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arXiv 2019年

作者： Vinuesa, Ricardo Azizpour, Hossein Leite, Iolanda Balaam, Madeline Dignum, Virginia Domisch, Sami Felländer, Anna Langhans, Simone Tegmark, Max Nerini, Francesco Fuso Linné FLOW Centre KTH Mechanics StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute Of Technology Stockholm Sweden Division of Robotics Perception and Learning School of EECS KTH Royal Institute Of Technology Stockholm Sweden Division of Media Technology and Interaction Design KTH Royal Institute of Technology Lindstedtsvägen 3 Stockholm Sweden Responsible AI Lab Umeå University UmeåSE-90358 Sweden Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Müggelseedamm 310 Berlin12587 Germany Division of Media Technology and Interaction Design KTH Royal Institute of Technology Lindstedtsvägen 3 Stockholm Sweden Leioa Spain Department of Zoology University of Otago 340 Great King Street Dunedin9016 New Zealand Center for Brains Minds & Machines Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States KTH Royal Institute of Technology Brinellvagen 68 StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and its progressively wider impact on many sectors across the society requires an assessment of its effect on sustainable development. Here we analyze published evidence of positive or negative impacts of AI on the achievement of each of the 17 goals and 169 targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We find that AI can support the achievement of 128 targets across all SDGs, but it may also inhibit 58 targets. Notably, AI enables new technologies that improve efficiency and productivity, but it may also lead to increased inequalities among and within countries, thus hindering the achievement of the 2030 Agenda. The fast development of AI needs to be supported by appropriate policy and regulation. Otherwise, it would lead to gaps in transparency, accountability, safety and ethical standards of AI-based technology, which could be detrimental towards the development and sustainable use of AI. Finally, there is a lack of research assessing the medium- and long-term impacts of AI. It is therefore essential to reinforce the global debate regarding the use of AI and to develop the necessary regulatory insight and oversight for AI-based technologies. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Planning

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels (vol 400, pg 1619, 2022)

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LANCET 2022年第10365期400卷 1766-1766页

作者： Romanello, M. Di Napoli, C. Drummond, P. Institute for Global Health University College London London UK School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK Department of Global Health Centre for Health and the Global Environment University of Washington Seattle WA USA UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UK School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Geography University College London London UK NU

With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the local cooling and overall health benefits of urban greenspaces, only 277 (27%) of 1038 global urban centres were at least moderately green in 2021 (indicator 2.2.3), and the number of households with air conditioning increased by 66% from 2000 to 2020, a maladaptive response that worsens the energy crisis and further increases urban heat, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. [...]millions of people do not have access to the energy needed to keep their homes at healthy temperatures, preserve food and medication, and meet the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). Aggravating this situation even further, governments continue to incentivise fossil fuel production and consumption: 69 (80%) of 86 countries reviewed had net-negative carbon prices (ie, provided a net subsidy to fossil fuels) for a net total of US$400 billion

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Array antenna for synthetic aperture radar operating in X and Ku-Bands: A study to enhance isolation between radiation elements 12

Array antenna for synthetic aperture radar operating in X an...

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12th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, EUSAR 2018

作者： Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad Virdee, Bal S. See, Chan H. Abd-Alhameed, Raed Falcone, Francisco Limiti, Ernesto Electronics Engineering Department University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Via del politecnico 00133 Rome Italy London Metropolitan University Center for Communications Technology and Mathematics School of Computing and Digital Media LondonN7 8DB United Kingdom School of Engineering Department University of Bolton Deane Road BoltonBL3 5AB United Kingdom School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Bradford United Kingdom Electric and Electronic Engineering Department Universidad Pública de Navarra Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783800746361

Modern synthetic aperture radars (SAR) require a system bandwidth of greater than 1 GHz. Waveguide slot antennas are popular for use in SAR applications because of their inherent advantages, namely high efficiency and power handling capability, but such antennas have a limited bandwidth. Although the bandwidth of slot antennas can be broadened by using ridge waveguides however this approach introduces manufacturing complexity and is costly. A novel solution is presented in this paper to realise a large bandwidth by using 2×3 array antenna where the mutual coupling between the radiating elements is suppressed by inserting an isolation wall between the radiating elements. The isolation wall comprises three intercoupled U-shaped microstrip transmission-lines. With this technique the antenna's bandwidth for VSWR © VDE VERLAG GMBH Â Berlin Â Offenbach.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar

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Preface

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lectu...

