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Environmental Pollution and Management 2024年 1卷 223-234页

作者： Md Mehedee Hasan Most Nishat Tarannum Gazi A.K.M. Rafiqul Bari Ashikur Rahman Swapon Md Shahjahan Kabir Shakil Ahmmed Md. Daraj Uddin Prodhan Department of Agricultural Chemistry Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 South Korea Department of Fisheries Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering Gachon University 1342 Seongnam-daero Sujeong-gu Seongnam-si 13120 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System Chonnam National University Republic of Korea Department of Food Processing and Preservation Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202 Bangladesh Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh

Microplastics (MPs), defined as plastic particles smaller than five millimeters, are pervasive environmental pollutants affecting ecosystems from aquatic habitats to terrestrial soils. While extensive research has been conducted on MPs contamination in marine environments, the impacts of MPs in agricultural soils, particularly on plant health, remain underexplored. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of MPs contamination sources, pathways, and effects on soil properties and plant systems, focusing on MPs unique mechanisms of translocation within plants. By examining the role of MPs in disrupting soil structure, microbial communities, and plant growth, this paper identifies critical knowledge gaps and highlights the ecological risks of MPs presence in agricultural settings. Unlike prior reviews, this work provides a plant-centric perspective, addressing MPs uptake, translocation, and accumulation within plant tissues, and proposes novel mitigation strategies such as biodegradable alternatives and advancements in waste management. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of MPs interactions with heavy metals and other pollutants in soil, which may amplify toxicity in plant systems and impact overall soil fertility. This review aims to inform future research directions and policy-making efforts to mitigate the adverse effects of MPs in terrestrial ecosystems, with significant implications for agricultural productivity, soil health, and long-term food security.

关键词： Microplastics Soil contamination Plant health Agricultural productivity Environmental pollution

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Experimental determination and modelling of a PV module with evaporative cooling for hybrid power generation and distilled water production

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3236卷

作者： Titiasak Chea Thoranis Deethayat Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat Attakorn Asanakham Energy Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School Chiang Mai University 239 Huay Kaew Road Muang District Chiang Mai Thailand 50200 Thermal System Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University 239 Huay Kaew Road Muang District Chiang Mai Thailand 50200

This research developed a model from experimental data for predicting electrical performance and rate of distilled water production using a photovoltaic (PV) module with evaporative cooling. The model required information of solar radiation incident upon the module, the ambient temperature, the module’s surface area, the mass flow rate and temperature of water entering the cooling pad as well as the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT). Experiments were performed with a module having an area of 1.94 m2, attached with 5-mm thick cellulose-polypropylene at the rear surface. Moreover, water feed into the pad was controlled at a temperature of 26-28 ℃ and a fixed flow rate of 0.25 L/min to assure that the pad was fully wetted. The solar heat absorbed by the module could be used to generate water vapor from the pad, which was then condensed on a frame underneath. The experimental data showed that the NOCT was reduced to 43 ℃ from 48 ℃ for an unmodified unit. With evaporation and condensation of water vapor, the PV module could generate more electrical energy, and the unit could also produce distilled water at a mass rate that depended linearly on the difference between the PV module and ambient temperatures. The simulation indicated a strong correlation with the actual test results on both clear sky and cloudy days. Additionally, monthly and yearly performances were simulated in three cities, Chiang Mai with its tropical savanna climate, Sihanouk Ville with a tropical climate, and Ouargla with a tropical desert climate. In relation to solar radiation levels, the highest net annual electrical energy was observed in Ouargla, followed by Sihanouk Ville and Chiang Mai, 806.12, 691.59 and 676.20 kWh, respectively. Annual yields of distilled water were 523.44, 460.48, and 372.52 L/y for Sihanouk Ville, Chiang Mai and Ouargla, respectively.

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Microfluidic nanodevices for drug sensing and screening applications

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Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2023年 219卷 114783页

作者： Pal, Arnab Kaswan, Kuldeep Barman, Snigdha Roy Lin, Yu-Zih Chung, Jun-Hsuan Sharma, Manish Kumar Liu, Kuei-Lin Chen, Bo-Huan Wu, Chih-Cheng Lee, Sangmin Choi, Dongwhi Lin, Zong-Hong Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan International Intercollegiate PhD Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center Taoyuan333 Taiwan Center of Quality Management National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch Hsinchu30059 Taiwan College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei10051 Taiwan Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute Zhunan 35053 Taiwan School of Mechanical Engineering Chung-Ang University Seoul06974 Korea Republic of Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi 17104 Korea Republic of

