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Evaluating the impacts of environmental and human health of the critical minerals mining and processing industries in Indonesia using life cycle assessment

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 10卷

作者： Wahyono, Yoyon Sasongko, Nugroho Adi Trench, Allan Anda, Martin Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto Aisyah, Nyayu Anisah, Anisah Ariyanto, Novy Kumalasari, Isnaeni Putri, Virny Zasyana Eka Lestari, Mutia Citrawati Panggabean, Lambas Parlaungan Ridlo, Rohmadi Sundari, Sundari Suryaningtyas, Anissa Dewi Novianti, Endah Dwi Hakim, Muhammad Raihan Farras Prihatin, Anggara Lomak Matin, Hashfi Hawali Abdul Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN Prof. BJ. Habibie Complex Area Banten Tangerang Selatan 15314 Indonesia Energy Security Graduate Program Republic of Indonesia Defense University IPSC Sentul Area West Java 16810 Indonesia Centre for Exploration Targeting School of Earth Sciences The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley 6009 WA Australia UWA Business School 35 Stirling Highway Crawley 6009 WA Australia Environmental Engineering Murdoch University Murdoch 6150 WA Australia Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50241 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50275 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Vocational School Gadjah Mada University Sleman Yogyakarya 55281 Indonesia Study Program of Environmental Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Sebelas Maret Central Java Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

The critical minerals industries in Indonesia may pose possible environmental and human health risks due to the release of pollutants into soil, water, and air, as well as the use of materials and energy. This study investigates the possible environmental and human health impacts of Indonesia's nickel, gold, copper, tin, and bauxite mining and processing industries. This study utilizes the latest version of the OpenLCA software, version 2.0, in combination with the Ecoinvent 3.8 database. To evaluate potential environmental consequences and health effects on humans, CML-IA Baseline and Environmental Priority Strategies (EPS) are employed in product development. The EPS system was developed utilizing a hierarchical methodology with the objective of furnishing the product developer with data regarding the financial impact of human health impairment resulting from a particular product development. The production of one tonne of gold, nickel, bauxite, tin, and copper results in the emission of 7.34.E+07, 4.61.E+04, 3.10.E+04, 1.02.E+04, 8.01.E+03 kg CO₂ eq/t, respectively, contributing to global warming. This production is associated with asthma cases of 7.79.E+01 (gold industry), 2.21.E−03 (copper industry), 1.81.E−03 (tin industry), 9.21.E−04 (nickel industry), and 4.71.E−06 (bauxite industry) Personyears/t. Electricity consumption and the release of carbon dioxide are the main factors contributing to global warming. The primary cause of asthma cases is the utilization of fuel oil and electricity. Power plant chimneys can employ various technologies, such as cyclones, bag filters, and scrubbers, to mitigate the release of polluting gas emissions. The critical mineral industry must prioritize handling and governing of steam power facilities to minimize their negative effects on the environment and human health. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Critical minerals industries Environmental impacts Human health impacts Life cycle assessment

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FUNCTIONAL MODULES AS AN APPROACH TO UNDERWATER VEHICLE OPERATION

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Naval Engineers Journal 1963年第3期75卷 591-596页

作者： PRITZLAFF, JOHN A. The author attended Northwestern University under the regular NROTC program. After graduation in 1951 he served on board the USS Charles J. Badger DD657. His duties included Torpedo Officer Main Propulsion Assistant and Engineer Officer. He obtained his master's degree in Mechanical Engineering at Northwestern University in 1955. While working as a Mechanical Engineer for the General Electric Company he has been active in the fields of hydraulics pneumatics and mechanical component design. He also developed an optical-mechanical portion of POLARIS fire control system. His underwater activities include sonobuoy development and test work as well as the development of an experimental underwater component deployment vehicle. Tests on this vehicle were made in conjunction with various Naval Laboratories and test stations. He is a Lieutenant in the Naval Reserve and a licensed professional engineer in the States of Illinois and New York.