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Lecture Notes in computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2020年 12260 LNCS卷 vi-ix页

作者： Arampatzis, Avi Kanoulas, Evangelos Tsikrika, Theodora Vrochidis, Stefanos Joho, Hideo Lioma, Christina Névéol, Aurélie Eickhoff, Carsten Cappellato, Linda Ferro, Nicola Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Democritus University of Thrace Xanthi Greece Information Technologies Institute Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Thessaloniki Greece Faculty of Library Information and Media Science University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Brown University ProvidenceRI United States Department of Information Engineering University of Padova Padua Italy University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Computer Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark LIMSI-CNRS Orsay France University Paris-Saclay Saint-Aubin France

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Wavelet-based Technique for Mobile Device with Low Resolution Depth Image-based Rendering

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Journal of computers (Taiwan) 2018年第6期29卷 168-180页

作者： Lu, Shengrong Hsia, Chih-Hsien Cheng, Wei-Han Li, Hsin-Ting Chiang, Jen-Shiun Zhang, Ling Tseng, Hsien-Wei Gong, Cihun-Siyong Alex School of Information Engineering Longyan University Longyan city Fujian364012 China Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Ilan University Yilan Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tamkang University New Taiepi Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan Portable Energy System Group of Green Technology Research Center Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Ophthalmology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan Master Program of Arts and Technology Chinese Culture University Taiwan

Depth Image-Based Rendering (DIBR) is an approach to generate a 3-D image by the original 2-D color image with the corresponding 2-D depth map. Although DIBR is a quite convenient to convert 2D images to 3D ones, there is a disadvantage in DIBR system that it cannot reach real-time processing due to the computing time. Against this, this paper proposes a method which is based on discrete wavelet transform and adaptive edge-oriented smoothing process, to speed up the computing of the system. The proposed method still preserves the original texture and thus the proposed method not only preserves the vertical texture but also reduces at least 60% of the computing time of the DIBR system. © 2018 computer Society of the Republic of China. All rights reserved.

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms

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A framework and resource for global collaboration in non-human primate neuroscience

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Current Research in Neurobiology 2023年 4卷 100079页

作者： Hartig, Renée Klink, P. Christiaan Polyakova, Zlata Dehaqani, Mohammad-Reza A. Bondar, Igor Merchant, Hugo Vanduffel, Wim Roe, Anna Wang Nambu, Atsushi Thirumala, M. Shmuel, Amir Kapoor, Vishal Gothard, Katalin M. Evrard, Henry C. Basso, Michele A. Petkov, Christopher I. Mitchell, Anna S. Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Max-Planck-Ring 11 Tübingen 72076 Germany Functional and Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen Otfried-Müller-Straße 25 Tübingen 72076 Germany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz 55131 Germany Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation Orangeburg New York 10962 United States Department of Vision and Cognition Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Meibergdreef 47 Amsterdam 1105 BA Netherlands Laboratory of Visual Brain Therapy Sorbonne Université Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut de la Vision Paris F-75012 France Experimental Psychology Helmholtz institute Utrecht University Heidelberglaan 1 Utrecht 3584 CS Netherlands Center for Human Nature Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0812 Japan School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran School of Cognitive Sciences Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) Tehran Iran Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology ACECR Tehran Iran Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation Institute of Neurobiology Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla Department of Neurophysiology Querétaro 76230 Mexico Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven Medical School Leuven 3000 Belgium Leuven Brain Institute KU Leuven Leuven 3000 Belgium Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Charlest

As science and technology evolve, there is an increasing need for promotion of international scientific exchange. Collaborations, while offering substantial opportunities for scientists and benefit to society, also present challenges for those working with animal models, such as non-human primates (NHPs). Diversity in regulation of animal research is sometimes mistaken for the absence of common international welfare standards. Here, the ethical and regulatory protocols for 13 countries that have guidelines in place for biomedical research involving NHPs were assessed with a focus on neuroscience. Review of the variability and similarity in trans-national NHP welfare regulations extended to countries in Asia, Europe and North America. A tabulated resource was established to advance solution-oriented discussions and scientific collaborations across borders. Our aim is to better inform the public and other stakeholders. Through cooperative efforts to identify and analyze information with reference to evidence-based discussion, the proposed key ingredients may help to shape and support a more informed, open framework. This framework and resource can be expanded further for biomedical research in other countries. © 2023