The outbreak of pandemics (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 in 2019), influenza A viruses (H1N1 in 2009), etc.), and worldwide spike in the aging population have created unprecedented urgency for developing new drugs to improve disease treatment. As a result, extensive efforts have been made to design novel techniques for efficient drug monitoring and screening, which form the backbone of drug development. Compared to traditional techniques, microfluidics-based platforms have emerged as promising alternatives for high-throughput drug screening due to their inherent miniaturization characteristics, low sample consumption, integration, and compatibility with diverse analytical strategies. Moreover, the microfluidic-based models utilizing human cells to produce in-vitro biomimetics of the human body pave new ways to predict more accurate drug effects in humans. This review provides a comprehensive summary of different microfluidics-based drug sensing and screening strategies and briefly discusses their advantages. Most importantly, an in-depth outlook of the commonly used detection techniques integrated with microfluidic chips for highly sensitive drug screening is provided. Then, the influence of critical parameters such as sensing materials and microfluidic platform geometries on screening performance is summarized. This review also outlines the recent applications of microfluidic approaches for screening therapeutic and illicit drugs. Moreover, the current challenges and the future perspective of this research field is elaborately highlighted, which we believe will contribute immensely towards significant achievements in all aspects of drug development. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Microfluidics

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Crowning Analysis of Involute Helical Pairs Shaved by CNC Gear Shaving Machine with Two Synchronous Axes

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2018年第1期417卷

作者： Ruei-Hung Hsu Shih-Sheng Chen Bachelor Program in Precision System Design Feng Chia University No. 100 Wenhwa Road Seatwen Taichung 407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chung Hsing University No. 250 Kuo-Kuang Road Taichung 40227 Taiwan

Gear Shaving is one of the most efficient and economical ways to finish gears after gear hobbing or gear shaping. In tradition, the shaved gear can be crowning by shaving machine with the rocking mechanism. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model of a CNC shaving machine with two synchronous axes. The proposed mathematical model can be used to calculate the crowning tooth surface of the gear in parallel-shaving process.

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Data Mining: The Classification Method to Predict the Types of Motorcycle Spare Parts to be Restocked

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第2期662卷

作者： S L B Ginting Y R Ginting Sutono A Rakhman Computer System Study Program Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Universitas Komputer Indonesia Jl. Dipati Ukur 112-116 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Riau Kampus Bina Widya KM 12 5 Simpang Baru Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia

The research intends to create an application which is able to analyse sales data in a motorcycle company to predict the types of spare parts which should be stocked. This prediction is crucial since problems are often encountered while restocking. For instance, when there have been some imprecisions occurring in deciding regarding the types of spare parts to restock, the spare parts accumulate. It can cause inefficiency in terms of storage, the products quality deteriorates due to having been stored for too long, and sometimes the best-selling products are not available in the warehouse. This application is developed with Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) method which has a high accuracy in predicting future occurrences. This method works by calculating the probability value in each attribute class and determining the optimal probability value. From the test results, 4500 training data with 200 sample test data has 90% similarity with the results of the restock decision without application. For 500 test data, the similarity was 96%. It is proven that this method has a high accuracy so that it can help the decision makers solved the company problem in predicting the types of motorcycle parts to be restocked.

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Pale Red Dot: A Large, Robust Architecture for Human Settlements on Mars

Pale Red Dot: A Large, Robust Architecture for Human Settlem...

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Accelerating Space Commerce, Exploration, and New Discovery Conference, ASCEND 2023

作者： Lordos, George Hoying, Madelyn McKinney, Lanie Webb, Alisa Lin, Yuying Martin, Estelle Beilstein, John Miller, Duncan Villegas, David Sepulveda, Francisco AlSadah, Yousif Iyer, Divya O’Neill, Cormac Patel, Palak Garcia, Ignacio Arzuaga Azzouz, H. Chan, Wing Lam Eyre, Ezra Gleason, Dane Romero, Elizabeth Arias, Liliana Orozco, Omar Gentgen, Chloe Latyshev, Kir Hoffman, Jeffrey de Weck, Olivier Ikinci, Meltem Lordos, Alexandros Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program and MIT Aeronautics and Astronautics 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States System Design and Management Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. E40-300 CambridgeMA02139 United States Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Electrical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Computer Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 37-219 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-410 CambridgeMA02139 United States Behavioral Economics University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Department of Psychology University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (数字)9781624107054

