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Graphene: Van der Waals Epitaxial Double Heterostructure: InAs/Single‐Layer Graphene/InAs (Adv. Mater. 47/2013)

Advanced Materials 2013年第47期25卷

作者： Young Joon Hong Jae Won Yang Wi Hyoung Lee Rodney S. Ruoff Kwang S. Kim Takashi Fukui Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Graphene Research Institute and Hybrid Materials Research Center Sejong University Seoul 143–747 Korea Research Center for Integrated Quantum Electronics Hokkaido University Sapporo 060–8628 Japan Department of Chemistry Center for Superfunctional Materials Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 790–784 Korea Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering Konkuk University Seoul 143–701 Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Materials Science and Engineering Program The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 United States

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Nonlinear Analysis of Axi-Symmetric Solid Using Vector Mechanics

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CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN engineering & SCIENCES 2011年第2期82卷 83-112页

作者： Wu, T. Y. Mechanical System Engineering Program Institute of Nuclear Energy Research ROC AEC Taiwan

In this work nonlinear analysis of axi-symmetric solid using vector mechanics is performed, in which a triangular solid unit developed in compliance with the concept of vector form analysis is proposed. The vector form analysis uses point value description (rather than function) to describe motion and configuration of solid, which has governing equation directly formulated with respect to each mass point (particle). The point value description includes particles allocation for configuration and defining path elements for particle motion. In addition, constitutive conditions are properly defined to complete the formulation. The constitutive conditions linking the mass points in deformable solids are primarily complemented by the generalized forces evaluated by a solid unit which is developed in a set of physical modeling procedures. Along each path element, particle motion is described by Newton's law of motion for free particles or by prescribed path for constrained particles. Implementations of vector form analysis presented herein are carried out employing the solution steps of vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE). Numerical examples with behaviors of large deformation, nonlinear material properties, and contact for benchmark verifications are performed to demonstrate the capability and accuracy of the approach developed under the framework of vector form analysis.

关键词： vector mechanics axi-symmetric solid large deformation

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On reference node deployment for precise clock synchronization in smart power grid

On reference node deployment for precise clock synchronizati...

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9th IEEE Int. Conf. on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Comput., DASC 2011, incl. 9th Int. Conf. on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, PICom 2011, 9th Int. Symp. on Embedded Computing, EmbeddedCom 2011, 1st Int. Conf. on Cloud and Green Comput.CGC

作者： Chang, Chiu-Ping King, Chung-Ta Chan, Chen-Min Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Mechanical and System Engineering Program Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Taoyuan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769546124

Cloud computing will play an essential role in smart power grid by providing a cost-efficient, scalable IT platform for the delivery and management of electricity. A key component in the cloud-based smart power grid is the intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), which monitor, control, and protect the power system, and collect data back into the cloud for analysis and management. To maintain proper and robust operations of the power system, the collected data must be time-stamped under a common time reference. This in turn demands that the clocks of the distributed IEDs be synchronized to the required precision. A viable approach is to equip some of the IEDs with the Global Positioning system (GPS) as the time references and use the communication links already existing between the IEDs to synchronize the clocks of those without GPS. The question is, given a set of such references nodes, how to decide whether the clocks of all the IEDs can be synchronized to the required precision. If not, how can one add fewest reference nodes to meet the requirements? This paper addresses these issues and proposes efficient algorithms to solve the problems. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Smart power grids

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A catadioptric and pan-tilt-zoom camera pair object tracking system for UAVs

A catadioptric and pan-tilt-zoom camera pair object tracking...

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作者： Tarhan, Metin Altuğ, Erdinç System Dynamics and Control Graduate Program Istanbul Technical University Istanbul 34437 Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Inönü Cad. No:65 Gümüşsuyu Beyoǧlu Istanbul 34437 Turkey

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are seeing widespread use in military, scientific, and civilian sectors in recent years. As the mission demands increase, these systems are becoming more complicated. Omnidirectional camera is a vision sensor that can captures 360° view in a single frame. In recent years omnidirectional camera usage has experienced a remarkable increase in many fields, where many innovative research has been done. Although, it is very promising, employment of omnidirectional cameras in UAVs is quite new. In this paper, an innovative sensory system is proposed, that has an omnidirectional imaging device and a pan tilt zoom (PTZ) camera. Such a system combines the advantages of both of the camera systems. The system can track any moving object within its 360° field of view and provide detailed images of it. The detection of the moving object has been accomplished by an adaptive background subtraction method implemented on the lowered resolution images of the catadioptric camera. A novel algorithm has also been developed to estimate the relative distance of the object with respect to the UAV, using tracking information of both of the cameras. The algorithms are implemented on an experimental system to validate the approach. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

关键词： Military vehicles

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Multi-scale analysis on cavitation damage and its mitigation for the spallation neutron source

Multi-scale analysis on cavitation damage and its mitigation...

