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Quantifying material stocks in long-lived products: Challenges and improvements for informing sustainable resource use strategies

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Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2025年 221卷

作者： Jan Streeck André Baumgart Helmut Haberl Fridolin Krausmann Bowen Cai Tomer Fishman Maud Lanau Peter Berrill Zhi Cao Sebastiaan Deetman David Frantz Volker Krey Alessio Mastrucci Alessio Miatto Stefan Pauliuk Lola Sylvie Annie Rousseau Shoshanna Saxe Danielle Densley Tingley Gamze Ünlü Dominik Wiedenhofer BOKU University Institute of Social Ecology Department of Economics and Social Sciences Schottenfeldgasse 29 1070 Vienna Austria Wuhan University School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan Hubei Province 430079 China Leiden University Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) 2333 CC Leiden Netherlands Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Research Area Sustainable Built Environments Gothenburg 412 96 Sweden Universität Berlin Sustainability Economics of Human Settlements Berlin 10623 Germany College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Trier University Geoinformatics -Spatial Data Science Trier Rhineland-Palatinate 54296 Germany International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Energy Climate and Environment (ECE) Program Schlossplatz 1 2361 Laxenburg Austria Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Canberra 2601 ACT Australia University of Freiburg Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Freiburg Baden-Wuerttemberg D-79102 Germany Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Industrial Ecology Programme Department of Energy and Process Engineering Trondheim 7034 Norway University of Toronto Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering Toronto Ontario M5S 1A1 Canada University of Sheffield School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering Mappin Street Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom

Material stocks in long-lived products require over half of the annual global resource extraction for their construction and maintenance, and lock in energy use through their technical and geospatial characteristics. A thorough understanding of material stocks is therefore essential to inform sustainable resource use strategies. However, despite substantial advances in material stock research in recent decades, their robust quantification remains challenging and bears considerable uncertainties. We assess the (dis)agreement of material stock estimates from 32 recent studies across global, national, and urban scales, and propose recommendations for future work. Overall, we observe medium to high divergences between studies estimating the same material stocks. For end-use categories that aggregate multiple material stocks (e.g., buildings), most global-level estimates show divergences within 140 %. At the national level, most estimates for the USA diverge by <210 %, while those for China by <550 %. At the urban level, most estimates for Beijing fall within 90 %, and for Vienna, within 70 %. For low-income countries, non-residential buildings, and individual materials, the differences are often substantially higher, highlighting the need for an improved scientific basis for policy and planning. These disparities arise from differences in system boundaries, methodology, data sources, definitions, and lack of data to capture the diversity of material stock types. To robustly inform sustainable resource use strategies, the scientific community and practitioners should systematically assess and report sensitivity and uncertainty, and reduce the latter through transparent documentation, model intercomparisons, consensus and open-access databases, enhanced data collection, and comprehensive quantification of material stocks.

关键词： Material flow analysis Sustainable resource management Uncertainty analysis Socioeconomic metabolism Material stocks

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Towards a terramechanics for bio-inspired locomotion in granular environments

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Li, Chen Ding, Yang Gravish, Nick Maladen, Ryan D. Masse, Andrew Umbanhowar, Paul B. Komsuoglu, Haldun Koditschek, Daniel E. Goldman, Daniel I. School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Program Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States

Granular media (GM) present locomotor challenges for terrestrial and extraterrestrial devices because they can flow and solidify in response to localized intrusion of wheels, limbs, and bodies. While the development of airplanes and submarines is aided by understanding of hydrodynamics, fundamental theory does not yet exist to describe the complex interactions of locomotors with GM. In this paper, we use experimental, computational, and theoretical approaches to develop a terramechanics for bio-inspired locomotion in granular environments. We use a fluidized bed to prepare GM with a desired global packing fraction, and use empirical force measurements and the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to elucidate interaction mechanics during locomotion-relevant intrusions in GM such as vertical penetration and horizontal drag. We develop a resistive force theory (RFT) to account for more complex intrusions. We use these force models to understand the locomotor performance of two bio-inspired robots moving on and within GM. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Finite difference method