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107054

We propose a ten-yearMars mission to establish Earth-independence and support efficient, safe, and sustainable science and exploration goals. The campaign begins with a series of precursor missions, starting with the Artemis program, followed by robotic missions to performsite surveys and selection, de-risk technologies, and to start stockpiling in-situ water and propellant. Robotic Cargo Starships would depart first in 2035 to deliver and deploy approximately 5,800 tons of habitats, nuclear microreactors, farmmodules, manufacturing and ISRU systems. In 2040, two Crew Starships carrying 36 persons would land onMars to establish two close-proximity villages. The lifecycle cost is estimated at $81 billion, with a peak annual cost of $6.6 billion. To meet RASC-AL competition requirements, intended to motivate the exploration of highly self-reliant architecture concepts, resupply from Earth was constrained to only 5 metric tons every two years and minimum surface endurance was set at 7 years. The risks to human life and to critical systems increase exponentially over a minimally-resupplied, 7-10 year mission toMars. Our approach focused on identifying capabilities to mitigate known and unknown risks. Using a high-fidelity crew time model, we found that large architectures, with their economies of scale and productivity gains from specialization, are essential to robustly support the necessary capabilities. The model also shows that small 7-year missions of 12 persons or less cannot provide value in terms of free surface traverse time for science and exploration. Given the necessity of a large, complex architecture, we then sought out efficiencies and synergies (value engineering) in order to make the mission feasible and affordable. In the process, we identified more benefits that are enabled only by large missions, including the creation of a true community on Mars with sufficient social complexity for humans to thrive, and the geopolitically compelling option to inclu

关键词： Value engineering

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The Development of Bank Application for Debtors Selection by Using Naïve Bayes Classifier Technique

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2018年第1期407卷

作者： S L B Ginting J Adler Y R Ginting A H Kurniadi Computer System Study Program Universitas Komputer Indonesia Jl. Dipati Ukur 112-116 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Riau Kampus Bina Widya KM 125 Simpang Baru Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to create an application that functions automatically with high accuracy when analyzing bank customer data. This needed due to non-performing loans occurring frequently caused by the inaccuracy of credit analysts in the assessment of creditworthiness. This can be seen in the incident occurred in a public bank located in Bandung. This bank does not have the database that serves to accommodate data history and the method used in assessing creditworthiness is merely based on the simple statistical analysis. This leads to reduced accuracy and speed in the decision-making process. This research applies Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) method, a Data Mining technique. This helps credit analysts to select customers who are truly eligible to be given credit so that non-performing loan can be avoided. NBC calculates the probability of one class from each group of attributes and determines which class is most optimal. The accuracy of the NBC sampling test from 500 data is 95% compared to the decision made by a credit analyst. It can be concluded that this application is very helpful for credit analysts in recommending customers who are eligible for a loan to the bank's decision maker.

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SIMPLIFICATION OF GAS-TURBINE INTAKE ANTI-ICE systemS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第1期100卷 45-52页

作者： EXELL, JR KILLINGER, A LCdr. John R. Excell: USN received a bachelor of architecture from the University of Michigan and a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from the U. S. Navy Postgraduate School. He was commissioned in 1973 serving first as damage control assistant aboard USSGuadalcanal(LPH-7) and later as commissioning main propulsion assistant on USSMerrill(DD-976). He became an engineering duty officer in 1979 and served at Norfolk Naval Shipyard as senior ship superintendent for six ships and later within the shipyard Design Department. In May 1984 LCdr. Exell was assigned to the DD-963 Class Special Projects Office as program manager for air system improvements including the bleed air and anti-ice systems. He recently completed the Defense Systems Management College Ft. Belvoir VA and returned to NavSea PMS 377 as deputy for strategic sealift programs. Arthur Killinger:graduated from the University of Maryland in 1968 with a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering. He joined MPR Associates Inc. working on submarine safety design reviews following the loss of USSScorpion(SSN 589). After two years in the U.S. Army Nuclear Reactor Program and a year as U.S. Army engineer maintenance advisor in the Republic of Vietnam he returned to MPR Associates Inc. in 1972. Since then he has worked on nuclear power plant projects for several electric utilities as well as submarine and surface ship overhaul and maintenance improvement programs for the U.S. Navy. Mr. Killinger is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

This paper describes the steps taken to simplify the gas turbine intake anti-ice systems on DD-963 and DDG-993 class ships. The anti-ice system was designed and built as fully-automatic protection against intake duct icing on main propulsion turbines and electric generator turbines. Operating experience with the system indicated that it was nonfunctional more than 60% of the time. The system's poor availability was caused by its complexity, lack of use, lack of spare parts, poor training and documentation, and design and material problems. A Navy Independent Design Review Team (IDRT) reexamined the technical bases for installing an automatic anti-ice system and demonstrated that automatic control was not necessary for gas turbine intake duct anti-icing. A series of design review calculations and shipboard tests confirmed that anti-icing protection could be provided by manual control of installed butterfly valves feeding hot air to each turbine intake. The time from the IDRT design simplification recommendations to the first modification of the anti-ice system was less than one year. To date, half of the 30 of the 35 ships in the two classes have been modified. This system simplification will result in life cycle maintenance cost savings in excess of 13 million dollars. Future CG-47 class and DDG-51 class ships will include this simplified approach to anti-ice system design for gas turbine intakes.

