil tankers and offshore structures. Since joining DTNSRDC in 1969 he has actively conducted and directed hydrodynamic research to advance naval ship design technology and improve ship performance. Active in national and international symposia on ship hydrodynamic research he is recognized for contributions to the ship research community. For the past six years he has been a member of the Performance Committee of the ITTC and currently serves as secretary of the committee. He is a member of SNAME and the Society of Naval Architects of Japan. William G. Day Jr:. has been employed as a naval architect at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center since receiving a B.E.S. degree from the Johns Hopkins University in 1966. He obtained an M.S. E. degree from George Washington University in 1971. As Head Design Evaluation Branch of the Ship Performance Department he is responsible for model experiments to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of ships and propulsors. He is a member of ASNE and SNAME. In-Young Koh:received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Lowell University in 1969 and 1971 respectively and his Ph.D. in applied mechanics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1976. Dr. Koh joined DTNSRDC as an electronic engineer specializing in the application of advanced instrumentation and computer techniques to ship research and design. He is currently engaged in research and development of active control systems for naval ship applications. Dr. Koh is a member of ASNE SNAME and IEEE. David Andrew Walden:is

A ship design methodology is presented for developing hull forms that attain improved performance in both seakeeping and resistance. Contrary to traditional practice, the methodology starts with developing a seakeeping-optimized hull form without making concessions to other performance considerations, such as resistance. The seakeeping-optimized hull is then modified to improve other performance characteristics without degrading the seakeeping. Presented is a point-design example produced by this methodology. Merits of the methodology and the point design are assessed on the basis of theoretical calculations and model experiments. This methodology is an integral part of the Hull Form Design system (HFDS) being developed for computer-supported naval ship design. The modularized character of HFDS and its application to hull form development are discussed.

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ADVANCES IN TOWED VEHICLE DESIGN TECHNIQUES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第4期94卷 30-41页

作者： HUMPHREYS, DE SUMMEY, DC Dr. Douglas E. Humphreys:received his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering and the Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from North Carolina State University in 1966 and 1971 respectively. Between degrees he served in the U.S. Ar. my attaining the rank of Captain. From 1971 to 1980 he was employed at the Naval Coastal Systems Center (NCSC) Panama City Florida. While at NCSC he pioneered the development of techniques for predicting underwater vehicle hydrodynamic coefficients and produced a vehicle design and analysis system which integrated vehicle performance stability guidance and control. He has designed or analyzed over forty vehicles using these techniques. From 1978–1980 he was Chairman of the Naval Sea Systems Command Hydrodynamics Committee (SEAHAC). In 1981 he joined Aeronautical Research Associates of Princeton Inc. (A.R.A.P.) as Vice President of the Applied Technology Division in McLean Virginia. He is currently applying dynamics and control technology along with second-order-closure turbulence modeling techniques to the integrated design of underwater and air vehicles to minimize the deleterious effects of vehicle dynamics on mission performance especially as related to hydroacoustic signature and sensor performance. Dr. Delbert C. Summey:is presently Head of the Hydromechanics Division at the Naval Coastal Systems Center. He has been involved in R&D at the Center for the past five years developing methods for vehicle design and applying these methods to submerged and airborne naval systems. He is currently developing the HYDAT (Hydrodynamic Analysis Techniques) system of computer programs for use as a general design tool for underwater vehicles. He obtained a B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1969 from N.C. State University. As a graduate student at N.C. State he conducted research for NASA in the area of light aircraft performance stability and control. He received his Master's degree in 1971 and his Ph.D. degree in 1976 both in Mechanical Engineering.

A hydrodynamic vehicle design analysis of a towed environmental sensing system was conducted. The primary thrust of the analysis was to determine the towed vehicle geometry and mass characteristics which best meet the depth-keeping and stability requirements. The effect of the tow cable, depressor, and tow ship were also examined. The design requirements, initial vehicle geometry, the effects of geometry modifications, and the final vehicle geometry are presented. Longitudinal and lateral stability are presented as a function of geometry. Towed vehicle response is predicted for typical seaway and ship motion forcing functions, and the system tow performance is presented as a function of speed and depth.

