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SSRN 2022年

作者： Guo, Bing Javed, Wasim Mechanical Engineering Program Texas A&M University Qatar Energy Systems Engineering Punjab Bio-energy Institute University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

In this study, the effect of light incidence angle on soiling loss is investigated, as well as the effect of water condensation-drying cycles. The experimental results show, as predicted by a theoretical model that the light transmission loss caused by dust on solar module surface is proportional to the secant of the angle of incidence when it is less than 45˚;for larger incidence angles, the relation becomes more complex and dependent on the dust loading. In addition, water condensation-drying cycles cause dust particle aggregation on hydrophobic glass surfaces which results in a reduction of light transmission loss. On hydrophilic glass surfaces, condensation-drying cycles also cause changes in light transmission loss, but the trend is more complex. These findings are significant for understanding solar PV soiling loss and provide insight into the interpretation of soiling sensor readings. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Glass

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Variable-Speed Teaching-Playback as Real-World Data Augmentation for Imitation Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Masuya, Nozomu Sato, Hiroshi Yamane, Koki Kusume, Takuya Sakaino, Sho Tsuji, Toshiaki Master's Program in Intelligent and Mechanical Interaction Systems Degree Programs in Systems and Information and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Japan Doctoral Program in Intelligent and Mechanical Interaction Systems Degree Programs in Systems and Information and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Japan Department of Intelligent Interaction Technologies Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan

Because imitation learning relies on human demonstrations in hard-to-simulate settings, the inclusion of force control in this method has resulted in a shortage of training data, even with a simple change in speed. Although the field of data augmentation has addressed the lack of data, conventional methods of data augmentation for robot manipulation are limited to simulation-based methods or downsampling for position control. This paper proposes a novel method of data augmentation that is applicable to force control and preserves the advantages of real-world datasets. We applied teaching-playback at variable speeds as real-world data augmentation to increase both the quantity and quality of environmental reactions at variable speeds. An experiment was conducted on bilateral control-based imitation learning using a method of imitation learning equipped with position-force control. We evaluated the effect of real-world data augmentation on two tasks, pick-and-place and wiping, at variable speeds, each from two human demonstrations at fixed speed. The results showed a maximum 55% increase in success rate from a simple change in speed of real-world reactions and improved accuracy along the duration/frequency command by gathering environmental reactions at variable speeds. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Demonstrations

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SYNAPTIC SPINE HEAD MORPHODYNAMICS FROM GRAPH GRAMMAR RULES FOR ACTIN DYNAMICS

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hur, Matthew Bartol, Thomas Rangamani, Padmini Sejnowski, Terrence Mjolsness, Eric Program in Mathematical Computational and Systems Biology Univeristy of California Irvine IrvineCA United States Computational Neurobiology Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies La Jolla CA United States Departments of Pharmacology and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States Deparment of Neurobiology University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States Departments of Computer Science and Mathematics Univeristy of California Irvine IrvineCA United States

There is a morphodynamic component to synaptic learning by which changes in dendritic (postsynaptic) spine head size are associated with the strengthening or weakening of the synaptic connection between two neurons, in response to the temporal correlation of local presynaptic and postsynaptic signals. These morphological factors are in turn sculpted by the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. In this paper, we use Dynamical Graph Grammars (DGGs) implemented within a computer algebra system to model how networks of actin filaments can dynamically grow or shrink, reshaping the spine head. Dynamical Graph Grammars (DGGs) provide a well-defined way to accommodate dynamically changing system structure such as active cytoskeleton represented using dynamic graphs, within nonequilibrium statistical physics under the master equation. We show that DGGs can also incorporate biophysical forces between graph-connected objects at a finer time scale, with specialized DGG kinetic rules obeying biophysical constraints of Galilean invariance, conservation of momentum, and dissipation of conserved global energy. We use graph-local energy functions for cytoskeleton networks interacting with membranes, and derive DGG rules from the specialization of dissipative stochastic dynamics - separated into dissipative and thermal noise rule types - to a mutually exclusive and exhaustive collection of graph-local neighborhood types for the rule left hand sides. The dissipative rules comprise a stochastic version of gradient descent dynamics. The thermal noise rules use a Gaussian approximation of each position coordinate to sample jitter-like displacements. For the spine head model we designed and implemented DGG grammar mathematical sub-models including actin network growth, non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, and filament-membrane mechanical interaction to regulate the re-writing of graph objects. We simulate emergent biophysics of simplified networks of actin polymers and their interactions

