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33rd Southern African Universities Power engineering Conference, SAUPEC 2025

作者： Onokwai, Anthony O. Akuru, Udochukwu B. Desai, Dawood A. Tshwane University of Technology Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Pretoria South Africa Pan-Atlantic University Department of Mechanical Engineering Lekki Nigeria Tshwane University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Pretoria South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9798331535162

Growing concerns about emissions and fuel efficiency in diesel engines have driven the development of advanced waste heat recovery (WHR) systems. This research explored a novel approach integrating thermodynamic optimization, particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithms (GA), artificial neural networks (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) within an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system to mitigate emissions. The use of organic fluids in the ORC proved effective for recovering low-grade waste heat across varying engine loads, leading to positive reductions in nitrogen oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Incorporating these optimization techniques further enhanced the system's thermal efficiency and waste heat recovery capabilities, resulting in lower emissions from the diesel engine. The research findings demonstrate that model-based optimization effectively addresses operational challenges, improves engine performance, and reduces environmental impact, offering a promising pathway towards environmentally sustainable and efficient diesel engine operation - a goal of global importance given the need to reduce emissions and enhance energy system efficiency. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Waste heat utilization

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Human Emotion Detection to Emoji Display Using Machine Learning 2

Human Emotion Detection to Emoji Display Using Machine Learn...

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2nd International Conference on Advancements in Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computing and Automation, ICAECA 2023

作者： Barath, Kumar V. Sooryash, J. Sriram, B. Sushmita, V. Sabitha, B. Magudapathi, P. Department of Mechatronics Engineering Kumaraguru College of Technology Coimbatore India Department of Ai and Ds Engineering Kumaraguru College of Technology Coimbatore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350306811

In Human body facial muscle consumes 70% of energy to make expressions against various emotions. Most importantly face has around 42 striated muscles and 14 facial bones all together perform an important function in the daily life cycle. Facial emotions can be replaced by Emoji reactions for example Sadness, Contempt, Surprise, Anger, Fear, and Happiness, among Humans are able to recognise facial expressions with ease, but computers struggle to do the same. In some circumstances, recent techniques have offered AI technology for facial skeleton marking to generate apps and avatars. This paper explains technologies developed for automatic facial reaction captured through 5.0 MP Pi Digicam is interfaced with Raspberry pi in CSI (Camera Serial Interface) using IDLE Python 3.11.2. Here Raspberry pi OS is used to get display photographs clearly as it works faster than the existing model and it is widely used in wireless printing servers, controllers of the robot, and Standard tripod stop motion cameras. This paper reflects in the below applications: Lie detections used by crime branch departments, In Hospitals to monitor intensive care patients. This model will support for several domains such as Hospitals and Anti-crime Units. This output will be monitored by 24/7 for tracking purposes and provide a detailed Data log sheet with emoji's. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Crime

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Control Simulation of Proportional-Integral and Sliding Mode Control for Precision Seed Planters

Control Simulation of Proportional-Integral and Sliding Mode...

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2023 International Conference on Robotics and Automation in Industry, ICRAI 2023

作者： Nawaz, Yasir Qadir, Muhammad Usman Khan, Muhammad Awais Haq, Izhar Ul Shah, Kamran Khan, Tahir Advanced Robotics & Automation Lab Department of Mechatronics University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464727

The desired development and design of an electric control system (ECS) for a precision planter is one of the most crucial elements in evaluating the efficacy of applicators for plant production. The seeds would be sown using this approach. Years have been invested in the continuous development of a range of application methods and metering systems, each of which offers specific advantages for applying the required system with a high degree of precision. Researchers worldwide have been trying to make electric-driven seed meters (EDSM) for planters, but they haven't succeeded. This study looks into the current state of installing seed metering systems for precision planters. Proportional-integral (PI) and sliding mode control (SMC) designs of the control system have been implemented to improve the planting quality of the planters. We want to highlight the electrically driven control system (EDCS) using these designs. An overview of the noteworthy features and limitations of past research is given. We also discuss several future directions for future research, concentrating on the knowledge gaps in this area. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Sliding mode control

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The Design of a Triple-Band H-and Dual C-Shaped Planar Dipole Antenna for a Drone Application

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 2023年 134卷 103-117页

作者： Naktong, Watcharaphon Ruengwaree, Amnoiy Sakulchat, Suwat Promput, Sommart Department of Telecommunications Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Nakhon Ratchasima30000 Thailand Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Faculty of Engineering Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi Pathum Thani12110 Thailand Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya13000 Thailand Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering School of Engineering and Innovation Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok Chonburi 20110 Thailand

