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Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2025

作者： Ogawa, Ryuhei Sato, Naoto Saito, Atsushi Singh, Mithun Kuniyil Ajith Kawamoto, Hiroaki Sankai, Yoshiyuki Master’s Program in Intelligent and Mechanical Interaction Systems University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Research & Development Division Cyberdyne Inc. Tsukuba Japan Research & Business Development Division Cyberdyne Inc. Rotterdam Netherlands Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510683860

LED-based photoacoustic imaging (PAI) with linear array ultrasound probes has gained attention due to its cost-effectiveness, safety, and potential for portable applications. However, its low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and limited visibility of blood vessel lumens remain challenges. To address these issues, we propose an innovative deconvolution approach that leverages the differential of the LED light pulse to enhance photoacoustic image quality. Our optimized reconstruction algorithm improves blood vessel visualization by applying deconvolution of the PA signals with the differential of the LED pulse, leading to improved lumen visibility and enhanced imaging of peripheral blood vessels in both 2D and potentially 3D. Our method precisely measures the LED pulse profile using the LED arrays integrated into our AcousticX system. The second differential of this pulse is then utilized as the point spread function (PSF) in the deconvolution process. This technique effectively enhances PA signals by emphasizing the leading and trailing edges of the pulse, thereby improving blood vessel visibility and overall image quality. To validate our approach, we conducted experiments using tissue-mimicking phantoms and human volunteers with the AcousticX system. The algorithm was tested offline in MATLAB and in real-time on the AcousticX platform. Results demonstrate substantial artifact suppression, improved SNR, and enhanced image contrast, ultimately enabling clearer visualization of the blood vessels. This advancement improves the competitiveness of LED-based PAI systems compared to laser-based alternatives and broadens their potential for clinical applications, accelerating their translation into medical practice. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging

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Following marginal stability manifolds in quasilinear dynamical reductions of multiscale flows in two space dimensions

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Physical Review E 2025年第2期111卷 025105-025105页

作者： Alessia Ferraro Gregory P. Chini T. M. Schneider Emergent Complexity in Physical Systems Laboratory (ECPS) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Nordita Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University Stockholm 106 91 Sweden Department of Mechanical Engineering and Program in Integrated Applied Mathematics University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA

We derive a two-dimensional (2D) extension of a recently developed formalism for slow-fast quasilinear (QL) systems subject to fast instabilities. The emergent dynamics of these systems is characterized by a slow evolution of (suitably defined) mean fields coupled to marginally stable, fast fluctuation fields. By exploiting this scale separation, an efficient hybrid fast-eigenvalue/slow-initial-value solution algorithm can be developed in which the amplitude of the fast fluctuations is slaved to the slowly evolving mean fields to ensure marginal stability—and temporal scale separation—is maintained. For 2D systems, the fluctuation eigenfunctions are labeled by their Fourier wave numbers characterizing spatial variability in that extended spatial direction, and the marginal mode(s) must coincide with the fastest-growing mode(s) over all admissible Fourier wave numbers. Here we derive an ordinary differential equation governing the slow evolution of the wave number of the fastest-growing fluctuation mode that simultaneously must be slaved to the mean dynamics to ensure the mode has zero growth rate. We illustrate the procedure in the context of a 2D model partial differential equation that shares certain attributes with the equations governing strongly stratified shear flows and other strongly constrained forms of geophysical turbulence in extreme parameter regimes. The slaved evolution follows one or more marginal stability manifolds, which constitute select state-space structures that are not invariant under the full flow dynamics yet capture quasicoherent structures in physical space in a manner analogous to invariant solutions identified in, e.g., transitionally turbulent shear flows. Accordingly, we propose that marginal stability manifolds are central organizing structures in a dynamical systems description of certain classes of multiscale flows in which scale separation justifies a QL approximation of the dynamics.

关键词： Shear flow

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Extremum Seeking Boundary Control for Euler-Bernoulli Beam PDEs

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Biazetto, Paulo H.F. de Andrade, Gustavo A. Oliveira, Tiago Roux Krstic, Miroslav Post-graduate Program in Automation and Systems Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis88040-370 Brazil Department of Automation and Systems Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis88040-370 Brazil Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro20550-900 Brazil Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San DiegoCA92093-0411 United States

This paper presents the design and analysis of an extremum seeking (ES) controller for scalar static maps in the context of infinite-dimensional dynamics governed by the 1D Euler-Bernoulli (EB) beam Partial Differential Equation (PDE). The beam is actuated at one end (using position and moment actuators). The map’s input is the displacement at the beam’s uncontrolled end, which is subject to a sliding boundary condition. Notably, ES for this class of PDEs remains unexplored in the existing literature. To compensate for PDE actuation dynamics, we employ a boundary control law via a backstepping transformation and averaging-based estimates for the gradient and Hessian of the static map to be optimized. This compensation controller leverages a Schrödinger equation representation of the EB beam and adapts existing backstepping designs to stabilize the beam. Using the semigroup and averaging theory in infinite dimensions, we prove local exponential convergence to a small neighborhood of the unknown optimal point. Finally, simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the design in optimizing the unknown static map. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Schrodinger equation

