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Ethics in human–AI teaming: principles and perspectives

AI and Ethics 2022年第3期3卷 917-935页

作者： Pflanzer, Michael Traylor, Zachary Lyons, Joseph B. Dubljević, Veljko Nam, Chang S. Communications Rhetoric and Digital Media (CRDM) program North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Science Technology and Society (STS) Program North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Air Force Research Laboratory 711th Human Performance Wing Wright-Patterson AFB Dayton USA Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies North Carolina State University Raleigh USA

Ethical considerations are the fabric of society, and they foster cooperation, help, and sacrifice for the greater good. Advances in AI create a greater need to examine ethical considerations involving the development and implementation of such systems. Integrating ethics into artificial intelligence-based programs is crucial for preventing negative outcomes, such as privacy breaches and biased decision making. Human–AI teaming (HAIT) presents additional challenges, as the ethical principles and moral theories that provide justification for them are not yet computable by machines. To that effect, models of human judgments and decision making, such as the agent-deed-consequence (ADC) model, will be crucial to inform the ethical guidance functions in AI team mates and to clarify how and why humans (dis)trust machines. The current paper will examine the ADC model as it is applied to the context of HAIT, and the challenges associated with the use of human-centric ethical considerations when applied to an AI context.

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Higher-order rich-club phenomenon in collaborative research grant networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Nakajima, Kazuki Shudo, Kazuyuki Masuda, Naoki Department of Mathematical and Computing Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8552 Japan Department of Mathematics State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo14260 United States Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto606-8501 Japan Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo14260 United States Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo169-8555 Japan

Modern scientific work, including writing papers and submitting research grant proposals, increasingly involves researchers from different institutions. In grant collaborations, it is known that institutions involved in many collaborations tend to densely collaborate with each other, forming rich clubs. Here we investigate higher-order rich-club phenomena in networks of collaborative research grants among institutions and their associations with research impact. Using publicly available data from the National science Foundation in the US, we construct a bipartite network of institutions and collaborative grants, which distinguishes among the collaboration with different numbers of institutions. By extending the concept and algorithms of the rich club for dyadic networks to the case of bipartite networks, we find rich clubs both in the entire bipartite network and the bipartite subnetwork induced by the collaborative grants involving a given number of institutions up to five. We also find that the collaborative grants within rich clubs tend to be more productive in a per-dollar sense than the control. Our results highlight advantages of collaborative grants among the institutions in the rich clubs. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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TargetNet: Functional microRNA target prediction with deep neural networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Min, Seonwoo Lee, Byunghan Yoon, Sungroh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of LG AI Research Seoul07796 Korea Republic of Department of Electronic and IT Media Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul01811 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence and Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Motivation: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in gene expression regulation by binding to target sites of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). While identifying functional targets of miRNAs is of utmost importance, their prediction remains a great challenge. Previous computational algorithms have major limitations. They use conservative candidate target site (CTS) selection criteria mainly focusing on canonical site types, rely on laborious and time-consuming manual feature extraction, and do not fully capitalize on the information underlying miRNA-CTS interactions. Results: In this paper, we introduce TargetNet, a novel deep learning-based algorithm for functional miRNA target prediction. To address the limitations of previous approaches, TargetNet has three key components: (1) relaxed CTS selection criteria accommodating irregularities in the seed region, (2) a novel miRNA-CTS sequence encoding scheme incorporating extended seed region alignments, and (3) a deep residual network-based prediction model. The proposed model was trained with miRNA-CTS pair datasets and evaluated with miRNA-mRNA pair datasets. TargetNet advances the previous state-of-theart algorithms used in functional miRNA target classification. Furthermore, it demonstrates great potential for distinguishing high-functional miRNA targets. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： RNA

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Speech AI for All: Promoting Accessibility, Fairness, Inclusivity, and Equity

Speech AI for All: Promoting Accessibility, Fairness, Inclus...