This paper presents the study of an H-and dual C-shaped planar dipole antenna by adding and etching technique for the triple-band of drone operating frequencies. Tuning the frequency range was performed to cover the VOR standard of 108–118 MHz, GS standard of 328.6–335.4 MHz, and the DME standard of 962–1,231 MHz. The antenna structure was fabricated on a PCB of FR4 with a dielectric constant (Εr ) of 4.4 and thickness (h) of 1.6 mm (material with low cost, compact size, and easy to use). The reflection coefficient (S11) results of the simulation and measurement were in good agreement, which demonstrated the bandwidth frequencies of resonance frequency at 112 MHz (106– 118 MHz), 331.50 MHz (323–401 MHz), and 1,087.50 MHz (920–1,301 MHz). The antenna gains were 1.73, 3.43, and 6.31 dBi, respectively, and the antenna radiation pattern was omnidirectional when it was used with H-plane. It was found in experiment that the proposed antenna could be installed in a drone with sending and receiving signals fittingly as desired. Furthermore, the proposed antenna is lightweight at just 0.4 kg, less than the original drone antenna (1.8 kg), and it does not require changing the antenna in each frequency range. © 2023, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Drones

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Altitude Control of a Quad-Rotor Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) UAV Using PSO and GA Optimized PID Controller 6

Altitude Control of a Quad-Rotor Electric Vertical Take-Off ...

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6th International Conference on Sustainable Technologies for Industry 5.0, STI 2024

作者： Bhattacharjee, Ovijit Roy, Priyo Nath Nahiyan, Md. Helal-An Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Department of Mechatronics Engineering Khulna Bangladesh Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Khulna Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531973

Maintaining the stability and maneuver control accuracy of an eVTOL is quite challenging due to its complex system dynamics and uncertainty. Therefore, a robust controller can handle these types of challenges. This study focuses on developing an optimal control system for a quadrotor electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The dynamic system modeling of eVTOL is designed using the Newton-Euler equations and the Euler-Lagrange equations. The model is then simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment without a controller, resulting in an unexpected eVTOL response. The proposed optimal PID gains (KP, KI, and KD) are achieved using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GA). The simulation results indicate that the GA-based PID controller outperforms the PSO-based PID controller. The errors are 0.005 and 0.01 for step and rectangle signals, respectively. However, including an additional inertial measurement unit sensor introduces some inaccuracies that need to be addressed for further improvement. Furthermore, some suggestions are made to improve the performance further. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic Algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization PID Controller Quad-rotor UAV

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Design of Modular Robots and reconfiguration exercises using Lego bricks

Design of Modular Robots and reconfiguration exercises using...

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2023 International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Ubiquitous Communication, and Computational Intelligence, RAEEUCCI 2023

作者： Shanmugavel, Madhavan Yik, Ang Chun Srm Institute of Science and Technology Dept. of Mechatronics Engineering Chennai603203 India School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia Campus Mechatronics Discipline Selangor47500 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337426

This paper presents design of Reconfigurable Modular Robots (RMRs) with four contact surfaces and a central controller for monitoring and controlling re-configuration through docking and undocking. The body of the RMR is completely built using Lego bricks which makes the prototyping rapid. In addition, it helps realizing feasibility of the design at the earliest stage of the project. The RMR has two main parts: body (head) and a tail. The tail is designed as a two dof manipulator with a docking surface which differentiates itself from other RMRs available in the literature. Three more docking surfaces on body together have four surfaces in total. The motion control the robot, joint control of the tail and data acquisition from sensors are managed by Arduino. NodeMCU links the communication between the central controller and Arduino and make the system IoT capable. Reconfiguration is done through docking between the robots and is implemented using a simple path planning algorithm based on reference vector calculations. Image processing was used to real-time identification of robots and estimation of poses. A central controller is designed using MatLab GUI for overall control and monitoring of the RMRs. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated for the snake-configuration and was found successful in achieving desired configuration. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Modular robots

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A High-Sensitivity Microwave Sensor with Split-Ring Resonator Structure for Force and Bending Measurement

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第12期25卷 21312-21321页

作者： Zhang, Zheyuan Nie, Bangbang Qiu, Jingjiang Peng, Wei Li, Shijiao Hao, Yilin Zhai, Ming Hu, Yifan Zhu, Mingfu Xi, Rui Wei, Ronghan Zhengzhou University School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Zhengzhou450001 China Advanced Intelligent Manufacturing Lab Nano Opto-mechatronics & Biomedical Engineering Lab Zhengzhou450001 China Zhengzhou University School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Industrial Technology Research Institute Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications Institute of Intelligent Sensing Zhengzhou450001 China

