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Investigations on Influence of Micro and Nano Pulse Laser Source for µ-3D Printing of Ceramics Over Flexible Substrates for Functional Applications 7th

Investigations on Influence of Micro and Nano Pulse Laser So...

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7th Conference on Microactuators, Microsensors and Micromechanisms, MAMM 2024

作者： Singh, Arpit Kumar Sahu, Anshu Iyamperumal, Palani Anand Mechatronics and Instrumentation Engineering Lab Indian Institute of Technology Indore India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031833564

Micro-manufacturing processes are a burgeoning field of research, especially as Industry 4.0 drives a trend towards miniaturization. Laser-assisted manufacturing has gained prominence for advanced and additive manufacturing, demonstrating significant potential for functional applications. Laser µ-3D printing, a subset of laser-assisted manufacturing, is notable for being a non-contact, one-step, and high-resolution process that efficiently saves time and cost. However, achieving optimal transfer quality deposits remains a challenge. This manuscript focuses on the critical parameter of laser wavelength and its processing parameters for effective material transfer. ZnO ceramic, an exceptional material for opto-electronics applications, is sputtered using RF sputtering on a PDMS sacrificial layer coated silicon wafer, with a 10.6 µm CO2 laser investigated for material ejection effects and functional variations on ZnO ceramic. Additionally, a 532 nm laser source is explored by sputtering ZnO over ITO-coated glass. Key parameters such as pulse overlap, laser fluence, and stand-off distance are studied. Optimal parameters of 11.5 cm SOD, 75 J/cm2 laser fluence, and 65% laser fluence were identified with the 10.6 µm CO2 laser, while short pulse lasers are being investigated. The impact of processing parameters on feature size and controllability is examined, highlighting their application in opto-electronics through UV-Visible outputs. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Silicon wafers

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Influence of Laser Micromachining and Compositional Variation of NiTi on NiTi/Kapton Polyimide Bimorph Actuators for Opto-mechatronics Applications 7th

Influence of Laser Micromachining and Compositional Variatio...

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7th Conference on Microactuators, Microsensors and Micromechanisms, MAMM 2024

作者： Gangwar, Kaushal Anand, Palani Iyamperumal Mechatronics and Instrumentation Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031833564

Structures fabricated by depositing NiTi thin films onto a flexible substrate like Kapton polyimide can be utilized in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) such as actuators. However, the development of customized actuators with different fabrication processes can alter the characteristics of thin film and actuation. Micromachining of the bimorph structure using laser energy results in accurate shape generation and can anneal the deposited film due to the absorption of laser heat into the bimorph. In this work, the NiTi Kapton polyimide bimorph actuator was fabricated out of the bimorph sheet using laser-assisted micromachining. The micromachining was performed by a 1064 nm fiber laser at optimized parameters of 5 W laser power, 5 mm/s laser speed, and 50 μm laser spot diameter. The actuators were customized into shapes of triangles of 10 mm side. The interaction of the laser with the bimorph structure has resulted in the grain refinement of the deposited NiTi film revealed by the SEM analysis. The variation in phase transformation temperature was also studied with differential scanning calorimetry. The electrical actuation results of the actuators displayed an improvement of 54% for the laser micromachined actuator. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Micromachining

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Performance Analysis of Ti and Cu Rich SMA-Coated Optical Fiber Sensors for Low and High-Temperature Condition Monitoring of Systems 7th

Performance Analysis of Ti and Cu Rich SMA-Coated Optical Fi...

