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Size selection of an inline tube bank heat exchanger with an electric field for air cooling of an air-conditioner condenser

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3236卷

作者： Ekuong Tang Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat Attakorn Asanakham Energy Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School Chiang Mai University 239 Huay Kaew Road Muang District Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Thermal System Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University 239 Huay Kaew Road Muang District Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand

Air precooling before entering the condenser of an air-conditioner increases the cooling performance of the unit. A better heat transfer coefficient could lower the temperature of air leaving a heat exchanger, resulting in a higher COP for a refrigeration cycle. In this study, an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) technique for heat transfer enhancement of air flowing in a square inline tube bank under laminar forced convection was investigated. The tube bank had 10 rows with 155 mm diameter tubes with air flowing normal to the tubes. The pitch ratios of the center-to-center spacing between tubes and tube diameter ST/D=SL/D were set at 2, 3 and 4. High DC voltage pulses, between 7-17 kV, were supplied to a set of wires installed at the center of the square tubes and tube bank served as electrodes with positive and negative polarities, respectively. The tube bank surface temperature was set at 30 °C, while the inlet air temperature was varied between 40-50°C. It was found that smaller pitch ratios yielded lower outlet air temperatures. Additionally, with an electric field, a better heat transfer coefficient was obtained. Then, the outlet air temperature could be further reduced. At an inlet air temperature of 40 °C, with a tube bank having ST/D=SL/D=3.0 and an entering air velocity of 0.2 m/s, when the outlet air temperature was not set to a value greater than 32 °C, the number of tube columns was only 2 for a 16.5 kV supplied voltage compared with 10 for the tube bank with no electric field. This means that 80% of the total area could be reduced using an appropriate EHD voltage.

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Gas Dispersion Analysis on the Open Deck Fuel Storage Configuration of the LNG-Fueled Ship 1

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6th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials, ICE-SEAM 2019

作者： Nubli, Haris Prabowo, Aditya Rio Sohn, Jung Min Interdisciplinary Program of Marine Convergence Design Pukyong National University Busan48513 Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta57126 Indonesia Department of Naval Architecture and Marine System Engineering Pukyong National University Busan48513 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (数字)9789811544811

ISBN: (纸本)9789811544804

The LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) fueled ship is one of the solution to solve the emission of SOx and NOx in conventional maritime fuel. Despite the advantages, the LNG fuel is more dangerous due to their low flash point. The leakage of gas fuel is one of the threat of LNG-fueled vessel, due to its explosive characteristic. This study aims to establish the exclusion zone due to LNG dispersion. The analysis contained the potential leakage and gas dispersion along to the exposed area. A verified Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis based on the time accuracy assumption using KFX software was performed to simulate the dynamic behavior of the vapor dispersion. The scenarios were categorized by the leak size, leak location, and mass flow rate. The required environment parameters, e.g., wind speed and wind directions were also considered. It is found that the behavior of dispersed vapor was strongly depending on the leak location and mass flow rate. Surprisingly, the environment parameter has slightly affected the distance of the vapor dispersion. According to these findings, to deliver risk mitigation in a gas leakage accident, the exclusion zone was provided. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics Exclusion zone Gas dispersion analysis LNG-fueled ship

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Continuous Prediction of Leg Kinematics during Walking using Inertial Sensors, Smart Glasses, and Embedded Computing

Continuous Prediction of Leg Kinematics during Walking using...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Oleksii Tsepa Roman Burakov Brokoslaw Laschowski Alex Mihailidis Department of Computer Science AGE-WELL Networks of Centres of Excellence program University of Toronto and the Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence Department of Mathematical Methods of System Analysis Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute Kyiv Ukraine Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Mathematics National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy Kyiv Ukraine Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada

Unlike traditional hierarchical controllers for robotic leg prostheses and exoskeletons, continuous systems could allow persons with mobility impairments to walk more naturally in real-world environments without requiring high-level switching between locomotion modes. To support these next-generation controllers, we developed a new system called KIFNet (Kinematics and Image Fusing Network) that uses lightweight and efficient deep learning models to continuously predict the leg kinematics during walking. We tested different sensor fusion methods to combine kinematics data from inertial sensors and computer vision data from smart glasses and found that adaptive instance normalization achieved the lowest RMSE predictions for knee and ankle joint kinematics. We also deployed our model on an embedded device. Without inference optimization, our model was 20 times faster than the previous state-of-the-art and achieved 20% higher prediction accuracies, and during some locomotor activities like stair descent, decreased RMSE up to 300%. With inference optimization, our best model achieved 125 FPS on an NVIDIA Jetson Nano. These results demonstrate the potential to build fast and accurate deep learning models for continuous prediction of leg kinematics during walking based on sensor fusion and embedded computing, therein providing a foundation for real-time continuous controllers for robotic leg prostheses and exoskeletons.