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2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2025

作者： Wu, Shaomei Wenzel, Kimi Li, Jingjin Li, Qisheng Pradhan, Alisha Kushalnagar, Raja Lea, Colin Koenecke, Allison Vogler, Christian Hasegawa-Johnson, Mark Su, Norman Makoto Ratner, Nan Bernstein *** Mountain ViewCA United States Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States *** SeattleWA United States Department of Informatics Ying Wu College of Computing New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ United States Gallaudet University WashingtonDC United States Apple CupertinoCA United States Cornell University IthacaNY United States Technology Access Program Gallaudet University WashingtonDC United States The Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana-ChampaignIL United States Department of Computational Media University of California Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA United States Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences University of Maryland College Park College ParkMD United States Neuroscience and Cognitive Science University of Maryland College Park College ParkMD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713958

Trained and optimized for typical and fluent speech, speech AI works poorly for people with speech diversities, often interrupting them and misinterpreting their speech. The increasing deployment of speech AI in automated phone menus, AI-conducted job interviews, and everyday devices poses tangible risks to people with speech diversities. To mitigate these risks, this workshop aims to build a multidisciplinary coalition and set the research agenda for fair and accessible speech AI. Bringing together a broad group of academics and practitioners with diverse perspectives, including HCI, AI, and other relevant fields such as disability studies, speech language pathology, and law, this workshop will establish a shared understanding of the technical challenges for fair and accessible speech AI, as well as its ramifications in design, user experience, policy, and society. In addition, the workshop will invite and highlight first-person accounts from people with speech diversities, facilitating direct dialogues and collaboration between speech AI developers and the impacted communities. The key outcomes of this workshop include a summary paper that synthesizes our learnings and outlines the roadmap for improving speech AI for people with speech diversities, as well as a community of scholars, practitioners, activists, and policy makers interested in driving progress in this domain. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Speech enhancement

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Streaming scene maps for co-robotic exploration in bandwidth limited environments

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Girdhar, Yogesh Cai, Levi Jamieson, Stewart McGuire, Nathan Flaspohler, Genevieve Suman, Stefano Claus, Brian MIT Media Lab MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department Northeastern University

This paper proposes a bandwidth tunable technique for real-time probabilistic scene modeling and mapping to enable co-robotic exploration in communication constrained environments such as the deep sea. The parameters of the system enable the user to characterize the scene complexity represented by the map, which in turn determines the bandwidth requirements. The approach is demonstrated using an underwater robot that learns an unsupervised scene model of the environment and then uses this scene model to communicate the spatial distribution of various high-level semantic scene constructs to a human operator. Preliminary experiments in an artificially constructed tank environment as well as simulated missions over a 10m×10m coral reef using real data show the tunability of the maps to different bandwidth constraints and science interests. To our knowledge this is the first paper to quantify how the free parameters of the unsupervised scene model impact both the scientific utility of and bandwidth required to communicate the resulting scene model. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bandwidth

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Teaching the concept of adaptive thermal comfort in building design education

Teaching the concept of adaptive thermal comfort in building...

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16th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Creative and Smart Solutions for Better Built Environments, Indoor Air 2020

作者： Teli, Despoina Hellwig, Runa T. Schweiker, Marcel Choi, Joon-Ho Lee, M.C. Jeffrey Mora, Rodrigo Rawal, Rajan Wang, Zhaojun Al-Atrash, Farah Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Chalmers University Sweden Department of Architecture Design and Media Technology Aalborg University Denmark Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Building Science School of Architecture University of Southern California United States Department of Interior Design National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taiwan Building Science Graduate Program British Columbia Institute of Technology Canada Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy CEPT University India School of Architecture Harbin Institute of Technology China School of Architecture and Built Environment German Jordanian University Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9781713823605

Traditional building design education in the disciplines of building services, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, etc. focusses on quantifiable factors, i.e. factors which can be subject of calculation, simulation and dimensioning. Since non-quantifiable factors are not part of calculation or simulation models, there is a tendency that they are not adequately considered in education and, as a result, in building planning and operation. In the case of human thermal comfort, building professionals are required to understand the mechanisms and impact of non-quantifiable factors related to human thermal comfort and health, most of which are part of the adaptive thermal comfort concept. This paper identifies the challenges in teaching the concept of adaptive thermal comfort through a collection of lived experiences of the authors. The paper then proposes appropriate intended learning outcomes and teaching methods to equip students with the background knowledge, understanding and skills required to consider human adaptation in their designs. © 2020 16th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Creative and Smart Solutions for Better Built Environments, Indoor Air 2020. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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Analysis of Moisture and Sebum of the Skin for Monitoring Wound Healing in Older Nursing Home Residents 1

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AHFE Virtual Conference on Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors, the Virtual Conference on Social and Occupational Ergonomics, and the Virtual Conference on Cross-Cultural Decision Making, 2020