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THE NAVY DISTILLATE FUEL CONVERSION program

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Naval Engineers Journal 1971年第6期83卷 51-58页

作者： SIGAL, EDWARD B. The authoris the Assistant for Special Projects in the Steam Generator Branch at the Philadelphia Division of the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He graduated from Penn State University in 1961 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering and attended the University of Pennsylvania. Upon graduation he was employed at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard's Design Division where he conducted Propulsion System Evaluation Trials on new construction ships. For the last seven years he has been a member of the Naval Ship Engineering Center's engineering staff during which time he has conducted and been responsible for research development testing and evaluation of Naval Steam Generators and their appurtenances and has been coordinating the Distillate Fuel Conversion Program since 1967. He is a member of Pi Tau Sigma and Tau Beta Pi.

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The development of bank applications for debtors' selection by using Naïve Bayes classifier technique

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2018年第1期407卷

作者： S L B Ginting J Adler Y R Ginting A H Kurniadi Study Program of Computer System Universitas Komputer Indonesia Jl. Dipati Ukur 112-116 Bandung 40132 Indonesia. Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Riau Kampus Bina Widya KM 125 Simpang Baru Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia.

The purpose of this study is to create an application which functions automatically with high accuracy when analyzing bank customer data. This needed due to non-performing loans occurring frequently caused by the inaccuracy of credit analysts in the assessment of creditworthiness. This can be seen in the incident occurred in a public bank located in Bandung. This bank does not have the database that serves to accommodate data history and the method used in assessing creditworthiness is merely based on the simple statistical analysis. This leads to reduced accuracy and speed in the decision-making process. This research applies Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) method, a Data Mining technique. This helps credit analysts to select customers who are truly eligible to be given credit so that non-performing loan can be avoided. NBC calculates the probability of one class from each group of attributes and determines which class is most optimal. The accuracy of the NBC sampling test from 501 data is 94% compared to the decision made by a credit analyst. It can be concluded that this application is very helpful for credit analysts in recommending customers who are eligible for a loan to the bank's decision maker.

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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ROCKET MOTOR DESIGN FOR UNDERWATER SHOCK

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 215-225页

作者： YAGLA, JJ The authorreceived his B.A. degree in science (physics) from the Slate College of Iowa in 1965. He received his M.S. degree in engineering mechanics in 1968 and his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering and engineering science in 1981 from Arizona State University. He has done analytical and experimental research in the field of weapons blast and dynamical response since 1965 at the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Dahlgren Virginia. As a supervisory research mechanical engineer he was previously head of the Physical Response Analysis Branch Blast Effects Branch and Ship Engineering Branch. Dr. Yagla is the test development agent and was test conductor for the gun and missile structural test firings in USSIowaclass battleships. He is a consultant to the Naval Sea Systems Command battleship combat system engineer and the Naval Air Systems Command Cruise Missile Project for blast and structural response. He has been involved in the development of Standard missile and its launching systems since 1969. He participated in the design of shock tests for the Mk 104 rocket motor and analyzed the data. He is presently analyzing shock and vibration problems for the Standard Missile Program Office.

Naval ships and equipment are designed to survive underwater shock. The underwater shock can result from a nearby explosion of a bomb or missile, or the underwater detonation of a nuclear weapon. The shock wave travels through the water and applies an impulsive pressure load to the ship. The ship responds by a sudden acceleration in a direction up and away from the explosion. The motion of the ship is imparted to its weapons and equipment. In the case of Standard missile, impulsive loads are applied to the missiles stowed in the magazines. The evolutionary design of rocket motor chambers and launch shoes for Standard missile for underwater shock is traced from the early Tartar missile to the latest version of Standard missile. As the weight of the missile has increased and the performance requirements have become more demanding, the design of the weapon for underwater shock has become more difficult. The paper explains the design approaches and techniques. Theoretical and experimental methods have been required. Finally, the paper highlights the experiences and problems in conducting underwater shock experiments with production systems in ships at sea.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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Low Threshold Bound State in the Continuum Lasers in Hybrid Lattice Resonance Metasurfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Yang, Jhen-Hong Maksimov, Dmitrii N. Huang, Zhen-Ting Pankin, Pavel S. Timofeev, Ivan V. Hong, Kuo-Bing Li, Heng Chen, Jia-Wei Hsu, Chu-Yuan Liu, Yi-Yun Lu, Tien-Chang Lin, Tzy-Rong Yang, Chan-Shan Chen, Kuo-Ping Institute of Photonic System College of Photonics National Chiao-Tung University Tainan71150 Taiwan Kirensky Institute of Physics Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS Krasnoyarsk660036 Russia Siberian Federal University Krasnoyarsk660041 Russia Department of Photonics College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics College of Photonics National Chiao-Tung University Tainan71150 Taiwan Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung20224 Taiwan Institute and Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei11677 Taiwan Micro/Nano Device Inspection and Research Center National Taiwan Normal University Taipei106 Taiwan Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics College of Photonics National Chiao-Tung University Tainan71150 Taiwan