关键词： Stochastic models

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Numerical Investigation of Hydrogen-Enriched Diesel Addition Effects in a Furnace Burner: Flame Temperatures and Exhaust Emissions

Numerical Investigation of Hydrogen-Enriched Diesel Addition...

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Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)

作者： Seifeldin Mohamed Abdelrahman Kamal Amr Guaily Mahmoud Shaaban Mechanical Engineering Program School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nile University Giza Egypt Smart Engineering Systems Research Center (SESC) Nile University Giza Egypt

In this work, the effects of adding hydrogen to diesel non-premixed combustion with air in a cylindrical furnace burner are investigated. A numerical model is developed to study the effects of hydrogen addition on combustion flame temperature and exhaust emissions. Different hydrogen addition ratios of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by volume in the burning mixture are considered. The turbulence-chemistry interaction is modelled through the eddy dissipation combustion model to predict the concentration of exhaust emissions and the temperature of the combustion flame. The air–fuel equivalence ratio is consistently set to 1 (stoichiometry) across all the considered cases. Results show that the hydrogen enrichment of diesel increases flame temperature and diminishes carbon emissions while enhancing the generation of NO x emissions. Hence, careful consideration should be given to NO x emission control in high temperature flame systems when hydrogen is used to enrich the fuel mixture and reduce carbon emissions.

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Influence of Magnetically-Induced Nonlinear Added Stiffness on the Lift Galloping of Square Cylinders at Low Reynolds Number

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Rashed, Mostafa R. Shaaban, Mahmoud Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Modern University for Technology and Information Cairo Egypt Mechanical Engineering Program School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nile University Cairo Egypt Smart Engineering Systems Center Nile University Cairo Egypt

A square cylinder may gallop if subjected to fluid flow experiencing a self-excited vibration mode that can harvest energy for low-power applications. The harvested power is typically low and depends on the upstream flow velocity and system dynamic parameters. In this study, the influence of nonlinear stiffness induced by two repulsive magnetic poles on the galloping response of a square rod is investigated at a mass ratio of 10 and a Reynolds number of 200. The vibration response of two identical coaxial square rods with magnetic poles attached to their opposite ends is analyzed. Two simplified configurations are selected to model the magnetic forces: a pair of identical monopoles and a pair of identical dipoles. Results show that the magnet configuration and strength significantly affect the vibration amplitude and the onset flow velocity. A weak magnetic force can enhance vibration and reduce onset flow velocity, while a stronger pair of dipoles may push the bistable system to a state of low-amplitude vibration with a mean displacement. The influence of magnets in this configuration has potential as a control technique for energy harvesting applications. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Reflecting on Impacts of COVID19 on Sustainable Buildings and Cities

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Journal of engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities 2021年第1期2卷 010201页

作者： González, Jorge E. Krarti, Moncef The City College of New York Department of Mechanical Engineering New York NY 10031 Building Systems Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309

The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease or COVID19 has disrupted all aspects of our lives in many ways since it was first detected in the early part of the year 2020; personal and professional lives were impacted including workplaces, learning environments, businesses, commerce, and industry. The global toll of impacted people has been higher than many anticipated, with more than 100 M confirmed infections as of this issue and more than 2.5 M of confirmed casualties [1]. To a large degree, buildings are at the center of the pandemic in terms of spread and its control. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) virus spreads rapidly from person to person as the main contamination source presenting major challenges for human socializations and interactions, which occur mostly in indoor environments. Thus, indoor environments are a potential opportunity to reduce infection or to increase...

