The oil refinery industry has a potential emission reduction by combining its fossil fuel with Renewable Energy usage. One alternative to reduce carbon emissions is the hybrid power system using solar panels for elect...
The oil refinery industry has a potential emission reduction by combining its fossil fuel with Renewable Energy usage. One alternative to reduce carbon emissions is the hybrid power system using solar panels for electricity generation. This research will observe the optimum scenario for utilizing a hybrid power system. The research subject is observed refinery facilities that will be built in Indonesia, where the electricity source used formerly comes from fossils. The monitored parameters are Cost of Energy (COE) and carbon emission. optimization involves three scenarios involving basic and hybrid configurations. The basic scenario is the initial configuration of the electricity supply with power source from the generator and PLN (national’s utility). The first scenario is a hybrid power plant utilizing the roofs of existing buildings in the refinery area. The second is a hybrid power plant with a battery to supply electricity at night, at the capacity of renewable energy (RE) of 20% and 40%. Compared to the basic scenario, scenario 1 increases COE by 0.17% and reduces carbon emission at 0.3% compared to the basic scenario. Scenario 2 with 20% and 40% of renewable energy are obtained at COE of 4.7% and 44.3%, while reducing emissions occurred at 38% and 52.7%, respectively. The scenario of a hybrid power system with a 20% renewable energy is the optimal result compared to the other scenarios.
In tissue engineering, the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) or scaffolds have increasingly been considered to impact therapeutic efficacy by regulating cell behaviors, including differentiation,...
In tissue engineering, the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) or scaffolds have increasingly been considered to impact therapeutic efficacy by regulating cell behaviors, including differentiation, proliferation, migration, and adhesion. However, the understanding of how cells sense, integrate, and convert the mechanical cues from the ECM cues into biochemical signals to control certain cell behaviors is still elusive, especially in 3D, which more closely mimics the natural microenvironment than 2D systems. This review highlights the key differences between 2 and 3D in the contexts of mechanoregulative cell behaviors such as cell adhesion, spreading, migration, and force transmission. Furthermore, critical designing factors that needs to be considered for the fabrication of 3D tissue engineering scaffolds is discussed: stiffness, viscoelasticity, degradability, and the immobilization of biomolecules. Although mechanotransduction in 3D is actively being studied, understanding cellular mechanotransduction in 3D and designing of mechanoregulative 3D scaffolds still presents several challenges, including varying mechanical properties depending on different tissues, dynamic mechanical environments, and integration of multimodal cues. Interdisciplinary methodologies encompassing material engineering, cell biology, and mechanicalengineering would serve to mitigate these challenges and augment our understanding of mechanoregulation governing cellular behaviors, thus fostering advancements in biomedical applications in the future.
A treatment consisting of resistance heat treatment and artificial aging was developed to improve the product strength and press formability of Al-Mg-Si alloy sheets having paint bake hardenability used for automobile...
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A treatment consisting of resistance heat treatment and artificial aging was developed to improve the product strength and press formability of Al-Mg-Si alloy sheets having paint bake hardenability used for automobile body panels. In this treatment, the sheets are re-solution heat-treated by resistance heating and water quenching just before the press forming. The formed sheets are artificially aged just after the press forming to increase the product strength. In the experiment, Al-0.60%Si-0.74%Mg (A6061) alloy sheets were chosen. The solution heat treatment of the sheets was sufficiently accomplished by the rapid resistance heat treatment, and the press formability of the sheets was improved. The hardness of formed products is increased by the artificial aging and paint bake hardening. It was found that the present heat treatment is effective in improving the product strength and press formability of the Al-Mg-Si alloy sheets having the paint bake hardenability.
Salter’s duck, an asymmetrical wave energy converter (WEC) device, showed high efficiency in extracting energy from 2D regular waves in the past;yet, challenges remain for fluctuating wave conditions. These can poten...