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THE AGE OF SAIL - IS IT OVER

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第2期93卷 145-153页

作者： MORISSEAU, KC THE AUTHOR:: graudated from the New York State Maritime College in 1956 receiving his B.S. degree in Marine Engineering. He then reported to the Navy's Bureau of Ships where he was assigned to the Hull Mechanical Section (Code 447) in the Hull Design Branch (Code 440). During this period he was involved in the contract design of various materials handling features of naval ships including vehicle and cargo handling for Amphibious Ships electronics equipment handling and replenishment at sea and in addition management of the Design Division's computer installation. In 1964 he became the Hull Project Coordinator for the AOR 1 Class AO(J) 51 Class and the AOE 3 Class ships and after completing their contract designs was transferred to the Auxiliary Type Desk and reassigned as AE 26 Class Project Engineer. From 1965 until 1974 he was the Program Manager for the FAST System and the Missile/Cargo STREAM System in the Underway Replenishment Project Office (PMS-390) Underway Replenishment Division (SHIPS-490) and its organizational predecessors. In April 1974 when SHIPS-490 and SHIPS-427 were merged he became Head of the Underway Replenishment Improvement Branch in the Amphibious and Combat Support Ship Logistics Division (SEA 941) Naval Sea Systems Command. In July 1979 he was transferred along with the management of the Underway Replenishment Improvement Program to the Deck and Replenishment Systems Division as Head of the Underway Replenishment Systems Branch (SEA 5124) the position he now holds in NA VSEA.

This paper explores the history, current trends and recent studies, experiments, and initiatives in the area of wind propulsion. The recent history of the development of sail as a means of ship propulsion is reviewed with regard to both sail and hull type. Studies and experiments are discussed such as evaluation for the U.S. Navy in 1956 of the use of ladder type hydrofoils with Marconi sails; a surface penetrating foil design, called an aerohydrofoil, developed in the early 1960s and recently successfully built and tested by its inventor; and the German Dynaship concept which uses an updated square rig sail configuration. Potential uses of sail for naval and commercial applications are presented, involving various sail forms such as air-foils, the Dynaship concept, the Flettner rotor, and Marconi rigs, and hull designs such as SWATH, Hydrofoil and Displacement. The paper also discusses some of the characteristics of wind over the world's oceans and their impact on the use of sail in naval and commercial service. The need for auxiliary fossil-fuel propulsion systems also is reviewed. An economic comparison of the cost of building and operating various sized sail-powered ships on selected routes is provided.

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AN EVALUATION OF ENERGY-CONSERVATION APPROACHES FOR SURFACE SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 252-263页

作者： RAINS, DA STILES, HR HO, SPK Dr. Dean A. Rains Director of Advanced Programs and IRBD. Ingalls Shipbuilding Division Litton Industries Pascagoula Miss. has been an active member of ASNE since 1970. a frequent contributor to the Naval Engineers Journal and a participant at ASNE Day meetings as both an Author and a Discusser. He is an Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics has twenty-three years experience in the field of Naval Engineering and is a graduate of the California Institute of Technology from which he received his B.S. degree (1950) and his M.S. degree (1952). both in Mechanical Engineering. and his Ph.D. degree (1954) in Mechanical Engineering and Mathematics. Mr. H. Richard Stiles graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1965. Prior to leaving the naval service in 1970 he was designated as a Naval Aviator and authored two Patents one for an aircraft optical glide slope reference system and the second for an intercommunications system for air traffic control. As an author he has had technical papers published by SNAME — “Planning Hull Structure” — and by the Offshore Technology Conference — “A Fourth Generation Crewboat.” At the present time he serves as an Engineering Specialist for the Hull Technical Department at Ingalls Shipbuilding Division. Mr. Stephen P.K. Ho is also with Ingalls Shipbuilding Division where since 1970 he has worked on various phases of naval engineering and advanced studies. He received both his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1958 and 1959 respectively. and prior to joining Ingalls Shipbuilding Division also worked with other Marine Firms in ship design particularly in computer applications to Preliminary Design the Construction Process and the Management Information System. Besides ASNE which he joined in January 1980. he is a member of SNAME.

Lower Fleet operating costs and independence from foreign fossil fuel resources are the goals of energy conservation efforts for Navy surface ship. This paper describes an evaluation of a wide variety of energy conservation approaches. A standard 20-knot, 300-hour Destroyer mission is established so that all of the approaches can be compared on a total fuel required basis. The approaches studied include use of aluminum hull construction; light weight machinery; trail-shaft or cross-connect operation for twin screw ships; improved performance propulsors; advanced power plant types, such as COGAS or cruise engines; use of energy storage techniques to improve ship service generator performance; electrical load reductions; improved performance ship service generators; hull drag reductions; crew size reductions; design margin reduction; reduced performance requirement (such as top speed); and habitability standard reductions. The overall results can be effected by reductions in range requirements as well. Mission duration was held constant at 45 days throughout the study. The results of the study indicate that the combination of these various possible improvements may reduce the fuel used to be as low as one-third of the current levels. Weight reductions are very effective for achieving significant fuel savings.