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Bridging particle deformability and collective response in soft solids

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Treado, John D. Wang, Dong Boromand, Arman Murrell, Michael P. Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Systems Biology Institute Yale University West HavenCT06516 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Soft, amorphous solids such as tissues, foams, and emulsions are composed of deformable particles. However, the effect of single-particle deformability on the collective behavior of soft solids is still poorly understood. We perform numerical simulations of two-dimensional jammed packings of explicitly deformable particles to study the mechanical response of model soft solids. We find that jammed packings of deformable particles with excess shape degrees of freedom possess low-frequency quartic vibrational modes that stabilize the packings even though they possess fewer interparticle contacts than the nominal isostatic value. Adding intra-particle constraints can rigidify the particles, but these particles undergo a buckling transition and gain an effective shape degree of freedom when their preferred perimeter is above a threshold value. We find that the mechanical response of jammed packings of deformable particles with shape degrees of freedom differs significantly from that of jammed packings of rigid-shape particles, which emphasizes the importance of particle deformability in modelling soft solids. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Correction: The structural, vibrational, and mechanical properties of jammed packings of deformable particles in three dimensions

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Soft matter 2022年第19期18卷 3815页

作者： Dong Wang John D Treado Arman Boromand Blake Norwick Michael P Murrell Mark D Shattuck Corey S O'Hern Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA. corey.ohern@yale.edu. Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA. Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA. Systems Biology Institute Yale University West Haven Connecticut 06516 USA. Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA. Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA.

Correction for 'The structural, vibrational, and mechanical properties of jammed packings of deformable particles in three dimensions' by Dong Wang , , 2021, , 9901-9915, DOI: 10.1039/D1SM01228B.

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Numerical analysis of general-vibration-based method for structural health monitoring

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2227卷

作者： Fergyanto E. Gunawan Benfano Soewito Nico Surantha Tuga Mauritsius Nobumasa Sekishita 1Industrial Engineering Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Industrial Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 2Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 3Information Systems Management Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Information Systems Management Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 4Department of Mechanical Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan

For damage detection, this research article discusses an easy-to-compute damage index derived from the governing dynamic of the structure that has potential practical application in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The research uses simplified structural models to explore the sensitivity of the index to damages, to compare the index performance with a traditional but popular damage detection method, and to understand the local/global predictive capability of the index. The research uses two simple models, namely, single- and two-degree-of-freedom systems. The results suggest that the damage index is local, that can only monitor damages occurring near the points of measurements, but it is sensitive to damages, unlike the natural frequency, which is global but less sensitive.

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The accuracy of the F statistic for structural health monitoring

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2227卷

作者： Fergyanto E. Gunawan Benfano Soewito Nico Surantha Tuga Mauritsius Nobumasa Sekishita 1Industrial Engineering Department BINUS Graduate Program – Master of Industrial Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 2Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program – Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 3Information Systems Management Department BINUS Graduate Program – Master of Information Systems Management Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 4Department of Mechanical Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan

Understanding the reliability of engineering methods is crucial for its adoption and deployment. This research focuses on the reliability of the Power Spectral Density (PSD) method via the use of the F statistic for damage detection. To the author best knowledge, the method is rather classic but its realibility has not been discussed in the context of a large data size. Priory, the research anticipates that the accuracy is a function of the damage level. In this study, we evaluate 3500 cases with five levels of structural integrity, namely, healthy condition and damaged conditions with 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% damage levels. The dataset is established via a numerical analysis of a seven degree-of-freedom system loaded with a concentrated dynamic force with random magnitude. A spring on the system is reduced in its stiffness to simulate damages. Our significant findings are the following: it is challenging for the PSD-based method to differentiate the healthy condition from the damaged conditions when the damage level is small. However, the reliability is high at 95% probability when the structural integrity has dropped by five percent.