关键词： Ethics Macaque Marmoset Regulations Requirements Welfare

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FV 12. Non-invasive Suppression of Essential Tremor via Phase-Locked Disruption of its Temporal Coherence

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Clinical Neurophysiology 2021年第8期132卷 e35-e36页

作者： S. Schreglmann D. Wang R. Peach J. Li X. Zhang A. Latorre E. Rhodes E. Panella E.S. Boyden M. Barahona S. Santaniello J. Rothwell K. Bhatia N. Grossman Uniklinikum Würzburg Klinik und Poliklinik Neurologie Würzburg Germany University College London Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom Massachussetts Institute of Technology Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Cambridge MA United States Imperial College London Centre for Mathematics of Precision Healthcare Department of Mathematics London United Kingdom Imperial College London Division of Brain Sciences Department of Medicine London United Kingdom University of Connecticut Biomedical Engineering Department and CT Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences Storrs CT United States Imperial College London Department of Physics London United Kingdom Massachussetts Institute of Technology Media Lab Cambridge MA United States Massachussetts Institute of Technology McGovern Institute for Brain Research Cambridge MA United States Harvard University and MIT Broad Institute Cambridge MA United States Massachussetts Institute of Technology Department of Biological Engineering Cambridge MA United States Massachussetts Institute of Technology Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Cambridge MA United States Massachussetts Institute of Technology Center for Neurobiological Engineering Cambridge MA United States Imperial College London UK Dementia Research Institute London United Kingdom Imperial College London Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering London United Kingdom Imperial College London Centre for Neurotechnology London United Kingdom

Aberrant neural oscillations hallmark the pathophysiology of numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we first report a method to accurately track the phase of neural oscillations in real-time by a Hilbert transform that avoids the characteristic Gibbs distortion at the end of the signal, aka endpoint-corrected Hilbert transform (ecHT). The ecHT method maintains the same computational complexity class of the original Hilbert transform allowing implementation in simple digital hardware. We then used the ecHT method to show that the aberrant neural oscillation that hallmarks treatment-resistant essential tremor (ET), the most common adult movement disorder, can be noninvasively supressed via transcranial electrical stimulation at a fixed phase lag over the cerebellar hemisphere ipsilateral to the tremor movement. This was tested in a quadruple-replication randomized way including stimulation at 6 fixed phases, sham and without phase-locking. In a total of 11 subjects, the suppression of ET activity was sustained after the end of the stimulation and was phenomenologically predicted, post-hoc, from the features of the tremor movement before the start of the stimulation. To test for reproducibility, 6 of the original participants werer stimulated exactly the same way three years after the original experiments: the observed, significant stimulation response remained, i.e. responders continued to respond and non-responders did not. Finally, we used a highly-comparative feature extraction (> 8000 features) with statistical learning and neurophysiological computational modelling to show that the suppression of ET activity can be mechanistically attributed to a disruption of the temporal coherence in the tremor movement that can be originated in a higher bursting entropy at the cortico-olivo-cerebello-thalamic circuitry. The suppression of aberrant neural oscillation via phase-locked driven disruption of temporal coherence may represent a powerful neuromodul

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On Capacity-Based Codebook Design and Advanced Decoding for Sparse Code Multiple Access Systems

On Capacity-Based Codebook Design and Advanced Decoding for ...

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作者： Xiao, Kexin Xia, Bin Chen, Zhiyong Xiao, Baicen Chen, Dageng Ma, Shaodan Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Institute of Wireless Communication Technologies Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Institute of Wireless Communication Technologies Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98105 United States Cooperative Medianent Innovation Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmissions Shanghai200240 China Communications Technology Laboratory Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. Shanghai201206 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau C-Macau999078 China

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a promising non-orthogonal air-interface technology for its ability to support massive connections. In this paper, we design the multiuser codebook and the advanced decoding from the perspective of the theoretical capacity and the system feasibility. First, different from the lattice-based constellation in point-to-point channels, we propose a novel codebook for maximizing the constellation constrained capacity. We optimize a series of 1-D superimposed constellations to construct multi-dimensional codewords. An effective dimensional permutation switching algorithm is proposed to further obtain the capacity gain. Consequently, it shows that the performance of the proposed codebook approaches the Shannon limit and achieves significant gains over the other existing ones. Furthermore, we provide a symbol-based extrinsic information transfer tool to analyze the convergence of SCMA iterative detection, where the complex codewords are considered in modeling the a priori probabilities instead of assuming the binary inputs in previous literature. Finally, to approach the capacity, we develop a low-density parity-check code-based SCMA receiver. Most importantly, by utilizing the EXIT charts, we propose an iterative joint detection and decoding scheme with only partial inner iterations, which exhibits significant performance gain over the traditional one with separate detection and decoding. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Iterative decoding