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WHY NOT SAILS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第5期90卷 57-62页

作者： MORISSEAU, KC The author graduated from the New York State Maritime College in 1956 receiving his BS degree in Marine Engineering. He then reported to the Navy's Bureau of Ships where after 18 months training he was assigned to the Hull Mechanical Section in the Hull Design Branch. During this period he was involved in the contract design of various materials handling features of naval ships including vehicle and cargo handling for Amphibious Ships electronics equipment handling and replenishment at sea and in addition also was charged with the management and operation of the Division's computer installation. In 1964 he became the Hull Project Coordinator for the AOR 1 Class AO(J) 51 Class and the AOE 3 Class ships and after completing their contract design was transferred to the Auxiliary Type Desk and reassigned as AE 26 Class Project Engineer. From 1965 until 1974 he was the Program Manager for the FAST System and the Missile/Cargo STREAM System in the Underway Replenishment Project Office (PMS–390)/Underway Replenishment Division (SHIPS–490) and its organizational predecessors. In April 1974 when SHIPS–490 and SHIPS–427 were merged he became Head of the Underway Replenishment Improvement Branch the position he now holds in the Naval Sea Systems Command.

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A TOWED PLANING HULL SLED FOR FAST SURFACE DELIVERY OF POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1977年第2期89卷 129-137页

作者： WARD, RUSSELL S. LARRABEE, RICHARD M. Mr. Russell S. Ward is a Supervisory Mechanical Engineer at the Naval Coastal Systems Laboratory (NCSL) Panama City. Florida where he is presently the Task Leader for the developmental model of the U.S. Coast Guard's Fast Surface Delivery System. He has been the Project Engineer for several R&D Projects at NCSL including the developmental Swimmer Delivery Vehicle and its delivery sled. He has received three Superior Achievement Awards and is the co—holder of one U.S. Patent. Mr. Ward graduated from the University of Florida in 1951 receiving his BCE degree. He is a registered Professional Land Surveyor and a Past Chairman of the local Chapter of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Lt. Richard M. Larabee USCG was commissioned in June 1967 upon his graduation from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. During his first tour of duty he served in several assignments in the operations Department including that of Operations Officer USCG High Endurance Cutter Casco. From 1969 until 1970 he was the Commanding Officer USCGC Cape Hatteras based in Santa Barbara Calif after which he served as Public Information Officer and Aide for the Commander ELEVENTH Coast Guard District. He received his Masters degree in Ocean Engineering from the University of Rhode Island and in 1974 reported to U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters where he was assigned to the Search and Rescue Projects Branch in the Office of Research and Development. In 1975 he was reassigned to the Pollution Projects Branch and is currently acting as a Project Officer for the development of a Fast Surface Delivery System for Pollution Response Equipment development of a computer based instrumentation system for supporting pollution equipment and working in the area of hazardous chemical discharge amelioration. In 1972 he was the recipient of the Coast Guard Achievement Medal.

A Fast Surface Delivery system was developed at the Naval Coastal systems Laboratory, Panama City, Florida, for the U.S. Coast Guard to provide an efficient means to deliver and off—load pollution control equipment at sea. A planing hull sled, towable by surface vessel and helicopter, was designed as the transportation vehicle. The all—aluminum sled is 45–feet long and has a 15–foot beam. The system can deliver a 20,000–pound payload and can be unloaded at sea manually. Test results have shown that the equipment—loaded sled can be safely and efficiently towed by an HH3F helicopter at speeds up to 50 knots and by a Coast Guard 82–foot WPB at speeds up to 17 knots in Sea State 3 or less. The empty sled at rest in the water lies with the aft end submerged. Sled mounted hand winches are used to inhaul and secure the floating payload. After the sled is underway, the water drains, the stem comes up, and the sled hydroplanes. At the deployment site, quick—release hooks on the lines securing the equipment to the sled are tripped and the stern submerges, leaving the payload floating free. © 1977 American Society of Naval Engineers

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Abstracts

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Environmental Management 1977年第1期1卷 67-96页