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Compact prototype microfabricated gas chromatographic analyzer for autonomous determinations of VOC mixtures at typical workplace concentrations

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 390-399页

作者： Junqi Wang Jonathan Bryant-Genevier Nicolas Nuñovero Chengyi Zhang Bruce Kraay Changhua Zhan Kee Scholten Robert Nidetz Sanketh Buggaveeti Edward T.Zellers Department of Chemistry University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Applied Physics Program University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

This report concerns a benchtop prototype instrument containing a gas chromatographic microanalytical system(μGC)designed for the selective determination of multiple airborne volatile organic compounds(VOCs)at concentrations in the vicinity of recommended occupational exposure *** core microsystem consists of a set of discrete Si-microfabricated devices:a dualcavity,adsorbent-packed micro-preconcentrator-focuser(μPCF)chip that quantitatively captures and thermally desorbs/injects VOCs with vapor pressures between~0.03 and 13 kPa;tandem micro-column(μcolumn)chips with cross-linked PDMS wall-coated stationary phases capable of temperature-programmed separations;and an integrated array of fiveμchemiresistors(μCR)coated with different thiolate-monolayer protected gold nanoparticle(MPN)interface films that quantifies and further differentiates among the analytes by virtue of the response patterns *** key components include a pre-trap for low-volatility interferences,a split-flow injection valve,and an onboard He carrier–gas *** assembled unit measures 19×30×14 cm,weighs~3.5 kg,operates on AC power,and is laptop/LabVIEW ***-and system-level tests of performance demonstrated injection bandwidths o1 s,aμcolumn capacity of≥8μg injected mass,linear calibration curves,no humidity effects,excellent medium-term(that is,1 week)reproducibility,autonomous operation for 8 h,detection limits below Threshold Limit Values(TLV)for 10 mL air samples collected in 1 min,and response patterns that enhanced vapor *** determination of a 17-VOC mixture in the presence of seven interferences was performed in 4 *** augur well for adapting the microsystem to an all-MEMS wearableμGC currently under parallel development.

关键词： gas chromatography micro-GC microsystem mixtures sensor array VOCs

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Additive nanomanufacturing of lab-on-a-chip fluorescent peptide nanoparticle arrays for Alzheimer＇s disease diagnosis

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2018年第3期1卷 182-194页

作者： Leming Sun Zhen Fan Tao Yues Jun Yin Jianzhong FU Mingjun Zhang Department of Biomedical Engineering College ofEngineering Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210USA School of Life Sciences Northwestern PolytechnicalUniversity Xi'an 710072 Shaanxi China Department of Polymeric Materials School of MaterialScience and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804 China Institute for Advanced Study TongjiUniversity Shanghai 200092 China School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical Engineering ZhejiangUniversity Hangzhou 310028 China Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute The OhioState University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH43210 USA Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program Ohio StateUniversity Columbus OH 43210 USA

This paper proposes an additive nanomanufacturing approach to fabricate a personalized lab-on-a-chip fluorescent peptide nanoparticles （f-PNPs） array for simultaneous multi-biomarker detection that can be used in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） diagnosis. We will discuss optimization techniques for the additive nanomanufacturing process in terms of reliability, yield and manufacturing efficiency. One contribution of this paper lies in utilization of additive nanomanufacturing techniques to fabricate a patient-specific customize-designed lab-on-a-chip device for personalized AD diagnosis, which remains a major challenge for biomedical engineering. Through the integrated bio-design and bio-manufacturing process, doctor＇s check- up and computer-aided customized design are integrated into the lab-on-a-chip array for patient-specific AD diagnosis. In addition, f-PNPs with targeting moieties for personalized AD biomarkers will be self-assembled onto the customized lab-on-a- chip through the additive nanomanufacturing process, which has not been done before. Another contribution of this research is the personalized lab-on-a-chip f-PNPs array for AD diagnosis utilizing limited human blood. Blood-based AD assessment has been described as ＂the holy grail＂ of early AD detection. This research created the computer-aided design, fabrication through additive nanomanufacturing, and validation of the f-PNPs array for AD diagnosis. This is a highly interdisciplinary research contributing to nanotechnology, biomaterials, and biomedical engineering for neurodegenerative disease. The conceptual work is preliminary with intent to introduce novel techniques to the application. Large-scale manufacturing based on the proposed framework requires extensive validation and optimization.

