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Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT)

作者： Ata Raziei Kevin P. Hallinan Robert J. Brecha Department of System and Engineering Management University of Dayton OH USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Dayton OH USA Department of Physics and Renewable and Clean Energy Program University of Dayton OH USA

Research is presented that investigates the potential for solar power generation with battery energy storage for reducing the effective cost of energy delivered to residential customers if real time pricing is present. A linear optimization approach is developed based upon a two-step process. In step one, given a specified solar array area and battery capacity, the optimal means to meet loads based upon grid power, solar power, and/or battery power is determined. This analysis considers an expected life-span of the solar panel. With these results established, in the next step, the capital costs for the solar arrays and batteries are considered for each point (solar area and battery capacity) in the design space. Ultimately, the results illuminate the most cost effective means to provide power to customers for the chosen system.

关键词： Batteries Solar energy Green products Communities

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Sensor Fault Detection and Isolation in the Quadrotor Vehicle Using Nonlinear Identity Observer Approach

Sensor Fault Detection and Isolation in the Quadrotor Vehicl...

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Conference on Control and Fault-Tolerant systems

作者： Younes Al Younes Hassan Noura Abdelhamid Rabhi Ahmed El Hajjaji Nedaa Al Hussien Mechanical Engineering Faculty at Higher Colleges of Technology Chairman of Electrical Engineering Department at United Arab Emirates University Information & System Lab - Control & Vehicle Group- at University of Picardie Electrical Engineering Program at United Arab Emirates University

ISBN: (纸本)9781479928569

The Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) of a quadrotor vehicle, which is described by a nonlinear model, are tackled in this paper. The nonlinear identity observer is utilized to detect the various types of sensors faults, and the Generalized Observer Scheme (GOS) is used to isolate the faulty sensor. The robustness of the observer and its scheme is investigated through several simulation results to build the Decision- Making Unit (DMU) for the residuals. Various simulation results have validated the FDI method and shown the system performance towards different fault scenarios.

关键词： Quadrotor Vehicle Nonlinear Observer Observer Scheme Structured Residuals

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Microengineered platforms for characterizing the contractile function of in vitro cardiac models

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 29-50页

作者： Wenkun Dou Manpreet Malhi Qili Zhao Li Wang Zongjie Huang Junhui Law Na Liu Craig A.Simmons Jason T.Maynes Yu Sun Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G8Canada Program in Molecular Medicine The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoON M5G 1X8Canada Department of Biochemistry University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 1A8Canada Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China School of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250353China School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G9Canada Translational Biology&Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchTorontoON M5G 1M1Canada Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 1A8Canada Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoON M5G 1X8Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G4Canada Department of Computer Science University of TorontoTorontoON M5T 3A1Canada

Emerging heart-on-a-chip platforms are promising approaches to establish cardiac cell/tissue models in vitro for research on cardiac physiology,disease modeling and drug cardiotoxicity as well as for therapeutic *** still exist in obtaining the complete capability of in situ sensing to fully evaluate the complex functional properties of cardiac cell/tissue *** to contractile strength(contractility)and beating regularity(rhythm)are particularly important to generate accurate,predictive *** new platforms and technologies to assess the contractile functions of in vitro cardiac models is essential to provide information on cell/tissue physiologies,drug-induced inotropic responses,and the mechanisms of cardiac *** this review,we discuss recent advances in biosensing platforms for the measurement of contractile functions of in vitro cardiac models,including single cardiomyocytes,2D monolayers of cardiomyocytes,and 3D cardiac *** characteristics and performance of current platforms are reviewed in terms of sensing principles,measured parameters,performance,cell sources,cell/tissue model configurations,advantages,and *** addition,we highlight applications of these platforms and relevant discoveries in fundamental investigations,drug testing,and disease ***,challenges and future outlooks of heart-on-a-chip platforms for in vitro measurement of cardiac functional properties are discussed.

关键词： cardiac contractile regularity

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mechanical regulation of actin network dynamics in migrating cells

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Journal of Biomechanical Science and engineering 2010年第3期5卷 186-207页

作者： Okeyo, Kennedy Omondi Adachi, Taiji Hojo, Masaki Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science Kyoto University Yoshida-Honmachi Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Computational Cell Biomechanics Team VCAD System Research Program RIKEN 2-1 Wako 351-0198 Japan

Cell migration is fundamental to various physiological processes, including metastasis, wound healing and tissue development. The complex processes involved in cell migration;polymerization, adhesion, and retraction, are mediated by highly orchestrated structure-function interactions that occur within the actin cytoskeletal structure. Thus understanding how migrating cells regulate the global dynamics of their cytoskeletal components, which result from rather localized protein-protein interactions, is fundamental to elucidating the mechanisms of cell motility. The objective of this review is to explore the mechanical regulation of actin network dynamics in migrating cells, and to discuss its regulatory role in cell migration. Specifically, we examine the various mechanical forces involved in cell migration, and how they couple with biomechanical factors to spatiotemporally regulate the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton during cell motility. Two aspects of actin network dynamics are addressed, namely, network turnover by polymerization and depolymerization, and network flow resulting from actomyosin activity. We begin by highlighting the fundamental features of actin network dynamics in migrating cells. We then examine the coupling relationship between actin network flow and traction forces, as well as the mechanism underlying the regulation of traction forces by actin network flow. Finally, we integrate the various motility processes into a mechanical pathway in order to elucidate the importance of mechanical regulation of actin network dynamics to cell migration. © 2010 by JSME.