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Correction: Materials laboratories of the future for alloys, amorphous, and composite materials (MRS Bulletin, (2025), 50, 2, (190-207), 10.1557/s43577-024-00846-y)

引用

MRS Bulletin 2025年 1-2页

作者： Banerjee, Sarbajit Meng, Y. Shirley Minor, Andrew M. Zhang, Minghao Zaluzec, Nestor J. Chan, Maria K.Y. Seidler, Gerald McComb, David W. Agar, Joshua Mukherjee, Partha P. Melot, Brent Chapman, Karena Guiton, Beth S. Klie, Robert F. McCue, Ian D. Voyles, Paul M. Robertson, Ian Li, Ling Chi, Miaofang Destino, Joel F. Devaraj, Arun Marquis, Emmanuelle A. Segre, Carlo U. Liu, Huinan H. Yang, Judith C. Momeni, Kasra Misra, Amit Abdolrahim, Niaz Medvedeva, Julia E. Cai, Wenjun Sehirlioglu, Alp Dizbay-Onat, Melike Mehta, Apurva Graham-Brady, Lori Maruyama, Benji Rajan, Krishna Warner, Jamie H. Taheri, Mitra L. Kalinin, Sergei V. Reeja-Jayan, B. Schwarz, Udo D. Simon, Sindee L. Brown, Craig M. Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science & Engineering Texas A & M University College Station United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley United States National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley United States Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Lemont United States Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel University Philadelphia United States School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette United States Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles United States Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University The State University of New York Stony Brook United States Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington United States Department of Physics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Bangladesh Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham United States Department of Chemistry Creighton University Omaha United States Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan–Ann Arbor Ann Arbor United States Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago United States Department of Bioengineering and the Mater

This article was updated to correct Minghao Zhang’s affiliation from "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA" to "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA;Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, USA." Argonne National Laboratory was left off the original publication. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Heterogeneity of the Dominant Causes of Performance Loss in End-of-Life Cathodes and Their Consequences for Direct Recycling

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Advanced Energy Materials 2025年第0期

作者： Popeil, Melissa Usseglio-Viretta, Francois L.E. Pu, Xiaofei Gasper, Paul Dutta, Nikita Wang, Evelyna Allen, Eva Mangum, John S. Sunderlin, Nathaniel Fink, Kae Allen, Jeffery M. Weddle, Peter J. DeCaluwe, Steven C. Finegan, Donal P. Mines/NREL Advanced Energy Systems Graduate Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO80401 United States Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States

Recycling Li-ion batteries from electric vehicles is critical for reducing costs and supporting the development of a domestic battery supply chain. Direct recycling of cathodes, like LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC), is attractive due to its low cost, energy use, and emissions compared to traditional recycling techniques. However, a comprehensive understanding of the active material properties at end-of-life is needed to guide direct recycling processes and the performance-dependent reuse applications. Here, NMC material from an end-of-life commercial pouch cell is characterized and bench-marked against pristine non-cycled counterparts with respect to capacity, impedance, crystallography, morphology, and microstructure to identify major degradation modes and understand variability in the end-of-life material. The spatial heterogeneity of each property throughout the cell is also quantified. While the degraded material demonstrated similar capacity as the pristine, its impedance and rate capability are severely diminished. Furthermore, samples from the periphery of the electrode layers showed more severe performance loss compared to samples extracted from central regions. The dominant culprit of performance loss is the material microstructure, where the magnitude of particle cracking showed the strongest correlation to the impedance components that are most unfavorably impacted. This work suggests severe cracks in cathode active materials are the primary challenge that direct recycling methods must overcome. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Energy Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： battery NMC recycling

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Methodology for optimizing electrical grounding grids in stratified soils using advanced calculation techniques and evolutionary algorithms

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Swarm and Evolutionary Computation 2025年 95卷

作者： Silva, Carlos Leandro Borges da Pires, Thyago Gumeratto Silva Filho, Antonio Marcelino Bulhões, Junio Santos Belo, Orlando M. Oliveira Rodrigues, Clóves Gonçalves Coimbra, Antonio Paulo Calixto, Wesley Pacheco Electrical Mechanical & Computer Engineering School Federal University of Goias Goiania Goias PC 74.605-220 Brazil Institute of Systems and Robotics Coimbra University CoimbraPC 3030-290 Portugal Department of Informatics School of Engineering University of Minho BragaPC 4710-057 Portugal Electrical Power Systems Study Group Federal Institute of Tocantins Palmas TocantinsPC 77.021-090 Brazil Graduate Program in Production and Systems Engineering Pontifical Catholic University of Goias Goiania Goias PC 74605-010 Brazil Mato Grosso Brazil Technology Research and Development Center Federal Institute of Goias Goiania Goias PC 74.055-110 Brazil