作者： Frankenfeld, John W. Schulz, Wolfgang McMurty, George J. Petersen, Gary W. May, G. A. Hering, F. S. Schwartz, J. I. Heywood, J. B. Chigier, N. A. Grohse, E. W. Walker, J. D. Colwell, R. R. Petrakis, L. Pergament, H. S. Thorpe, R. D. Schoepf, Richard W. Krzyczkowski, Roman Henneman, Suzanne S. Hudson, Charles L. Putnam, Evelyn S. Thiesen, Donna J. Parks, G. A. McCarty, Perry L. Leckie, J. O. Schrumpf, Barry J. Simonson, G. H. Paine, D. P. Lawrence, R. D. Pyott, W. T. Leh, M. Elders, W. Combs, J. Caplen, T. Harrison, F. L. Wong, K. M. Heft., R. E. Charnell, Robert L. Lehmann, Edward J. Mallon, Lawrence G. Hatfield, Cecile Adams, Gerald H. Johanning, James Talvitie, Antti Noll, Kenneth E. Miller, Terry Smiarowski, Joseph F. Willis, Cleve E. Foster, John H. Schlesinger, Benjamin Daetz, Douglas Lear, Donald U. Smith, Mona F. Hundemann, Audrey S. Crockett, Pernell W. Werner, Kirk G. Carroll, Thomas E. Maase, David L. Genco, Joseph E. Ifeadi, Christopher N. Lowman, F. G. Christensen, S. W. Van Winkle, W. Mattice, J. S. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Barker, James C. Chesness, Jerry L. Smith, Ralph E. Shaheeen, Donald G. Raney, R. Keith Borton, T. Wezernak, C. T. Raney, R. K. Sherwani, Jabbor K. Moreau, David H. Eisenberg, Norman A. Lynch, Cornelius J. Breeding, Roger J. Johnson, J. D. Foster, K. E. Mouat, D. A. Clark, R. Hyden, John William Owen, Wilfred Bayfield, Neil G. Barrow, Graham C. Stolz, Stephanie B. Wienckowski, Louis A. Brown, Betram S. Keyfitz, Nathan Wilson, W. L. Newman, Peter W. G. Bammi, Deepak Bammi, Dalip Goddard, James E. Chisholm, Tony Walsh, Cliff Brennan, Geoffrey Thompson, K. S. Richardson, R. Jensen, Clayton E. Brown, Dail W. Mirabito, John A. Cowing, Thomas G. Binghamton, Suny Siehl, George H. Albrecht, O. W. Alexander, Ariel Barde, Jean -Philippe Darby, William P. McMichael, Francis Clay Dunlap, Robert W. Muckleston, Keith W. Frankenhoff, Charles A. Giulini, Lorenzo T. Wyatt, T. Black, Peter E. Keating, William Thomas Leonard, M. E. Fisher, E. L. Brunelle, M. F. Dickinson, J. E. Pethig, Rudiger Clapham Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Linden Government Research Lab Coast Guard Washington D.C. Department of Transportation Washington D.C. Office For Remote Sensing of Earth Resources. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Pennsylvania State University Washington D.C. Department of the Navy Washington D.C. Cambridge. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Inst. of Technology USA Huntsville. School of Graduate Studies and Research Alabama Univ. USA Dept. of Microbiology. Office of Naval Research Maryland Univ. Arlington Research and Development Co. Pittsburgh AeroChem Research Labs. Inc. Princeton Dept. of the Interior Office of Library Services. Bibliographic Series (Final) Washington D.C. Interplan Corp. Santa Barbara Urban Mass Transportation Adm. Washington D.C. Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Calif. Mercury Project. National Science Found Stanford Univ Washington D.C. Div. of Advanced Environmental Research & Tech. USA Corvallis. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Oregon State Univ. Washington D.C. Riverside. Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics National Science Foundation California Univ. Washington D.C. Livermore Lawrence Livermore Lab. California Univ. USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Labs. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Miami National Technical Information Service Springfield Miami Univ. Coral Gables School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Rockville National Academy of Sciences Office of Sea Grant Washington D. C. School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant. Rockville Norman. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science. Urban Mass Transportation Administration Oklahoma Univ. Washington D. C. Knoxville.Dept. of Civil Engineering. Federal Highway Administration Tennessee Univ. Washington D. C. Amherst.Water Resources Research Center. Office of Water Research and Technology Massachusetts Univ. Washington D. C. Calif. Dept. of Industria

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