关键词： Cells

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Ornithopter modeling for flight simulation

Ornithopter modeling for flight simulation

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International Conference on Control, Automation and systems ( ICCAS)

作者： Jae-Hung Han Jin-Young Lee Dae-Kwan Kim Department of AeroSpace Engineering School of Mechanical AeroSpace and System Engineering KAIST Daejeon South Korea COMS Systems Department Communication Ocean & Meteorological Satellite Program Office Korea Aerospace Research Institute Daejeon South Korea

This paper presents the flight simulation of flapping-wing air vehicles (ornithopters) based on a refined flapping-wing aerodynamic model; the modified strip theory (MST). Compared with conventional types of micro air vehicles (MAVs), flapping MAVs show more complicated flight behaviors due to their complex wing motions and aerodynamics. In this paper, a flight dynamic model of an ornithopter is presented to analyze its stability and controllability. This paper focuses on the stabilization and path-following control of the ornithopter by adjusting the flapping frequency and tail-wingpsilas elevation angle. In spite of its nonlinear and complex behavior, controlling the tail-wing pitch angle can be effective for the stabilization in longitudinal motion of the ornithopter.

关键词： Aerospace simulation Aerodynamics Vehicle dynamics Unmanned aerial vehicles Force control Strips Control system synthesis Aerospace engineering Electronic mail Frequency

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Thermal characterisation of high-aspect-ratio nanoheaters using IR thermography

Thermal characterisation of high-aspect-ratio nanoheaters us...

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作者： Lee, Jun Hyung Cho, Young Hak Jang, Dong-Young Hong, Seok Kwan Kang, Jeong Jin Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology 232 Gongneung-ro Nowon-gu Seoul139-743 Korea Republic of Program Seoul National University of Science and Technology 232 Gongneung-ro Nowon-gu Seoul139-743 Korea Republic of 397 Seokcheon-ro Ojeong-gu Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do Korea Republic of

Recently, micro/nanoheater have been used and studied in various fields such as sensors. In particular, they have become important in biology and medicine. In this paper, we propose a novel measurement method which can indirectly measure the temperature distribution of a nanoheater's surface from side temperature measurements using infrared microscopes. Two different types of nanoheaters are fabricated and their thermal behaviours are analysed and characterised. They are fabricated in a top-down approach using silicon-on-insulator wafers and basic MEMS processes. Nanoheaters with a high-aspect-ratio are fabricated: a width of 200 nm, length of 100 μm and height of 30 μm. The nanoheater's surface is doped with boron by ion implantation for joule heating. Their thermal profile depending on their heat sink type was investigated. In conclusions, it is expected that a nanoheater with exact temperature control and thermally efficient structural design can be applied for bio-molecule manipulation. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Ion implantation

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Improvement of transmittance by fabricating broadband subwavelength anti-reflection structures for polycarbonate

Improvement of transmittance by fabricating broadband subwav...

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作者： Jang, H.S. Kim, J.H. Kim, K.S. Jung, G.Y. Lee, J.J. Kim, G.H. Division of Nano and Bio Technology Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Dalseo-gu Daegu 704-230 Korea Republic of Department of Material Science and Engineering Program for Integrated Molecular System Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 500-712 Korea Republic of Nano-Mechanical Systems Research Division Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials Daejeon 305-343 Korea Republic of

We report on how to increase transmittance of a 0.2 mm thick polycarbonate (PC) film by periodic subwavelength anti-reflection structures in the visible spectral range. Subwavelength anti-reflection structures like moth-eyes are fabricated into the polycarbonate substrate itself by thermal nanoimprinting lithography (TH-NIL), which uses silicon stamps that have periodic structures such as gratings (lines and spaces) and pillared dots, and are fabricated by laser interference lithography (LIL) and transformer coupled plasma etching. To increase transmittance of a polycarbonate film, we control the periods and shapes of patterns, the number of patterned surfaces, and the overlapping direction of patterns that are fabricated into its surfaces. As a result of this, we show that average transmittance improves as the pattern period gets shorter and as both surfaces of the film are patterned. We also show that the spectrum range gets larger as the pattern period gets shorter and is determined by the longer pattern period in the case of designing a film to have different pattern period on its surfaces. The maximum average transmittance of a polycarbonate film increases up to approximately 6% compared to a bare sample in the 470-800 nm spectral range. Copyright © 2011 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

关键词： Polycarbonates

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Synthetic Data-Empowered Supervised Machine Learning Modeling for a Binary Fracture Risk Assessment from 2D-DXA Analysis

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Choi, Heesun Quagliato, Luca Chung, Yoon-Sok Lee, Taeyong Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon16499 Korea Republic of