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Probing the universality of topological defect formation in a quantum annealer: Kibble-Zurek mechanism and beyond

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Physical Review Research 2020年第3期2卷 033369-033369页

作者： Yuki Bando Yuki Susa Hiroki Oshiyama Naokazu Shibata Masayuki Ohzeki Fernando Javier Gómez-Ruiz Daniel A. Lidar Sei Suzuki Adolfo del Campo Hidetoshi Nishimori Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology Oh-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan Department of Physics Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Graduate School of Information Sciences Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan Sigma-i Co. Ltd. Konan Minato-ku Tokyo 108-0075 Japan Donostia International Physics Center E-20018 San Sebastián Spain Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Chemistry and Physics University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Department of Liberal Arts Saitama Medical University Moroyama Saitama 350-0495 Japan IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science E-48013 Bilbao Spain Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey Boulevard Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan

The number of topological defects created in a system driven through a quantum phase transition exhibits a power-law scaling with the driving time. This universal scaling law is the key prediction of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM), and testing it using a hardware-based quantum simulator is a coveted goal of quantum information science. Here we provide such a test using quantum annealing. Specifically, we report on extensive experimental tests of topological defect formation via the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model on two different D-Wave quantum annealing devices. We find that the quantum simulator results can indeed be explained by the KZM for open-system quantum dynamics with phase-flip errors, with certain quantitative deviations from the theory likely caused by factors such as random control errors and transient effects. In addition, we probe physics beyond the KZM by identifying signatures of universality in the distribution and cumulants of the number of kinks and their decay, and again find agreement with the quantum simulator results. This implies that the theoretical predictions of the generalized KZM theory, which assumes isolation from the environment, applies beyond its original scope to an open system. We support this result by extensive numerical computations. To check whether an alternative, classical interpretation of these results is possible, we used the spin-vector Monte Carlo model, a candidate classical description of the D-Wave device. We find that the degree of agreement with the experimental data from the D-Wave annealing devices is better for the KZM, a quantum theory, than for the classical spin-vector Monte Carlo model, thus favoring a quantum description of the device. Our work provides an experimental test of quantum critical dynamics in an open quantum system, and paves the way to new directions in quantum simulation experiments.

关键词： Critical exponents Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics Open quantum systems Quantum computation Quantum master equation Quantum simulation Quantum statistical mechanics Quantum spin models

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Effectiveness of social media communication in game development study using team-based learning 4

Effectiveness of social media communication in game developm...

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4th European Conference on Social media, ECSM 2017

作者： Teranishi, Akiko Nakayama, Minoru Wyeld, Theodor Eid, Mohamad A. Electrical and Computer Engineering New York University Abu Dhabi Saadiyat United Arab Emirates Information and Communications Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Department of Screen and Media Flinders University Adelaide Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781911218463

Team-based learning helps students understand methods of usability enhancement by discussing problems and improvements during product development. In this paper, we examine the types of discussions and communication among the teams and their members that were most important for progressively better results in terms of learning reflection. In this study, three teams from two different countries are compared: 1. Arabic team (consisted of 3 Arab students);2. Japanese team (consisted of 4 Japanese students);and, 3. International team (consisted of 3 Japanese students and 2 Arab students). All the students were between 18 and 24 years old. Each team started with the same level of a basic HTML and javascript browser game, and this was provided by the experimenter. Teams were required to develop the game with user testing between versions. The game was developed using an online game editor provided by the experimenters. Code changes and updates were based on user testing by the other teams. The study lasted 3 weeks, with 3 development cycles. At the end of the study, the participants provided their social media communications, including Skype messenger, Facebook messenger, and other instant messaging applications. Based on their communications, we examined the relationships between team activities and their learning experiences with the project overall. The discussions and communications via social media of each group were categorized as: Proposal, Permission, Encouragement, and Acknowledgment using protocol analysis. The analysed results indicate that the learning satisfaction is influenced by what was communicated. In addition, we concluded that Proposal was the most effective type of communication among teams in terms of the learning reflection, especially for satisfaction and achievement. This paper reports on our findings and implications for team-based learning using online media.

关键词： Students

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