In the fields of biological and medical research, precise detection of microscale structural changes is crucial. This paper presents a microwave sensor based on a microstrip line-coupled split-ring resonator structure for detecting structural bending changes and force conditions. The sensor is composed of Flame-Retardant 4（FR4） epoxy resin, copper foil, and an organic protective layer, with a resonant frequency of 3.60801 GHz. Detection of bending and microforces is achieved through the shift in resonant frequency. When the bending angle is between 0.1° and 1°, the sensor's resonant frequency shift range is from 3.60771 GHz to 3.60280 GHz;when the bending angle is between 5° and 90°, the resonant frequency shift range is from 3.60801 GHz to 3.60126 GHz, with a sensitivity of 74.916 kHz/°. Additionally, the sensor can measure forces in the range of 0 to 20 N, and for microforces within the range of 0.1 mN to 1 mN, the resonant frequency shift range is from 3.56256 GHz to 3.56219 GHz, with a sensitivity of 372 Hz/μN. The sensor has the advantages of high resolution, high sensitivity, and a broad measurement range. Validated by pulse measurement, it successfully measured the wrist arterial pulse force of approximately 1.5 mN, providing a new perspective for the fields of biological and medical monitoring. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Microwave sensors

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Single Cell Energy Router Justification for Three Phase Near Zero Energy Buildings 14

Single Cell Energy Router Justification for Three Phase Near...

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14th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2025

作者： Hokmabad, Hossein Nourollahi Shahsavar, Tala Hemmati Matiushkin, Oleksandr Jalakas, Tanel Husev, Oleksandr Belikov, Juri Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics Tallinn Estonia Gdansk University of Technology Faculty of Electrical and Automation Engineering Gdansk Poland Tallinn University of Technology Department of Software Science Tallinn Estonia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516116

The rise of building-integrated photovoltaics and distributed electric vehicle charging has led to significant phase imbalances in utility grids, challenging service providers due to limited behind-the-meter visibility. This paper introduces a novel Single-Cell Three-Phase (SC-TP) Energy Router (ER) that accesses all phases and balances them without the complexities and costs associated with conventional three-phase systems. Our comparative analysis shows that the SC-TP ER reduces phase unbalancing by 16% and achieves cost savings, offering a viable alternative to three-phase solutions with 25% reduction in cost. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Power grids

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA ON rGO MATERIAL DEPOSITION FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

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Telecommunications and Radio engineering (English translation of Elektrosvyaz and Radiotekhnika) 2025年第3期84卷 1-17页

作者： Madabhushi, Havishma Venkata De, Shounak Kumar, Pramod Ali, Tanweer Kumar, Praveen Kumar, Om Prakash Junjunwala, Vikas Kumar Vincent, Shweta Pathan, Sameena Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Karnataka Manipal576104 India Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Karnataka Manipal576104 India Department of Mechatronics Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Karnataka Manipal576104 India Department of Information & Communication Technology Engineering Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Karnataka Manipal576104 India

This paper describes the design and analysis of a flexible microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications that uses reduced graphene oxide (rGO) material deposition on cotton substrates. Using a microstrip line-fed design, the proposed dual-band antenna resonates at 5.5 and 8 GHz. The study investigates the application of rGO as a conductive patch on cotton, emphasizing its durability, low energy gap, and strong conductivity. The design methodology uses a step-by-step optimization process to achieve an efficient performance. The antennas are simulated with the high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS), and prototype results are reported. © 2025 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Slot antennas

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Effects of surface integrity on wear resistance of 42CrMo steel subjected to ultrasonic shot peening

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Journal of Manufacturing Processes 2025年 149卷 679-696页

作者： Wang, Cheng Chen, Long Hu, Shengyang Xi, Yinhu Zhang, Haohao Tian, Konghu Fei, Shuhui Deng, Haishun Shen, Gang School of Mechatronics Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan232001 China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment Chongqing University 400030 China Analytical and testing center Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan232001 China

To enhance the wear resistance of 42CrMo steel, ultrasonic shot peening (USP) was strategically employed as a surface modification technique to improve the material surface integrity. A systematic investigation was conducted, beginning with the comprehensive surface characterization of the USP-treated specimens, including the quantitative analysis of surface roughness, surface residual stress field, microhardness gradient, grain refinement characteristics, and microstructural transformations. The tribological behavior was then studied through the controlled dry sliding friction and wear tests, with particular emphasis on the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate under varying operational conditions (normal loads of 10 N and 20 N, sliding speeds of πm/min and 2πm/min). The experimental results demonstrate that USP treatment using 6 mm-diameter shots converts the surface tensile residual stresses into surface compressive residual stresses, improves the maximum microhardness by 56 %, while significantly increases surface roughness. These surface modifications lead to the reduction of COF and specific wear rate by 15 % and 34 % under the dry sliding condition of 10 N normal load and πm/min sliding speed. SEM was utilized to characterize wear mechanisms through the detailed analysis on the worn surface morphologies, and found that the enhancement of wear resistance by USP is attributed to the transition in wear mechanism from predominant adhesive wear in the as-received specimen to primarily abrasive wear in the USP-treated specimen. The study establishes the correlation between USP-induced surface integrity enhancement and the improved wear resistance, supported by mechanistic analysis of surface strengthening mechanisms. These findings provide fundamental insights into the wear-resistant mechanisms of USP-treated 42CrMo steel, offering a valuable guidance for surface engineering applications in industrial components subjected to severe wear conditions. ©

关键词： Etching

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