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Impact of microplastics on terrestrial ecosystems: A plant-centric perspective

Environmental Pollution and Management

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Environmental Pollution and Management 2024年 1卷 223-234页

作者： Md Mehedee Hasan Most Nishat Tarannum Gazi A.K.M. Rafiqul Bari Ashikur Rahman Swapon Md Shahjahan Kabir Shakil Ahmmed Md. Daraj Uddin Prodhan Department of Agricultural Chemistry Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 South Korea Department of Fisheries Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering Gachon University 1342 Seongnam-daero Sujeong-gu Seongnam-si 13120 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System Chonnam National University Republic of Korea Department of Food Processing and Preservation Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202 Bangladesh Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh

Microplastics (MPs), defined as plastic particles smaller than five millimeters, are pervasive environmental pollutants affecting ecosystems from aquatic habitats to terrestrial soils. While extensive research has been conducted on MPs contamination in marine environments, the impacts of MPs in agricultural soils, particularly on plant health, remain underexplored. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of MPs contamination sources, pathways, and effects on soil properties and plant systems, focusing on MPs unique mechanisms of translocation within plants. By examining the role of MPs in disrupting soil structure, microbial communities, and plant growth, this paper identifies critical knowledge gaps and highlights the ecological risks of MPs presence in agricultural settings. Unlike prior reviews, this work provides a plant-centric perspective, addressing MPs uptake, translocation, and accumulation within plant tissues, and proposes novel mitigation strategies such as biodegradable alternatives and advancements in waste management. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of MPs interactions with heavy metals and other pollutants in soil, which may amplify toxicity in plant systems and impact overall soil fertility. This review aims to inform future research directions and policy-making efforts to mitigate the adverse effects of MPs in terrestrial ecosystems, with significant implications for agricultural productivity, soil health, and long-term food security.

关键词： Microplastics Soil contamination Plant health Agricultural productivity Environmental pollution

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The Integration of True Lean and Industry 4.0 to Sustain a Culture of Continuous Improvement 16th

The Integration of True Lean and Industry 4.0 to Sustain a C...

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16th IFIP WG 5.1 International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management, PLM 2019

作者： Maginnis, M. Abbot Hapuwatte, Buddhika M. Keown, David Lean System Program Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington KY United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington KY United States Plano TX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783030422493

Recent advances in information and communication technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) are driving the development of Industry 4.0. Its objective is to enable real-time information exchange between people, machines, products and resources, providing new opportunities for improved safety, quality, productivity and cost factors which can be applied in all stages of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). The application of lean principles and practices where Industry 4.0 is deployed can leverage real-time processing visibility into even greater productivity improvements if implemented correctly. To do this, companies need to go beyond the implementation of the familiar lean tools and practices such as 5S, visual management and management directed kaizen activities etc. to consider the thinking behind the tools, especially the role of the team members. An over-reliance on technology risks undervaluing the importance of human innovative capacity which can significantly impact the ability to conduct systematic problem solving, adversely effecting daily operational performance and significantly reducing continuous improvement (CI) capacity. This conceptual paper introduces the major elements and thinking of the Toyota Production system (TPS), also referred to as ‘True Lean’, which are often hidden or underdeveloped within the popular understanding of lean. This paper illustrates how TPS-thinking can be operationalized to support and sustain a CI environment while leveraging the improved visibility possible with Industry 4.0 to integrate all stages of PLM. © 2019, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.

关键词： Industry 4.0

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Experimental determination and modelling of a PV module with evaporative cooling for hybrid power generation and distilled water production

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3236卷

作者： Titiasak Chea Thoranis Deethayat Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat Attakorn Asanakham Energy Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School Chiang Mai University 239 Huay Kaew Road Muang District Chiang Mai Thailand 50200 Thermal System Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University 239 Huay Kaew Road Muang District Chiang Mai Thailand 50200