关键词： GAS TURBINES

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Effects of sodium alginate-poly(acrylic acid) cross-linked hydrogel beads on soil conditioner in the absence and presence of phosphate and carbonate ions

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Hidayat, Endar Sarbani, Nur Maisarah Mohamad Lahiri, Sudip Kumar Samitsu, Sadaki Yonemura, Seiichiro Mitoma, Yoshiharu Harada, Hiroyuki Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research Program in Biological System Sciences Prefectural University of Hiroshima Shobara 727-0023 Japan Department of Life System Science Faculty of Bioresources Science Prefectural University of Hiroshima Shobara 727-0023 Japan Data-driven Polymer Design Group Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials National Institute for Materials Science 1−2−1 Sengen Tsukuba 305-0047 Japan Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto M5S 3G8 ON Canada Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute Chettinad Academy of Research and Education Tamil Nadu Kelambakkam 603103 India

Hydrogel beads, composed of polymers, possess the ability to absorb substantial quantities of water simultaneously and gradually release it in dry conditions. In this work, hydrogel beads were synthesized using sodium alginate (S-Alg) and poly (acrylic acid) (P-Acc), either in the absence or presence of phosphate (PO₄ ³⁻) (S-Alg/P-Acc@PO₄ ³⁻) and carbonate (CO₃ ²⁻) anionic ions (S-Alg/P-Acc@CO₃ ²⁻). Subsequently, these beads were crosslinked with Ca²⁺ ions. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated that the presence of anionic ions has an impact on the structure of the hydrogel beads and enhances porosity expansion while concurrently reducing the concentration of carboxyl (COOH) groups. The hydrogel beads exhibited a great swelling behavior, with S-Alg/P-Acc@CO₃ ²⁻ capable of absorbing up to 73.5 % of water in acidic conditions, but decreased under neutral and basic conditions. Soil water loss (SWL) experiments confirmed the ability of hydrogel beads to retain water in the soil. Additionally, observations of soil characteristics after a 14-day treatment revealed no significant difference in pH and C/N ratio (P-value <0.05). However, soil's available Fe and N–NO₃ ^- significantly reduced (P-value <0.05) while substantially promoting soil N–NH₄ ⁺, available phosphorus (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and exchangeable cation (Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺). The presence of hydroxyl (-OH) and –COOH groups was found to be crucial for enhancing soil properties. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Anionic ions Hydrogel beads Poly (acrylic acid) Sodium alginate Soil characteristics Soil water retention Swelling

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The Application of Fuzzy Logic Method in the Debtors Eligibility Assessment system of Microfinance Institution

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期879卷

作者： S L B Ginting M R M Rizky Y R Ginting Sutono Computer System Study Program Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Universitas Komputer Indonesia Jl. Dipati Ukur 112-116 Bandung 40132 Indonesia. Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Riau Kampus Bina Widya KM 125 Simpang Baru Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia.

Decision-making processes in determining loan eligibility are often subjective which leads to imprecise credit predictions. Due to inaccurate inquiry on prospective customers done by field survey officers of Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Bandung City, it has experienced credit complications such as bad credits. Therefore, this study aims to help decision-makers in determining creditworthiness and preventing bad credits from occurring. To realize this solution, the study uses the Fuzzy Logic method to calculate the creditworthiness of each prospective loaner based on the inquiries done in the field survey. Fuzzy Logic is known to be a 'counting' methodology with varying words. In addition, it can implement human expertise into machine language with ease and adequately. Based on numerous testing performed, the results demonstrate a level of 90% in accuracy when inputting within the valid ranges of each fuzzy set and membership function. However, the level of accuracy is only based on the clarification result which is determined by a researcher and BPR director, not a general level of accuracy for other microfinance institutions. Nevertheless, the findings of this study prove the method has a high enough accuracy to support decision-makers in determining the loan eligibility of prospective loaners and through this application in the surveying process, survey workers can work more efficiently. Hence, in future has a higher chance of predicting bad credits from potential loaners.

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