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Reverse engineering technique is generally practiced to reconstitute the original conjugated rotor profiles from the measured point data with profile deviation for further evaluating performance of the competitor'...
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Reverse engineering technique is generally practiced to reconstitute the original conjugated rotor profiles from the measured point data with profile deviation for further evaluating performance of the competitor's same-level products in the twin-screw compressor manufacturing industry. However, it is time-consuming when synthesizing and restoring the original rotor profiles via either trial or enveloping methods. This paper proposed a numerical method, named meshing clearance elimination (MCE) method, for approaching pairs of conjugated male and female rotor profiles from the discrete measured profile points. By using this method, the clearance between two screw rotors can be attained via the normal rack generation computation and then eliminated by proportionally distribute the normal compensation onto the measured rotor profiles to obtain the “ideal” rotor profiles to avoid numerical divergence in the following compressor performance computation. Two kinds of rotor profiles measured from CMM (Coordinates Measurement Machine) were demonstrated in the numerical examples to show the effectivity and advantages of the MCE method.
Manual palpation is commonly used to localize tumors and other features buried deep inside organs during open surgery. This approach is not feasible in minimally invasive or robotic surgery, as the contact with the ti...
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Manual palpation is commonly used to localize tumors and other features buried deep inside organs during open surgery. This approach is not feasible in minimally invasive or robotic surgery, as the contact with the tissue is mediated by instruments. To address this problem, we propose a soft robotic skin (SRS) that can be deployed from a small incision and create a stiffness map in a single step. Such a skin is composed of a matrix of soft robotic tactile elements (SRTEs), each one able to expand and record the tissue response during expansion. In this paper, we firstly prove the feasibility of palpation using a single SRTE. Then, we present and test a soft-suction based anchoring mechanism able to keep the SRS in the desired position in contact with the tissue, allowing surgeons to palpate different sides of the organ. Finally, we detail a calibration method for the SRTE, and assess the feasibility of identifying lumps buried inside a soft tissue phantom, and then inside a chicken liver during an ex-vivo trial. Experimental results show that the SRTE was able to differentiate simulated lumps (up to 3.25 mm deep) from healthy tissue in both the phantom and the ex-vivo trials. These results, added to the ability of the suction gripper to compensate for the expansion forces of each SRTE, are paving the way for soft robotic autonomous tools that can be used for intraoperative mapping of tissue cancers.
The arrangement principles and design methodology on soft computing for complex control framework of AI control system in Part 1 of this paper are developed. The basis of this methodology is computer simulation of dyn...
The arrangement principles and design methodology on soft computing for complex control framework of AI control system in Part 1 of this paper are developed. The basis of this methodology is computer simulation of dynamics for mechanical robotic system with the help of qualitative physics and search for possible solutions by genetic algorithms (GA). In Part 2 optimal solutions for navigation with avoidance of obstacles and technological operations as opening of door with a manipulator on GA and fuzzy neural network (FNN) are obtained and knowledge base (KB) for fuzzy controller is formed. Fuzzy qualitative simulation, GA and hierarchical node map (HN), and FNN have demonstrated their effectiveness for path planning of a mobile robot for service use. The results of fuzzy robot control simulation, monitoring, and experimental investigations are described.
The arrangement principles and design methodology on soft computing for complex control framework of AI control system are introduced. The basis of this methodology is computer simulation of dynamics for mechanical ro...
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Active learning during out-of-school time Energy Clubs, can positively affect students in grades 3-5 by improving their understanding of technology, what engineers do, the engineering design process, and how to improv...
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Active learning during out-of-school time Energy Clubs, can positively affect students in grades 3-5 by improving their understanding of technology, what engineers do, the engineering design process, and how to improve a windmill. RAMP-UP assessed the impact through a pre- and posttest from the engineering is Elementary workbook, "Catching the Wind."[2] After completing one activity where the students built windmills out of milk cartons, there were positive improvements in their understanding of technology, what engineers do and the engineering design process ranging from 3% to 8%. Significant gains (p
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