关键词： Nanomanufacturing Lab-on-a-chip Fluorescent peptide nanoparticle Alzheimer＇s disease Diagnosis

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Unifying femtosecond and picosecond single-pulse magnetic switching in GdFeCo

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Jakobs, F. Ostler, T.A. Lambert, C.-H. Yang, Y. Salahuddin, S. Wilson, R.B. Gorchon, J. Bokor, J. Atxitia, U. Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik Freie Universität Berlin Berlin14195 Germany LiégeB-4000 Belgium College of Business Technology and Engineering Sheffield Hallam University Howard Street SheffieldS1 1WB United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California RiversideCA92521 United States ETH Zurich Hönggerbergring 64 Zürich8093 Switzerland Portland Technology Development Department Intel Corp. HillsboroOR97006 United States Universite de Lorraine CNRS IJL NancyF-54000 France

Many questions are still open regarding the physical mechanisms behind the magnetic switching in GdFeCo alloys by single optical pulses. Phenomenological models suggest a femtosecond scale exchange relaxation between sublattice magnetization as the driving mechanism for switching. The recent observation of thermally induced switching in GdFeCo by using both several picosecond optical laser pulse as well as electric current pulses has questioned this previous understanding. This has raised the question of whether or not the same switching mechanics are acting at the femoand picosecond scales. In this work, we aim at filling this gap in the understanding of the switching mechanisms behind thermal single-pulse switching. To that end, we have studied experimentally thermal single-pulse switching in GdFeCo alloys, for a wide range of system parameters, such as composition, laser power and pulse duration. We provide a quantitative description of the switching dynamics using atomistic spin dynamics methods with excellent agreement between the model and our experiments across a wide range of parameters and timescales, ranging from femtoseconds to picoseconds. Furthermore, we find distinct element-specific damping parameters as a key ingredient for switching with long picosecond pulses and argue, that switching with pulse durations as long as 15 picoseconds is possible due to a low damping constant of Gd. Our findings can be easily extended to speed up dynamics in other contexts where ferrimagnetic GdFeCo alloys have been already demonstrated to show fast and energy-efficient processes, e.g. domain-wall motion in a track and spin-orbit torque switching in spintronics devices. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ternary alloys

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Corrosion behaviour of PEEK or β-TCP-impregnated Ti6Al4V SLM structures targeting biomedical applications

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2019年第12期29卷 2523-2533页

作者： M.M.COSTA T.A.DANTAS F.BARTOLOMEU N.ALVES F.S.SILVA G.MIRANDA F.TOPTAN Center for Micro Electro Mechanical Systems(CMEMS) University of Minho(UMinho)4800-058 GuimarãesPortugal MIT Portugal Program School of EngineeringUniversity of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development Polytechnic Institute of Leiria Rua General Norton de MatosApartado 4133LeiriaPortugal IBTN/Br–Brazilian Branch of the Institute of Biomaterials Tribocorrosion and NanomedicineUNESPCampus de BauruAv.Eng.Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube14-0117033-360BauruSPBrazil

Ti6Al4V cellular structures were produced by selective laser melting(SLM)and then filled either with beta-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)or PEEK(poly-ether-ether-ketone)through powder metallurgy techniques,to improve osteoconductivity and wear *** corrosion behavior of these structures was explored considering its importance for the long-term performance of *** revealed that the incorporation of open cellular pores induced higher electrochemical kinetics when being compared with dense *** impregnation ofβ-TCP and PEEK led to the creation of voids or gaps between the metallic matrix and the impregnated material which also influenced the corrosion behavior of the cellular structures.

关键词： Ti6Al4V cellular structures corrosion multimaterial design poly-ether-ether-ketone(PEEK) beta-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)

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