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7th Conference on Microactuators, Microsensors and Micromechanisms, MAMM 2024

作者： Palani, I.A. Patra, Nandini Chouhan, Navneet Singh, Vipul Mechatronics and Instrumentation Lab Mechanical Engineering Department IIT Indore Madhya Pradesh Indore India Molecular and Nano-Electronics Research Group Electrical Engineering Department IIT Indore Madhya Pradesh Indore India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031833564

Solid state sensor characteristics of NiTi and Cu based shape memory alloys (SMAs) are reported for both high and low temperatures (−50 ℃ to 250 ℃). The effect of two different alloys on the martensitic transformation (MT) are demonstrated at low and high temperature ranges. The sensor was fabricated with novel technique of SMA coating on optical fiber through flash evaporation process. The morphology, phase transformation, and actuation characteristics of such coated optical fibers were studied through optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and laser displacement sensor respectively. The effects of different materials on characteristic transformation temperatures, enthalpy and entropy values were investigated. During heating we have observed that both SMA coated fiber straightened with respect to the initial state. However, more bending was observed during cooling for the SMA coated fibers. Such sensing behavior arises due to induced strain of thin SMA coating on optical fiber during exposure at different temperature ranges. We have observed maximum actuation of ~8 mm during heating and ~5 mm during cooling for NiTi rich samples, whereas ~4 mm during heating and ~12 mm during cooling was detected for Cu rich SMAs. This sensing behavior of the SMA coated optical fiber affects the intensity of optical signal passing through it. NiTi rich SMA coated fiber shows better sensitivity during heating while Cu rich SMA shows better response for cooling cycles. Hence, we can conclude that SMA coated optical fiber can potentially be used for sensing and monitoring applications at varying temperature ranges. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Optical fiber fabrication

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Investigation on Actuation Performance of Shape Memory Alloy Actuator for Robotics Application 8th

Investigation on Actuation Performance of Shape Memory Alloy...

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8th International and 29th All India Manufacturing Technology , Design and Research Conference, AIMTDR 2021

作者： Jayachandran, S. Yashwanth, Neelam Hussain, Hampa Faazil Palani, I.A. Mechatronics and Instrumentation Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madhya Pradesh Indore India Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology Madhya Pradesh Indore India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811938658

The shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator comprising SMA wire and kapton polyimide was fabricated. The actuation characteristics were analyzed using the open-loop programmable power supply. The maximum displacement at different parameters was analyzed. The actuator showed a two-way shape memory effect during analysis without the tedious process of training. Two different diameters of wire were used during the actuator fabrication. The composition analysis of two different diameter wires revealed that there is a slight variation in composition percentage. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed the austenite transformation temperature for both the diameter wire (0.5 mm and 300 µm) lies in between 70–80 ℃ temperature range. The actuator of dimension 7 × 2 cm2 showed a maximum displacement of 3 cm and 5 × 2 cm2 reached a maximum displacement of 1.2 cm for 300 µm SMA wire. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Calorimeters

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Unraveling the laser decal transfer-based printing of ZnO ceramic towards FEP-ZnO-based Piezo-Tribo hybrid nanogenerators

Nano Trends

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Nano Trends 2025年 9卷

作者： Singh, Arpit Kumar Sahu, Anshu Anand, Palani Iyamperumal Mechatronics and Instrumentation Engineering Lab Indian Institute of Technology Indore India

In this growing technological world, laser decal transfer has emerged as a groundbreaking technique due to its ability to offer high precision, material versatility, and design freedom. While various combinations of metals have been explored for applications ranging from aerospace and biomedical devices to micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), it works on conventional printing processes that rely on wire or powder as raw materials, which limit their applicability in certain end-use cases. In contrast, laser decal transfer enables the precise deposition of materials without phase changes, making it particularly suitable for advanced applications where chemical and functional integrity must be maintained. Most MEMS devices are fabricated using either lithography-based processes or microfabrication systems, both of which involve phase change during fabrication. This phase change often alters the chemical and functional properties of the devices, highlighting the need for a fabrication method that preserves the original material characteristics. With advancements in technologies, a thin film-based laser decal transfer setup is yet to be fully explored for printing thin-film materials in pixelated form over substrates, enabling substrate- and material-independent processes. The present work focuses on the development of a laser decal transfer-based printing process using thin film as feed material for the fabrication of MEMS devices for piezo-tribo hybrid applications. Surface modification is explored to enhance static charge retention over surfaces. Initially, a silicon wafer is coated with a sacrificial layer over which a piezo-ceramic (ZnO) is sputtered to develop a seed layer. A CO₂ laser (λ=10.6 μm) is utilized in the proposed work, with a detailed investigation of laser processing parameters conducted for effective control over piezo-ceramic transfer and selective positioning. The influence of laser fluence and standoff distance is analyzed, and laser

关键词： Ceramic printing Laser-decal transfer Laser-induced forward transfer ZnO selective printing

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Laser Induced Forward Transfer-Based Micro-3D Printing of NiTi Alloy 8th

Laser Induced Forward Transfer-Based Micro-3D Printing of Ni...