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to the infinite quality factor (Q-factor) resonance and extremely localized field. In this study, BICs have been demonstrated by dielectric metasurfaces with hybrid surface lattice resonance (SLR) in the experiment. By breaking the symmetry of geometry, SLR can be easily switched between BICs and quasi-BICs. Comparing with literature, switching between BICs and quasi-BICs is usually accompanied by wavelength shift. Here, a design rule is proposed to prevent the wavelength shift when the Q-factor is changing. Also, such a design also makes subsequent identification of the laser threshold more credible. Due to the high Q-factor, low threshold laser is one of the intuitive applications of BICs. Utilize the high localized ability of BICs, low threshold BICs laser can be achieved by the dielectric metasurface immersed with Rhodamine 6G. Interestingly, due to the high Q-factor resonance of BICs, the laser signals and images can be observed in almost transparent samples. Not only the BICs laser is demonstrated in the experiment, but also the mechanism of BICs is deeply analyzed. This study can help readers better understand this novel feature of BICs, and provide the way for engineer BICs metasurfaces. The device can provide various applications, including laser, optical sensing, non-linear optics enhancement, and single-photon source. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon nitride

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OUT-OF-PRODUCTION MICRO-ELECTRONICS - AN ACHILLES HEEL OF DEFENSE systemS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第5期100卷 69-72页

作者： MACKENZIE, CM WOOTTEN, R HOY, K NEELY, J KOSCO, D SMITH, W C. Malcolm Mackenzie:is the Materials and Parts Availability Control program manager at U.S. Army Laboratory Command Adelphi Md. Mr. Mackenzie has a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Northwestern University an M.S. degree in the same field from the University of Michigan and an M.B.A. from East Texas State University. Richard Wootten:is project officer of the U.S. Army Material Command's Materials and Parts Availability Control Information Data System Project Adelphi Md. Mr. Wootten holds an associate's degree in mechanical engineering from Northern Virginia Community College and a Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering from The University of Alabama. Kevin Hoy:is manager of the Microelectronics Obsolescence Management Program at the Naval Avionics Center Indianapolis. Mr. Hoy holds both bachelor and master of science degrees in mathematics from Purdue University. James Neely:is leader of the Materials Management Team Industrial Materials Division in the Directorate of Manufacturing Air Force Systems Command Dayton Ohio. Mr. Neely holds a bachelor's degree in political science from The University of Georgia and a master of science degree in public administration from The University of Missouri. Don Kosco:is an electronics engineer currently involved with introducing new technologies into weapons systems. He is in the Directorate of Reliability Maintainability and Technology Policy HQ Air Force Logistics Command Dayton Ohio. Mr. Kosco holds a bachelor of engineering degree from Widener University a master's in systems engineering from The Air Force Institute of Technology and an MBA from the University of Texas at San Antonio. William Smith:is head of the Plans Branch in the Office of Policy and Plans Defense Electronics Supply Center (DESC) Dayton Ohio. He was for many years manager ofDESC's Diminishing Manufacturing Sources (DMS) Program. Mr. Smith holds a bachelor of arts degree in political science from Indiana University.

Both the timely manufacture of defense systems and their subsequent on-line operability depend upon the availability of component parts. The growing problem of microelectronic component nonavailability is casting a shadow over logistics support to these systems. This paper will discuss the causes of the problem and provide some examples of cases confronted by the DoD logistics community. It will also identify some actions which have been taken in the past to manage the issue as well as initiatives now underway. Finally it will look at what lies ahead.