关键词： Pandemics HVAC equipment Structures Air pollution Climate change Green buildings

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Exploring the limits to sustainable energy consumption for organisms and devices

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International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing 2008年第1-2期1卷 78-99页

作者： Reap, John Bras, Bert Sustainable Design and Manufacturing Program Systems Realisation Laboratory George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Atlanta GA 30332-0405 United States

Energy consumption accounts for a significant portion of a product's environmental impacts. Biological research suggests the existence of a fundamental energetic limit. After reviewing research into the influence of thermodynamic and economic principles on living systems' evolution, a biological principle explaining the existence of a mass-specific energy consumption rate limit for living systems is identified and quantified. These findings lead to a potential sustainable engineering principle and metric. Simple assessments of consumer goods and vehicles illustrate the principle's application. Discussions of this biologically inspired limit and the general value of seeking environmental design guidance from living systems close this paper. Copyright © 2008 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Long term operation of a salinity gradient solar pond in northern Cyprus-experimental investigations and CFD simulation

Long term operation of a salinity gradient solar pond in nor...

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Energy Transport Processes 2016 - Core programming Area at the 2016 AIChE Spring Meeting and 12th Global Congress on Process Safety

作者： Obaidullah, Madina Kadyrov, Sultan Gorjinezhad, Soudabeh Taylan, Onur Torkmahalleh, Mehdi Amouei Ahmadi, Goodarz Sustainable Environment and Energy Systems Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus Guzelyurt Kalkanli Mersin 10 Turkey Chemical Engineering Program Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus Guzelyurt Mersin 10 Turkey Civil Engineering Department School of Engineering Nazarbayev University 53 Kabanbay batyr ave. Astana010000 Kazakhstan Mechanical Engineering Program Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus Guzelyurt Mersin 10 Turkey Chemical Engineering Department School of Engineering Nazarbayev University 53 Kabanbay batyr ave. Astana010000 Kazakhstan Mechanical Engineering Department Clarkson University PotsdamNY13699- 5725 United States

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One year operation of a salinity gradient solar pond in Northern Cyprus-experimental investigations and CFD simulation

One year operation of a salinity gradient solar pond in Nort...

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Emerging Technologies in Clean Energy 2016 - Topical Conference at the 2016 AIChE Spring Meeting and 12th Global Congress on Process Safety

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The evolution of lithium-ion battery recycling

Nature Reviews Clean Technology

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Nature Reviews Clean Technology 2025年第1期1卷

作者： Xiaotu Ma Zifei Meng Yan Wang Marilena Velonia Bellonia Jeffrey Spangenberger Gavin Harper Eric Gratz Elsa Olivetti Renata Arsenault Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Technology and Policy Program Institute for Data Systems and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA ReCell Center Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA School of Metallurgy and Materials University of Birmingham Birmingham UK The Faraday Institution Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot UK Ascend Elements Inc. Westborough MA USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Ford Ion Park Battery Center of Excellence Romulus MI USA

Demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing owing to the expanding use of electrical vehicles and stationary energy storage. Efficient and closed-loop battery recycling strategies are therefore needed, which will require recovering materials from spent LIBs and reintegrating them into new batteries. In this Review, we outline the current state of LIB recycling, evaluating industrial and developing technologies. Among industrial technologies, pyrometallurgy can be broadly applied to diverse electrode materials but requires operating temperatures of over 1,000 °C and therefore has high energy consumption. Hydrometallurgy can be performed at temperatures below 200 °C and has material recovery rates of up to 93% for lithium, nickel and cobalt, but it produces large amounts of wastewater. Developing technologies such as direct recycling and upcycling aim to increase the efficiency of LIB recycling and rely on improved pretreatment processes with automated disassembly and cleaner mechanical separation. Additionally, the range of materials recovered from spent LIBs is expanding from the cathode materials recycled with established methods to include anode materials, electrolytes, binders, separators and current collectors. Achieving an efficient recycling ecosystem will require collaboration between recyclers, battery manufacturers and electric vehicle manufacturers to aid the design and automation of battery disassembly lines.

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