The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. In Eqs. (1) to (3), the gas constant 'R' should be replaced with Boltzmann constant 'k .' This change accompanies the change in t...
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. In Eqs. (1) to (3), the gas constant 'R' should be replaced with Boltzmann constant 'k .' This change accompanies the change in the paragraph following Eq. (3) as below.
The yaw angle has a great importance in the wind turbine working. Even though most of the large turbines have yaw mechanisms, they do not have an instant response. The aerodynamic forces and torque on the blades fluct...
The yaw angle has a great importance in the wind turbine working. Even though most of the large turbines have yaw mechanisms, they do not have an instant response. The aerodynamic forces and torque on the blades fluctuate, depending on the yaw angle. The design and the numerical simulation of the wind turbine were performed with the Blade Element Momentum method in open source QBlade software. The power coefficient, torque, thrust and power output generated by wind turbine in non-yawed flow were analysed. The simulations have been performed for non-yawed flow, in rotational speed range between 2100 and 3300 rpm and wind velocity of 15 m/s. Simulations for yaw angle range have been performed between ± 60°, with 5° step at rated rotational speed of 2700 rpm. The results are presented through charts for global parameters in both non-yawed flow, and yawed flow. The effect of yaw angle on global performances of the wind turbines is more important after the value of 25° when the power output decrease with about 15% from power output in non-yawed flow. The average value of the exponent from conventional relation of power coefficient in yawed flow is 1.77 in good concordance with experimental tests.
In recent years, industry has come to require manufacturing systems that provide greater added value. Therefore, education systems for manufacturing technology have been attracting attention of concerned professionals...
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The pumping stations are key points of water treatment plants, their performance directly affecting the serviceability of the entire water treatment system. The excessive wear of mechanical components conducts to pump...
The pumping stations are key points of water treatment plants, their performance directly affecting the serviceability of the entire water treatment system. The excessive wear of mechanical components conducts to pumping station out of service state. The deposition of thin coatings on the elements subjected to wear can generally extend the operating time of the water treatment plants. The paper analyses the failure modes of the mechanical components of the pumping stations and the existing efficient solutions for thin coating deposition to protect them from excessive wear. Consequently, an effective coating is deposited on the raw metal by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and tribological tests are developed for an initial assessment of the anti-wear properties of the coating. The worn contact surfaces are analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the chemical composition is established by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The tests are still in development, revealing that the main failure modes of the coating are abrasive wear and delamination. Future research will be conducted to identify the best combination of powders for a multiple layer deposited coating with high wear resistance.
Composite materials are widely used in many engineering applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratios. However, it is well known that composites are susceptible to impact damage. Detection of impact damage ...
Composite materials are widely used in many engineering applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratios. However, it is well known that composites are susceptible to impact damage. Detection of impact damage is an important issue in maintenance of composite structures. Various non-destructive image-based techniques have been developed for damage detection in composite materials. These include vibrothermography that detects surface temperature changes due to heating associated with frictional energy dissipation by damage. In the present paper numerical simulations are used to investigate heat generation in a composite plate with impact damage in order to support damage detection analysis with vibrothermography. Explicit finite elements are used to model ultrasonic wave propagation in the damaged plate. Simulated delamination and cracks induce frictional heating in the plate. Coupled thermo-mechanical simulations are performed in high frequencies using commercial LS-Dyna finite element code. Very good qualitative agreement between measurements and simulations has been obtained. The area of increased temperature corresponds very well with the damaged area in both experiments and simulations. Numerical model has to be further refined in order to quantitatively match the experiments. The main issues of concern are frictional and thermal properties of composites. The final goal of these research efforts is to predict damage detection sensitivity of vibrothermography in real engineering applications based on numerical models.
This article describes several numerical simulations on aerodynamic characteristics of an oval shaped hovercraft. The 3D model was created in CATIA V5 and numerical analysis was performed in ANSYS Fluent. For numerica...
This article describes several numerical simulations on aerodynamic characteristics of an oval shaped hovercraft. The 3D model was created in CATIA V5 and numerical analysis was performed in ANSYS Fluent. For numerical simulation, the velocity at inlet section and air-clearance height were specified as input parameters, with stationary hovercraft, flat ground surface and the flexible skirt that does not deform under the influence of the pressure created as imposed conditions. Three different air-clearance heights and velocities at inlet section are analysed. The output results of the numerical simulations are mass flow rate, lift force, static pressure, velocity distribution and pressure inside hovercraft.
Reports show that 40% of global carbon emissions come from energy consumed in buildings, so organizations around the world continuously seek ways to reduce their buildings energy consumption. Research identifies three...
Reports show that 40% of global carbon emissions come from energy consumed in buildings, so organizations around the world continuously seek ways to reduce their buildings energy consumption. Research identifies three main approaches; Retrofitting, the use of Low Carbon Buildings (LCB), and implementing Energy Management Systems (EMS). However, other factors could affect the success of these approaches; climate and local weather, building types, social acceptance, and implementation. This paper reviews and evaluates 50 reports on these implementations, and uses that evaluation to identify the most effective approach to reduce buildings carbon footprint. In this evaluation, authors used the reported success rate (in reducing carbon footprint) as key parameter, they then cross-checked this with origin of reports (country, climate region), building type, and implementation thoroughness. This allowed the authors to identify not only the best approach, but also understand the impact of these other factors on the reported success rate. Retrofitting was implemented the most (58%) but with varying success (2% to 49% reductions), this variation is attributed to the current state of the buildings and the level/method of retrofitting applied. LCB showed the highest reductions as energy saving measures were preplanned before building construction, this however limits LCB to new and planned buildings. Even though EMS showed results comparable to Retrofitting and required a fraction of the costs/effort, only 14% implemented it, this is an indication of the level of social awareness in the region on the need to reduce carbon footprint and its impact on the world’s climate.
This paper contains an analysis of some researches regarding hydraulic systems used for pitch control of wind turbines. As is already known pitch control is important for the aerodynamic efficiency of wind turbine inf...
This paper contains an analysis of some researches regarding hydraulic systems used for pitch control of wind turbines. As is already known pitch control is important for the aerodynamic efficiency of wind turbine influencing the energy capture, pitch angle being an important parameter by its influence on the angle of attack of the wind. This kind of control is also important in order to protect the turbine in the case of high values of the wind speed reducing the extreme loads. In many cases the system used to change pitch is a hydraulic system. Considering the tendencies in using hydraulic systems in wind turbines, some research directions resulted from reviewed scientific articles. In the case of high-power wind turbines, the load on the blade being important, the rotation of the blades around their own axes in order to change the pitch angle supposes great acting forces. Hydraulic systems provide them in reduce size equipment. The blade rotation may be controlled simultaneously, in the case of collective pitch control, or separately for each one of the blades, in the case of individual control of the blades.
Accel Kitchen LLC has launched Japan largest cosmic-ray outreach network providing handy cosmic-ray detectors to more than 100 high school and junior high school students and supporting their research activities remot...
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