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4th International Conference on Computational Methods for Coupled Problems in Science and engineering, COUPLED PROBLEMS 2011

作者： Okita, Kohei Ono, Kenji Shu, Takagi Matsumoto, Yoichiro Functionality Simulation and Information Team VCAD System Research Program RIKEN Hirosawa 2-1 Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9788489925786

Impact of injecting microbubbles on the thermal expansion due to the nuclear spallation reaction were examined numerically. Since the mercury density is higher than the density of solid wall, the interaction between mercury and solid wall must be taken into account. Our approach is to solve the momentum and energy conservation equations and the time development of elastic stress for both bubbly fluid and elastic solid. The Keller equation is employed to reproduce the nonlinear oscillation of bubble with considering the thermal dumping effect by the reduced order model. The continuum phase of liquid mercury is coupled with the discrete phase of microbubbles using the Euler-Lagrange method. As the results, the bubble cloud develops around the center of inertia of motion induced by the thermal expansion. The elasticity of the wall affects on the migration of the center of inertia away from the wall. The injection of microbubbles is effective to decrease the pressure rise due to thermal expansion for both rigid and elastic wall conditions when the void fraction of microbubbles is higher than the volume rate of thermal expansion of liquid mercury.

关键词： Thermal expansion

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Improvement of transmittance by fabricating broadband subwavelength anti-reflection structures for polycarbonate

Improvement of transmittance by fabricating broadband subwav...

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作者： Jang, H.S. Kim, J.H. Kim, K.S. Jung, G.Y. Lee, J.J. Kim, G.H. Division of Nano and Bio Technology Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Dalseo-gu Daegu 704-230 Korea Republic of Department of Material Science and Engineering Program for Integrated Molecular System Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 500-712 Korea Republic of Nano-Mechanical Systems Research Division Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials Daejeon 305-343 Korea Republic of

We report on how to increase transmittance of a 0.2 mm thick polycarbonate (PC) film by periodic subwavelength anti-reflection structures in the visible spectral range. Subwavelength anti-reflection structures like moth-eyes are fabricated into the polycarbonate substrate itself by thermal nanoimprinting lithography (TH-NIL), which uses silicon stamps that have periodic structures such as gratings (lines and spaces) and pillared dots, and are fabricated by laser interference lithography (LIL) and transformer coupled plasma etching. To increase transmittance of a polycarbonate film, we control the periods and shapes of patterns, the number of patterned surfaces, and the overlapping direction of patterns that are fabricated into its surfaces. As a result of this, we show that average transmittance improves as the pattern period gets shorter and as both surfaces of the film are patterned. We also show that the spectrum range gets larger as the pattern period gets shorter and is determined by the longer pattern period in the case of designing a film to have different pattern period on its surfaces. The maximum average transmittance of a polycarbonate film increases up to approximately 6% compared to a bare sample in the 470-800 nm spectral range. Copyright © 2011 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

关键词： Polycarbonates

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Numerical Study of the Effective Combination of Microbubbles and Ultrasound in HIFU Therapy

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2011年第1期1359卷 437-442页

作者： Kohei Okita Kazuyasu Sugiyama Kenji Ono Shu Takagi Yoichiro Matsumoto aFunctionality Simulation and Information Team VCAD System Research Program RIKEN 2‐1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351‐0198 Japan bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113‐8656 Japan cOrgan and Body Scale Simulation Team Computational Science Research Program RIKEN 2‐1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351‐0198 Japan

The effective combination of microbubbles and ultrasound in HIFU therapy has been investigated through a numerical simulation. The equations for conservation of mass, momentum and energy are solved for a microbubble‐infused mixture, and model HIFU therapy in the presence of microbubbles. The bubbles follow Rayleigh‐Plesset equation, and are coupled with the mixture using the Euler‐Lagrange method. The impacts of both the volume fraction due to the microbubbles and the amplitude of the ultrasound on the heat distribution are analyzed by using a two dimensional cylindrical simulation of the propagation of focused ultrasound (1 MHz) through a mixture of bubbles 1.3 μm in diameter. As the initial void fraction increased, the shape of the high temperature region was observed to change from cigar shape, to tadpole shaped, to cone shape. It was numerically confirmed that the temperature dramatically increased by means of inertial cavitation. The results show that the effectiveness of HIFU therapy increases with increased initial void fraction, as well as an input ultrasound amplitude above the threshold required for inertial cavitation.