Background and Objectives: Bone fracture risk assessment for osteopenia and osteoporotic patients is essential for the adoption of early countermeasures and avoiding discomfort and hospitalization. Currently employed methodologies, such as FRAX®, provides a risk assessment over a five to ten years period without showing the main variables influencing the prediction nor how they can be targeted in the short term. Thus, a lesser black-box approach where the fracture risk can be assessed in real-time from a commonly employed analysis, id est the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (2D-DXA), would be of help to clinicians and patients alike. Accordingly, this study presents three real-time machine learning (ML) assessment models, with distinct complexity, architectures, and performances, capable of predicting a binary fracture risk based on a femur head-hip joint 2D-DXA scan. Methods: A ~10,000 adult Korean gathered between 2017 and 2021 and composed of ~90% female and ~10% male ranging from 50 to 99 years of age was considered. 10% of the data is relevant to subjects who experienced skeletal fractures, among which 245 cases are femur fractures. The 2D-DXA analyses of the femur head-hip joint region carried out on patients allowed collecting 23 parameters, including the patient’s age, BMI, and gender, associated with one binary variable, defined in terms of non-fracture (NFX) or fracture (FX), to be employed as the training dataset for the three ML models employed and optimized in this research. The 2D-DXA results’ database (DB) was employed to train three ML classifiers with a binary (NFX/FX) output layer, namely the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Deep Neural Network (DNN). To avoid overfitting due to the higher number of NFX data with respect to FX one, two features augmentation techniques based on the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and Oversample using Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) oversamplers were employed. For all

关键词： Fracture

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Reliability and performance of innovative surgical double-glove hole puncture indication systems

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Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants 2003年第2期13卷 69-83页

作者： Edlich, Richard F. Wind, Tyler C. Heather, Cynthia L. Thacker, John G. Plastic Surgical Research Program University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville VA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Charlottesville VA United States 16155 NW Jenne Lake Ct. Beaverton OR 97006 United States

During operative procedures, operating room personnel wear sterile surgical gloves designed to protect them and their patients against transmissible infections. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set compliance policy guides for manufacturers of gloves. The FDA allows surgeons' gloves whose leakage defect rates do not exceed 1.5 acceptable quality level (AQL) to be used in operating rooms. The implications of this policy are potentially enormous to operating room personnel and patients. This unacceptable risk to the personnel and patient could be significantly reduced by the use of sterile double surgical gloves. Because double-gloves are also susceptible to needle puncture, a double-glove hole indication system is urgently needed to immediately detect surgical needle glove punctures. This warning would allow surgeons to remove the double-gloves, wash their hands, and then don a sterile set of double-gloves with an indication system. During the last decade, Regent Medical has devised non-latex and latex double-glove hole puncture indication systems. The purpose of this comprehensive study is to detect the accuracy of the non-latex and latex double-glove hole puncture indication systems using five commonly used sterile surgical needles: the taper point surgical needle, tapercut surgical needle, reverse cutting edge surgical needle, taper cardiopoint surgical needle, and spatula surgical needle. After subjecting both the non-latex and latex double-glove hole puncture indication systems to surgical needle puncture in each glove fingertip, these double-glove systems were immersed in a sterile basin of saline, after which the double-gloved hands manipulated surgical instruments. Within two minutes, both the non-latex and latex hole puncture indication systems accurately detected needle punctures in all of the surgical gloves, regardless of the dimensions of the surgical needles. In addition, the size of the color change visualized through the translucent outer gl

关键词： Implants (surgical)

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Ease of donning of new powder-free non-latex and latex double-glove hole puncture indication systems

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Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants 2003年第2期13卷 91-96页

Cornstarch on surgical gloves is often used as a detackifying agent and a lubricant to facilitate glove donning. During the last century, scientific studies have demonstrated that cornstarch produces tissue injury in literally every part of the body. Because this glove lubricant cannot be removed from the glove, Dr. David Podell, an ophthalmologic surgeon, and his cousin, Howard Podell, a chemical engineer, devised the first powder-free surgical glove that could be donned easily. They coated the inner surface of the surgical glove with a methacrylate polymer lining that was bonded to the natural rubber latex. This special coating acts as a lubricant to facilitate donning with damp, wet, or dry hands. In our earlier experimental studies, we confirmed that these polymer-lined latex gloves could be donned with either wet or dry hands. More recently, the polymer-coated latex gloves were incorporated into a double-glove hole puncture indication system that accurately detected glove holes in the presence of fluid. Because this discovery has been expanded into the development of a non-latex double-glove hole puncture indication system, we have expanded our biomechanical performance studies to examine the glove donning forces of the latex and non-latex glove hole puncture indication systems. The maximum donning forces recorded for the non-latex undergloves were significantly lower than those encountered by the same respective sizes of the latex underglove. The donning forces of the thin Biogel® Super-Sensitive™ outer gloves were remarkably similar to the donning forces of the Biogel® Indicator™ undergloves. The thicker Biogel® outer gloves encountered greater donning forces than that noted for the Biogel® Super-Sensitive™ outer gloves. The donning forces recorded for the non-latex outer gloves were remarkably similar to those noted for the latex Biogel® outer gloves. Because the results of this biomechanical performance study demonstrated that the latex and n

关键词： Implants (surgical)

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