This paper presents a practical methodology for optimizing the geometry of electrical grounding grids at industrial frequencies of 50Hz and 60Hz, integrating advanced calculation techniques and evolutionary algorithms to improve the safety and operational performance of electrical grounding systems. The proposed approach is particularly beneficial for industrial automation and control systems, where effective grounding is necessary to maintain system reliability and prevent downtime. This methodology employs mathematical modeling and computational tools to optimize grid parameters, ensuring compliance with safety standards while reducing operational costs, thus contributing to the overall efficiency of automated systems in industrial environments. The study reports a reduction of up to 66% in the number of vertical rods and 40% in horizontal conductors compared to traditional methods. These results indicate that the proposed methodology can significantly reduce material usage and costs while maintaining electrical safety in accordance with regulatory standards, making it applicable to a wide range of industrial settings, including substations and automated facilities. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Electric grounding

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Chemical mechanical polishing as an alternative surface treatment technique for corrosion prevention of carbon steel in an acidic medium

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Ahmed, Mohamed Ali Al-Timimi, Buthainah Al-Ali, Maha Abdullah, Ghassan H. Khalaf Atiyaha, Safa Yaseen Ali Aljanabi, Ahmed Mel, Maizirwan Mechanical Engineering Department College of Engineering Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq Chemical Engineering Department University of Technology-Iraq Baghdad Iraq Chemical Engineering and Sustainability Department Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University of Malasiya (IIUM) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Oil and Gas Refining Engineering Department College of Petroleum Process Engineering Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq Petroleum Systems Control Engineering Department College of Petroleum Processes Engineering Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq Modeling and Design Program Atilim University Ankara Turkey

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been a standard technique in semiconductor manufacturing for achieving smooth surfaces. CMP utilizes a synergistic interplay of chemical and mechanical interactions to achieve the desired removal rates, selectivity, and ultimately planarity with different substrate materials. In this study, the impact of CMP on the surface properties of steel used in the petroleum industry was examined, with a focus on its corrosion behavior posttreatment. Steel samples were subjected to CMP with and without an oxidizer in a silica-based slurry, and their surface characteristics were compared to those of samples polished mechanically. The addition of an oxidizer to the slurry resulted in increased material removal rates and the formation of an oxide layer on the surface;this phenomenon was not observed in CMP without an oxidizer. However, in mechanical polishing, the action of silicon carbide grains on the steel surface led to an increase in the removal rate but caused a decrease in its corrosion resistance. Compared with other treatments, the oxide layer provided a good protective barrier against corrosion and improved the corrosion resistance of the steel substrate. Based on the results from the practical study, an improvement in the corrosion resistance properties was observed due to the chemical reaction of the oxidizer and the mechanical action of the silica nanoparticles;these results showed the importance of chemical mechanical polishing as an alternative method to reduce the corrosion of steel in acidic environments. Additionally, the effect of hydrogen peroxide in a silica slurry with respect to the wettability, surface roughness, and hardness of steel was examined using contact angle measurements, profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, and microhardness tests. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Chemical mechanical polishing Contact angle Electrochemical corrosion test Hydrogen peroxide oxidizer Immersion test Material removal rate Silica-based slurry Surface roughness

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Finite element model optimization using diagonal mass matrix

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SHOCK AND VIBRATION 1997年第3期4卷 163-168页

作者： Wang, BP Chu, FH Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX 76019 USA Mechanical Systems National Space Program Office Taiwan China

By adjusting the analytic mass matrix or stiffness parameters, the correlation between measured and computed modal data can be improved. This article proposes a simple method for model optimization. Numerical examples... 详细信息

关键词： Finite element method

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Drivetrain simulation using variational autoencoders

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sharma, Pallavi Urrea-Quintero, Jorge-Humberto Bogdan, Bogdan Ciotec, Adrian-Dumitru Vasilie, Laura Wessels, Henning Skull, Matteo Porsche Engineering Etzelstraße 1 Bietigheim-Bissingen74321 Germany Graduate Program Computational Sciences in Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology Joseph-Beuys-Straße 8 Kassel34117 Germany Institute of Applied Mechanics Division Data-Driven Modeling of Mechanical Systems Technische Universität Braunschweig Pockelsstraße 3 Braunschweig38106 Germany

This work proposes variational autoencoders (VAEs) to predict a vehicle’s jerk from a given torque demand, addressing the limitations of sparse real-world datasets. Specifically, we implement unconditional and conditional VAEs to generate jerk signals that integrate features from different drivetrain scenarios. The VAEs are trained on experimental data collected from two variants of a fully electric SUV, which differ in maximum torque delivery and drivetrain configuration. New meaningful jerk signals are generated within an engineering context through the interpretation of the VAE’s latent space. A performance comparison with baseline physics-based and hybrid models confirms the effectiveness of the VAEs. We show that VAEs bypass the need for exhaustive manual system parametrization while maintaining physical plausibility by conditioning data generation on specific inputs. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Signal encoding

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FLEXIBLE AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING-SYSTEM

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JOURNAL OF mechanical WORKING TECHNOLOGY 1989年第C期20卷 433-440页

作者： MAZOUZ, AK HAN, CP Assistant Professors Manufacturing Systems Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA

This paper discusses the development of an expert system based on axis orientation of the parts in a three dimensional system. For any part fed to a machine cell, the material handling planning system presents the part to the assembly robot in the desired orientation. Group Technology classification and coding method is used for part identification, as well as for the feeding mechanism design.

关键词： Materials Handling

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