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8th International and 29th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference, AIMTDR 2021

作者： Sahu, Anshu Karna, Pravin Singh, Vipul Palani, I.A. Mechatronics and Instrumentation Lab Discipline of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India Molecular and Nanoelectronics Research Group Discipline of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811976117

In this work, Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is deployed for micro-3D printing to deposit NiTi alloy using CO2 laser (λ = 10.6 µm) in the form of the solid phase. The transparent silicon wafer (with laser wavelength) is used as the donor substrate and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a sacrificial layer that absorbs the laser energy and induces a thrust force for the transfer mechanism. Over the sacrificial layer, NiTi alloy thin film is deposited with DC sputtering technique at working pressure 2 × 10–3 mbar and stand-off distance 5 cm. After the donor preparation, the micro-3D printing is deployed at laser fluences 1270 mJ/cm2 at different (100 mm, 130 mm, 160 mm) focusing distances from the lens (f = 100 mm). It is observed that due to the high energy density of the laser beam at 100 mm distance, the pixel gets ablated from the top surface while at 160 mm distance the energy is insufficient for the complete transfer. Then the spot overlap is varied with 30%, 60%, and 90%, and observed that with an increase in overlap % the pixel density increases leading to a continuous line pattern. The deposited geometry's surface morphology has been analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope. EDS is performed to confirm the elemental composition of the deposition and observed that Ni and Ti are nearly equal in wt % with Si, and C due to the dissociation of PDMS sacrificial layer. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Polydimethylsiloxane

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Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of NiTi for Functional Application

Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of NiTi for Functional Applic...

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Indo-Korean workshop on Multi Functional Materials for Extreme Loading, MFMEL 2021

作者： Sahu, Anshu Singh, Vipul Palani, I.A. Mechatronics and Instrumentation Lab Discipline of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India Molecular and Nanoelectronics Research Group Discipline of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811641374

Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a non-lithography, nozzle-free printing technique widely used to transfer different materials with high resolutions. It can deposit functional material without phase change to fabricate actuators, transducers, and other MEMS devices. In this work, LIFT is deployed to deposit NiTi shape memory alloy using CO2 laser (λ = 10.6 µm) in the form of the solid phase. The silicon wafer is used as the donor substrate since it is transparent to the CO2 laser wavelength, while the silica glass is used as an acceptor substrate. The donor substrate is coated with the Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a sacrificial layer that absorbs the laser energy and induces a thrust force for the transfer mechanism. Over the sacrificial layer, NiTi Shape memory alloy thin film is deposited with DC sputtering technique at working pressure 2 × 10–3 mbar and standoff distance 5 cm. After the donor preparation, the LIFT is deployed at various laser fluences and SOD to transfer NiTi on the silica glass substrate. The deposited geometry’s surface morphology has beenanalyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope. The functionality of the deposited materials has been analyzed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Laser-Induced Forward Transfer NiTi Shape memory alloys

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Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement on Impinging Jet Cooling Using Surface Laser Treatment 46th

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement on I...