关键词： Microelectronics

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SHIP SERVICE ELECTRICAL systemS - DESIGNING FOR SURVIVABILITY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 32-36页

作者： CERMINARA, J KOTACKA, RO John Cerminara:is a principal engineer with Westinghouse Machinery Technology Division Electrical Systems Department. He holds a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. He is a registered professional engineer and a member of IEEE ASNE and the Ship Steering Group of the Combat Survivability Division of ADPA. Mr. Cerminara has had over 30 years of multidiscipline experience ranging from engineering and construction in heavy industry to standards and publications. Past assignments include DOE/ NASA wind turbine project manager for Westinghouse and task leader of MTD electrical systems. Most recent assignments have included hull mechanical and electrical (HM&E) distributive system survivability analyses of the LSD-41 mobility mission area and application and validation of NavSea computer-aided design of Survivable Distributive System (CADSDiS) Program. Rolf O. Kotacka:is presently a ship systems engineer in the Ship Systems Engineering Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command Engineering Directorate where his primary responsibility is ship system survivability. He is a 1977 graduate of SUNY Maritime College where he received his bachelor of engineering degree in marine electrical engineering as well as a U.S. Coast Guard Third Assistant Engineer License and a commission in the U. S. Naval Reserve. Upon graduation Mr. Kotacka was employed by Charleston Naval Shipyard as a field engineer until 1981 where he gained his background in surface ship HM&E systems and equipment. He then transferred to the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair Groton where he served as a senior electrical engineer monitoring the design and construction of Trident and 688 class submarines and received the Meritorious Unit Citation. Prior to his present position Mr. Kotacka was the life cycle manager for diesel generator sets in the Naval Sea Systems Command's Generators Branch. He has coauthored several papers dealing with power generation for ASE and SNAME. Mr. Kotacka is also a lieutena

This paper highlights the survivability concerns in the design of ship service power systems. The paper gives a brief description of what constitutes a typical ship service electric power system and concentrates on electric power generation and associated controls. Established survivability design principles and guidelines are highlighted and the application of those guidelines are discussed. General Specifications (Gen Specs) for Ships of the U.S. Navy are cited as the cornerstone for design. Specific design criteria are cited as well as the rationale associated with the survivability design guidelines pertaining to power generation and distribution. The application of these survivability design guidelines plus the use of the deactivation diagram/damage tolerance analysis cited in the Gen Spec section 072e will enhance overall design and help ensure survivable electric power systems for surface combatants.

关键词： Warships

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COMBAT system INDUSTRIAL-TESTING - MEASUREMENT OF SUCCESS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第5期98卷 47-57页

作者： TRESSLER, DL HART, JB Dennis L. Tresseler is currently combat system test team leader for the combat systems test and evaluation branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command (SEA 61 × 11). Mr. Tresseler graduated in 1972 with a degree in mechanical engineering technology. He began his career at Newport News Shipbuilding in 1972 where he was a test director responsible for weapon system installation alignment and testing in CGN-36 thru 40 and CVN-68 and 69. In 1977 he came to the Washington area and worked for various contractors in technical and managerial positions before coming to NA VSEA in 1981. He is a member of the Naval Institute and his paper on “FF-1041 Class Modernization” has been accepted for publication in the Proceedings. J.B. Hart is currently the senior program manager combat systems for VSE Corporation headquartered in Alexandria Virginia. He is the program manager for VSE's master ordnance repair (MOR) team. His previous position was with COMPTEK Research Inc. Virginia Beach as senior combat systems engineer. Mr. Hart earned his BS degree from the University of New York in general engineering. He retired as chief ordnance control warrant officer after 22 years of service in 1982. While on active duty he served in various combat systems capacities since 1968 the most noteworthy of which were as ship's combat systems test officer/fire control officer on USS Belknap (CG-26) bringing her back into commission through major reconstruction and as combat system chief onboard USS Albany (CG-10) assisting in test and delivery of the first NTDS model 4.0 software program as well as numerous control systems updates both software and hardware.

This is an overview of the combat system test and certification (CST&C) program as a subset of the total ship test program (TSTP) for active fleet surface ships. The paper will discuss how the T&C program measures not only the suitability of repairs and modifications done during a ship's combat system industrial availability in a public or private yard period, but also the impact that successful program conduct has on the materiel effectiveness throughout a ship's operational cycle. The CST&C management organization and responsibilities, including NAVSEA's master ordnance repair program as well as combat system code 190's relationship to the CST&C program and the impact of pre- and post-industrial testing requirements on the actual conduct of industrial testing will be addressed.

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