作者： Shen, Wei-Cheng Jan, Yih-Kuen Lung, Chi-Wen Anastian, Aqo Hsieh, Chang-Wei Cheng, Hsu-Tang Liao, Yin-Yin Liau, Ben-Yi Department of Digital Media Design Asia University Taichung Taiwan Rehabilitation Engineering Lab University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ChampaignIL United States Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ChampaignIL United States Computational Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ChampaignIL United States Department of Creative Product Design Asia University Taichung Taiwan Information Systems Study Program Department of Mathematics Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering Asia University Taichung Taiwan Division of Plastic Surgery Asia University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Hungkuang University Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9783030515492

ISBN: (纸本)9783030515485

Pressure ulcers are a common problem among older nursing home residents. Wound healing monitoring in these older residents causes intensive significant workload for nurses. Moisture and sebum of the skin are critical factors during wound healing which can observations for nurses quick and handy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between moisture and sebum of the skin during wound healing in older people. The data of moisture and sebum was observed for four times in sequence biweekly from the sacrum region of eighteen subjects. Based on the wound healing status, the subjects were grouped into the wound healing, wound non-healing, and non-wound groups. The wound area was calculated by manually tracing the wound area in captured images using the Image-J. Ulcer area were median correlation with moisture (r =.61) and sebum (r = −.60) in the wound healing group. The moisture was also significantly correlated with sebum (r =.89, p © 2020, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Moisture

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Publisher Correction: Battery-free wireless imaging of underwater environments

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Nature communications 2022年第1期13卷 6011页

作者： Sayed Saad Afzal Waleed Akbar Osvy Rodriguez Mario Doumet Unsoo Ha Reza Ghaffarivardavagh Fadel Adib Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. MIT Media Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Program in Media Arts and Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. fadel@mit.edu. MIT Media Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. fadel@mit.edu. Program in Media Arts and Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. fadel@mit.edu. MIT Sea Grant Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. fadel@mit.edu.

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Vernacular biotechnologies

Research Directions: Biotechnology Design

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Research Directions: Biotechnology Design 2022年 1卷 e5-e5页

作者： Elizabeth M. Hénaff New York University Tandon School of Engineering New York New York USA Department of Technology Culture and Society Brooklyn New York USA Integrated Design and Media Program Brooklyn New York USA Center for Urban Science and Progess Brooklyn New York USA

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Guidelines to bridge the gap between adaptive thermal comfort theory and building design and operation practice

Guidelines to bridge the gap between adaptive thermal comfor...

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11th Windsor Conference on Thermal Comfort: Resilient Comfort, WINDSOR 2020

作者： Hellwig, Runa T. Teli, Despoina Schweiker, Marcel Choi, Joon-Ho Jeffrey Lee, M.C. Mora, Rodrigo Rawal, Rajan Wang, Zhaojun Al-Atrash, Farah Aalborg University Department of Architecture Design and Media Technology CREATE Aalborg Denmark Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Gothenburg Sweden Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Building Science Group Karlsruhe Germany University of Southern California School of Architecture Los Angeles United States National Taichung University of Science and Technology Department of Interior Design Taichung Taiwan British Columbia Institute of Technology Building Science Graduate Program Vancouver Canada CEPT University Centre for Advanced Studies in Building Science and Energy Ahmedabad India Harbin Institute of Technology School of Architecture Harbin China German Jordanian University School of Architecture and Built Environment Amman Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9781916187634

Adaptive thermal comfort guidelines have been developed within the work of Annex 69: "Strategy and practice of adaptive thermal comfort in low energy buildings". The guidelines have been established based on a framework for adopting adaptive thermal comfort principles in building design and operation developed by the authors. The guidelines target building practitioners, addressing the critical interrelated role building planners, building operators and occupants play. A successful adaptive thermal comfort design, in which design for human thermal adaptation is foreseen, planned, and carefully embedded in the design and operation intent, is based on broad knowledge and understanding of the multiple quantifiable and non-quantifiable factors influencing human perception, as well as human building interaction. Adaptive building design follows a user-centric integrated design approach and therefore it is critical to consider the occupants' and the operators' role in buildings already in the design phase. This paper focuses on three main challenges identified earlier and how these are addressed in the guidelines, i.e. i) updating prevailing knowledge about human thermophysiology and adaptation, ii) developing a procedure for design of adaptive opportunities, and iii) providing guidance for operational planning and operation of adaptive buildings. The challenge for future research remains to assess the magnitude of how specific design decisions affect particular adaptive mechanisms. © 2020 11th Windsor Conference: Resilient Comfort, WINDSOR 2020 - Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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