This research developed a model from experimental data for predicting electrical performance and rate of distilled water production using a photovoltaic (PV) module with evaporative cooling. The model required information of solar radiation incident upon the module, the ambient temperature, the module’s surface area, the mass flow rate and temperature of water entering the cooling pad as well as the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT). Experiments were performed with a module having an area of 1.94 m2, attached with 5-mm thick cellulose-polypropylene at the rear surface. Moreover, water feed into the pad was controlled at a temperature of 26-28 ℃ and a fixed flow rate of 0.25 L/min to assure that the pad was fully wetted. The solar heat absorbed by the module could be used to generate water vapor from the pad, which was then condensed on a frame underneath. The experimental data showed that the NOCT was reduced to 43 ℃ from 48 ℃ for an unmodified unit. With evaporation and condensation of water vapor, the PV module could generate more electrical energy, and the unit could also produce distilled water at a mass rate that depended linearly on the difference between the PV module and ambient temperatures. The simulation indicated a strong correlation with the actual test results on both clear sky and cloudy days. Additionally, monthly and yearly performances were simulated in three cities, Chiang Mai with its tropical savanna climate, Sihanouk Ville with a tropical climate, and Ouargla with a tropical desert climate. In relation to solar radiation levels, the highest net annual electrical energy was observed in Ouargla, followed by Sihanouk Ville and Chiang Mai, 806.12, 691.59 and 676.20 kWh, respectively. Annual yields of distilled water were 523.44, 460.48, and 372.52 L/y for Sihanouk Ville, Chiang Mai and Ouargla, respectively.

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Effects of sodium alginate-poly(acrylic acid) cross-linked hydrogel beads on soil conditioner in the absence and presence of phosphate and carbonate ions

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Hidayat, Endar Sarbani, Nur Maisarah Mohamad Lahiri, Sudip Kumar Samitsu, Sadaki Yonemura, Seiichiro Mitoma, Yoshiharu Harada, Hiroyuki Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research Program in Biological System Sciences Prefectural University of Hiroshima Shobara 727-0023 Japan Department of Life System Science Faculty of Bioresources Science Prefectural University of Hiroshima Shobara 727-0023 Japan Data-driven Polymer Design Group Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials National Institute for Materials Science 1−2−1 Sengen Tsukuba 305-0047 Japan Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto M5S 3G8 ON Canada Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute Chettinad Academy of Research and Education Tamil Nadu Kelambakkam 603103 India

Hydrogel beads, composed of polymers, possess the ability to absorb substantial quantities of water simultaneously and gradually release it in dry conditions. In this work, hydrogel beads were synthesized using sodium alginate (S-Alg) and poly (acrylic acid) (P-Acc), either in the absence or presence of phosphate (PO₄ ³⁻) (S-Alg/P-Acc@PO₄ ³⁻) and carbonate (CO₃ ²⁻) anionic ions (S-Alg/P-Acc@CO₃ ²⁻). Subsequently, these beads were crosslinked with Ca²⁺ ions. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated that the presence of anionic ions has an impact on the structure of the hydrogel beads and enhances porosity expansion while concurrently reducing the concentration of carboxyl (COOH) groups. The hydrogel beads exhibited a great swelling behavior, with S-Alg/P-Acc@CO₃ ²⁻ capable of absorbing up to 73.5 % of water in acidic conditions, but decreased under neutral and basic conditions. Soil water loss (SWL) experiments confirmed the ability of hydrogel beads to retain water in the soil. Additionally, observations of soil characteristics after a 14-day treatment revealed no significant difference in pH and C/N ratio (P-value <0.05). However, soil's available Fe and N–NO₃ ^- significantly reduced (P-value <0.05) while substantially promoting soil N–NH₄ ⁺, available phosphorus (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and exchangeable cation (Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺). The presence of hydroxyl (-OH) and –COOH groups was found to be crucial for enhancing soil properties. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Anionic ions Hydrogel beads Poly (acrylic acid) Sodium alginate Soil characteristics Soil water retention Swelling

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Evaluating the impacts of environmental and human health of the critical minerals mining and processing industries in Indonesia using life cycle assessment

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 10卷

作者： Wahyono, Yoyon Sasongko, Nugroho Adi Trench, Allan Anda, Martin Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto Aisyah, Nyayu Anisah, Anisah Ariyanto, Novy Kumalasari, Isnaeni Putri, Virny Zasyana Eka Lestari, Mutia Citrawati Panggabean, Lambas Parlaungan Ridlo, Rohmadi Sundari, Sundari Suryaningtyas, Anissa Dewi Novianti, Endah Dwi Hakim, Muhammad Raihan Farras Prihatin, Anggara Lomak Matin, Hashfi Hawali Abdul Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN Prof. BJ. Habibie Complex Area Banten Tangerang Selatan 15314 Indonesia Energy Security Graduate Program Republic of Indonesia Defense University IPSC Sentul Area West Java 16810 Indonesia Centre for Exploration Targeting School of Earth Sciences The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley 6009 WA Australia UWA Business School 35 Stirling Highway Crawley 6009 WA Australia Environmental Engineering Murdoch University Murdoch 6150 WA Australia Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50241 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50275 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Vocational School Gadjah Mada University Sleman Yogyakarya 55281 Indonesia Study Program of Environmental Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Sebelas Maret Central Java Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