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46th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, FMFP 2019

作者： Paulraj, Maheandera Prabu Sahu, Santosh Kumar Sharma, Avadhesh Kumar Kumar, Anuj Sengadurai, Karthikeyan Palani, I.A. Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab Discipline of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol Indore MP453552 India Mechatronics and Instrumentation Lab Discipline of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol Indore MP453552 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811606977

Present paper gives detailed report about the unsteady heat transfer characteristics of bottom jet impingement on hot stainless steel plate. In particularly, the rewetting phenomena of 0.25 mm thickness of horizontally bottom faced stainless steel thin plate are studied by experimentally. Plate initial temperature is 300 °C taken for all the cases. FLIR system (A655sc) is used to predict the unsteady heat transfer characteristics SS sheet under bottom jet impingement. Reynolds number (Re) of bottom impinging jet ranges varied from 5000 to 10,000. The distance between jet and plate (z/d) is 10, and the nozzle diameter is 1 mm for all the cases. The thermal camera (FLIR) is used to capture the transient temperature variation on SS sheet. From the obtained results, the parameters effect on unsteady heat transfer has been obtained. The effect of laser power also is studied by varying power input on laser treatment. Laser power 35 W, laser speed s = 30 bits/ms are taken for present investigation. From the obtained results, it is concluded that the heat transfer is enhanced on jet impingement when laser treatment plate used. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Heat transfer enhancement Jet impingement Laser treatment Transient heat transfer

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Analysis of actuation characteristics of CuAlNiMn/Polyimide thin film shape memory alloy

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2021年 46卷 9580-9585页

作者： M. Geetha K. Dhanalakshmi S. Jayachandran I.A. Palani V. Sathish Kumar Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620021 India Mechatronics and Instrumentation Lab Discipline of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore 453331 India Mechanical Engineering Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology Tiruchirappalli 621215 India

The article presents the study of the deformation of an SMA bimorph actuator during static heating. The thermomechanical behavior of thin film CuAlNiMn shape memory alloy (SMA) on polyimide substrate is analyzed using finite element method. The analysis is carried out for three different geometries to obtain the displacement when temperature is varied. The actuation characteristics of the SMA bimorph are studied through direct heating and joule heating techniques. The surface morphology and composition of the bimorph sample are obtained using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The numerical analysis of the thermomechanical behavior of a thin film CuAlNiMn SMA bimorph is carried out using the finite element method. The procedure is applied for a double-legged cantilever configuration of the bimorph to obtain the actuation in terms of displacement; by varying the temperature. The same is repeated for semi-circular and pentagon shapes of the bimorph to obtain the influence of area on the displacement. It is observed that SMA bimorph displaces with the rise in temperature and the magnitude of displacement increases with the increase in surface area of different geometries. The physical actuation characteristic of CuAlNiMn-polyamide bimorph is studied by thermal heating and electrical heating of the sample, which confirm the shape memory effect of the SMA and provide the displacement characteristics of the bimorph when applying an electrical current.

关键词： CuAlNiMn shape memory alloy Bimorph Static Plate heating Joule heating

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Theoretical Investigations on Influence of Inter-pass Cooling Conditions on Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Parts 4th

Theoretical Investigations on Influence of Inter-pass Coolin...

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4th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Modern Manufacturing, ICAMMM 2021

作者： Kumar, Gorlea Thrinadh Ananthvenkata Tarun Singh, Shalini Shukla, Ashish Resnina, N. Belyaev, S. Palani, I.A. Paul, C.P. Mechatronics and Instrumentation Lab Discipline of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh Indore453552 India Saint-Petersburg State University Saint-Petersburg199034 Russia Laser Technology Division Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology Madhya Pradesh Indore452012 India Homi Bhabha National Institute Maharashtra Anushaktinagar Mumbai400094 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811902437

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is one of the metal additive manufacturing methods in which rapid fabrication is possible for components of big size. A significant amount of heat energy is transferred to the workpiece during this process, with a defined idle period so that the workpiece cools down between each layer of deposition. This variable cooling rate technique keeps the workpiece from collapsing and crack growth by maintaining a proper inter-pass temperature. The main challenge is to choose an inter-pass ambient cooling time to mitigate the residual stresses and distortions induced in the workpiece. A numerical model is developed to study the variation of residual stress with respect to change in the cooling time of WAAM process. The material’s thermal and mechanical behaviour was instigated using finite element analysis, by introducing DFLUX SUBROUTINE within ABAQUS 6.20 SOFTWARE. The simulation results were analyzed and the optimum inter-pass cooling time obtained was 800 sec. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Distortions Goldak heat source Residual stress WAAM

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