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Automated Scoring of Liver Fibrosis through Combined Features from Different Collagen Groups

Automated Scoring of Liver Fibrosis through Combined Feature...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Shuoyu Xu Dean Tai Aileen Wee Roy Welsch Peter So Hanry Yu Jagath Rajapakse Computation and System Biology Program Histoindex Pte.Ltd. Department of Pathology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore National University Hospital Sloan School of Management Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Director of Bioinformatics Research Center School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

Liver biopsy remains the gold standard in monitoring progression of liver fibrosis associated with an abnormal increase in collagen. Descriptive scoring systems are still being widely used to grade biopsy samples. In this study, we propose a new set of features by clustering collagen fibers into three groups first based on their localization and connectivity properties, and then by extracting morphological features of collagen fibers. The new feature set is compared to the earlier features used in classification of liver fibrosis, which were based on the total amount of collagen fibers. Our results show that new features lead to more accurate grading of liver fibrosis.

关键词： Liver Fibrosis collagen fiber Scoring Scoring liver biopsy Collagen gold standard

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The impact of active learning during out-of-school time (OST) Energy Clubs on elementary school students

The impact of active learning during out-of-school time (OST...

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2010 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Albers, Lynn Lindsay, Karen Hemric, Janice Tucker, Jade Bottomley, Laura Hollebrands, Karen Parry, Elizabeth Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department North Carolina State University United States Wake County Public School System United States Washington Elementary School United States Fuller Elementary School United States College of Engineering North Carolina State University United States Department of Math Science and Technology Education North Carolina State University United States RAMP-UP program United States

Active learning during out-of-school time Energy Clubs, can positively affect students in grades 3-5 by improving their understanding of technology, what engineers do, the engineering design process, and how to improve a windmill. RAMP-UP assessed the impact through a pre- and posttest from the engineering is Elementary workbook, "Catching the Wind."[2] After completing one activity where the students built windmills out of milk cartons, there were positive improvements in their understanding of technology, what engineers do and the engineering design process ranging from 3% to 8%. Significant gains (p

关键词： Students

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mechanical regulation of actin network dynamics in migrating cells

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Journal of Biomechanical Science and engineering 2010年第3期5卷 186-207页

作者： Okeyo, Kennedy Omondi Adachi, Taiji Hojo, Masaki Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science Kyoto University Yoshida-Honmachi Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Computational Cell Biomechanics Team VCAD System Research Program RIKEN 2-1 Wako 351-0198 Japan

Cell migration is fundamental to various physiological processes, including metastasis, wound healing and tissue development. The complex processes involved in cell migration;polymerization, adhesion, and retraction, are mediated by highly orchestrated structure-function interactions that occur within the actin cytoskeletal structure. Thus understanding how migrating cells regulate the global dynamics of their cytoskeletal components, which result from rather localized protein-protein interactions, is fundamental to elucidating the mechanisms of cell motility. The objective of this review is to explore the mechanical regulation of actin network dynamics in migrating cells, and to discuss its regulatory role in cell migration. Specifically, we examine the various mechanical forces involved in cell migration, and how they couple with biomechanical factors to spatiotemporally regulate the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton during cell motility. Two aspects of actin network dynamics are addressed, namely, network turnover by polymerization and depolymerization, and network flow resulting from actomyosin activity. We begin by highlighting the fundamental features of actin network dynamics in migrating cells. We then examine the coupling relationship between actin network flow and traction forces, as well as the mechanism underlying the regulation of traction forces by actin network flow. Finally, we integrate the various motility processes into a mechanical pathway in order to elucidate the importance of mechanical regulation of actin network dynamics to cell migration. © 2010 by JSME.

关键词： Cells

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