The critical minerals industries in Indonesia may pose possible environmental and human health risks due to the release of pollutants into soil, water, and air, as well as the use of materials and energy. This study investigates the possible environmental and human health impacts of Indonesia's nickel, gold, copper, tin, and bauxite mining and processing industries. This study utilizes the latest version of the OpenLCA software, version 2.0, in combination with the Ecoinvent 3.8 database. To evaluate potential environmental consequences and health effects on humans, CML-IA Baseline and Environmental Priority Strategies (EPS) are employed in product development. The EPS system was developed utilizing a hierarchical methodology with the objective of furnishing the product developer with data regarding the financial impact of human health impairment resulting from a particular product development. The production of one tonne of gold, nickel, bauxite, tin, and copper results in the emission of 7.34.E+07, 4.61.E+04, 3.10.E+04, 1.02.E+04, 8.01.E+03 kg CO₂ eq/t, respectively, contributing to global warming. This production is associated with asthma cases of 7.79.E+01 (gold industry), 2.21.E−03 (copper industry), 1.81.E−03 (tin industry), 9.21.E−04 (nickel industry), and 4.71.E−06 (bauxite industry) Personyears/t. Electricity consumption and the release of carbon dioxide are the main factors contributing to global warming. The primary cause of asthma cases is the utilization of fuel oil and electricity. Power plant chimneys can employ various technologies, such as cyclones, bag filters, and scrubbers, to mitigate the release of polluting gas emissions. The critical mineral industry must prioritize handling and governing of steam power facilities to minimize their negative effects on the environment and human health. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Critical minerals industries Environmental impacts Human health impacts Life cycle assessment

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Quality index design for online monitoring injection molding process 77

Quality index design for online monitoring injection molding...

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77th Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, ANTEC 2019

作者： Chen, Jian-Yu Huang, Ming-Shyan Nian, Shih-Chih Tseng, Chien-Chou Bachelor Program of Precision System Design Feng Chia University Taiwan Dept. of Mechanical and Automation Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Taiwan Dept. of Power Mechanical Engineering National Taitung College Taiwan

Quality control is a crucial issue in the injection molding process with target of obtaining a high yield rate and reducing production cost. However, conventional injection molding acts like a black-box in which the flowing behavior of polymer melt within cavities is unseen, and the tuning of process parameters is heavily relied on operators' experience, design of experimental methods, or even trial- and-error. Such approaches are not only time-consuming but also lack of assuring consistent injection molding qualities and quality control is then required. Nowadays with the advance of sensing technology, many sensors are available to detect the flowing behavior of polymer melt within mold cavities. Particularly the pressure, velocity, and temperature that affect the flowing ability of polymer melt can be detected in time. In other words, injection molding now has been transformed into a grey-box and a scientific viewpoint to tune process parameters can be realized. In this research, a quality index extracted from pressure profile is aimed for online quality monitoring. In addition, the clamping force increment quality index extracted from the tie-bar elongation which is detected by strain gauges attached on tie bars, free of invading injection mold structure, is paid much attention. To verify the feasibility of the designed quality index using to prediction the injection molded quality, varying barrel temperature, back pressure and rotational speed of plasticizing screw those can affect the plasticizing quality of raw materials are conducted in this investigation. Experimental results reveals that the clamping force increment as well as pressure peak index extracted from injection system pressure, nozzle pressure, end-of-filling cavity pressure profiles during injection molding are highly correlated with injection-molded qualities and thereby are feasible to be a good quality indicator. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polymer melts

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Tie-bar elongation based prediction of injection molding quality 77

Tie-bar elongation based prediction of injection molding qua...

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77th Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, ANTEC 2019

作者： Huang, Ming-Shyan Nian, Shih-Chih Chen, Jian-Yu Dept. of Mechanical and Automation Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Taiwan Dept. of Power Mechanical Engineering National Taitung College Taiwan Bachelor Program in Precision System Design Feng Chia University Taiwan

Filling-to-packing switchover (also called as V/P switchover) is critical for assuring injection molding quality. An improper filling-to-packing switchover setting may result in various defects of injection-molded parts, such as excessive residual stress, flash, short shot, and warpage, etc. To enhance consistent molding quality, recent V/P switchover approach applies cavity pressure profiles requiring sensors embedded in mold cavities, which is invasive to mold cavities and even expensive. Instead of using cavity pressure sensors, this study thereby proposes a novel approach of identifying ideal V/P switchover timing using a tie-bar elongation profile. In this investigation, a dumbbell testing specimen mold is applied to experimentally verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results showthat the mold filling and packing stages can be observed along the tie-bar elongation profile detected by mounting strain gauges on tie bars. Moreover, the varying process parameter settings including injection speed, filling-to-packing switchover point, and holding pressure, can be reflected in these profiles. By extracting their characteristics, the decision of filling-to-packing switchover is proved to be realistic. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Filling

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