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A model-based approach to system-level dependency and real-time analysis of embedded software

A model-based approach to system-level dependency and real-t...

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IEEE Symposium on Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications

作者： Zonghua Gu S. Kodase Shige Wang K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

We describe an end-to-end tool-chain for model-based design and analysis of component-based embedded real-time software. All aspects of an embedded real-time system are captured in domain-specific models, including software components and architecture, timing and resource constraints, processes and threads, execution platforms, etc. We focus on the AIRES tool, which performs various static analysis tasks based on the models, including system-level dependency analysis, execution rate assignment to component ports, real-time and schedulability analysis, and automated allocation of components to processors. By capturing all relevant information explicitly in the models at the design-level, and performing analysis that provide insight into nonfunctional aspects of the system, we can raise the level of abstraction for the designer, and facilitate rapid system prototyping.

关键词： Real time systems Embedded software Performance analysis Software tools computer architecture Timing Yarn Processor scheduling Information analysis Prototypes

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Improving scalability of task allocation and scheduling in large distributed real-time systems using shared buffers

Improving scalability of task allocation and scheduling in l...

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IEEE Symposium on Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications

作者： S. Kodase Shige Wang Zonghua Gu K.G. Shin Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Real-Time Computing Laboratory University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Scheduling precedence-constrained tasks in a distributed real-time system is an NP-hard problem. As a result, the task allocation and scheduling algorithms that use these heuristics do not scale when applied to large distributed systems. In this paper we propose a novel approach that eliminates inter-task dependencies using shared buffers between dependent tasks. The system correctness, with respect to data-dependency, is ensured by having each dependent task poll the shared buffers at a fixed rate. Tasks can, therefore, be allocated and scheduled independently of their predecessors. To meet the timing constraints of the original dependent-task system, we have developed a method to iteratively derive the polling rates based on end-to-end deadline constraints. The overheads associated with the shared buffers and the polling mechanism are minimized by clustering tasks according to their communication and timing constraints. Our simulation results with the task allocation based on a simple first-fit bin packing algorithm showed that the proposed approach scales almost linearly with the system size, and clustering tasks greatly reduces the polling overhead.

关键词： Scalability Real time systems Processor scheduling Timing Iterative algorithms Distributed computing Computational modeling Laboratories NP-hard problem Scheduling algorithm

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Imaging of cartilage degeneration in vivo using ultrahigh resolution OCT

Imaging of cartilage degeneration in vivo using ultrahigh re...

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European Conference on Biomedical Optics, ECBO 2003

作者： Herz, Paul Bourquin, Stephane Hsiung, Pei-Lin Ko, Tony Schneider, Karl Fujimoto, James Adams, Samuel Roberts, Mark Patel, Nirlep Brezinski, Mark Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA02115 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0819450111

Ultrahigh resolution OCT is used to visualize experimentally induced osteoarthritis in a rat knee model. Using a Cr4+:Forsterite laser, ultrahigh image resolutions of 5um are achieved in vivo. Progression of osteoarthritic remodeling and cartilage degeneration are quantified. The utility of OCT for the assessment of cartilage integrity is demonstrated. © 2003 SPIE-OSA.

关键词： Optical tomography

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The use of polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography and elastography to assess connective tissue

The use of polarization sensitive optical coherence tomograp...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2003

作者： Adams, S.B. Roberts, M.J. Patel, N.A. Plummer, S. Rogowska, J. Stamper, D.L. Fujimoto, J.G. Brezinski, M.E. Department of Orthopedics Brigham and Women's Hospital BostonMA02115 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Orthopedics Harvard Medical School BostonMA02115 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1557527334

We demonstrate the ability of polarization spectroscopy and elastography, in conjunction with optical coherence tomography, to determine the properties of collagen organization in musculoskeletal tissue. Optical coherence tomography images correlated with histologic analysis of collagen. © 2003 OSA/CLEO 2003, © 2002 Optical Society of America.

关键词： Optical tomography

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Identifying and exploiting spatial regularity in data memory references 03

Identifying and exploiting spatial regularity in data memory...

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2003 ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing, SC 2003

作者： Mohan, Tushar De Supinski, Bronis R. McKee, Sally A. Mueller, Frank Yoo, Andy Schulz, Martin Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Future Technologies Group Berkeley CA 94720 United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Center for Applied Scientific Computing Livermore CA 94551 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 United States Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-7534 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581136951

The growing processor/memory performance gap causes the performance of many codes to be limited by memory accesses. If known to exist in an application, strided memory accesses forming streams can be targeted by optimizations such as prefetching, relocation, remapping, and vector loads. Undetected, they can be a significant source of memory stalls in loops. Existing stream-detection mechanisms either require special hardware, which may not gather statistics for subsequent analysis, or are limited to compile-time detection of array accesses in loops. Formally, little treatment has been accorded to the subject;the concept of locality fails to capture the existence of streams in a program's memory accesses. The contributions of this paper are as follows. First, we define spatial regularity as a means to discuss the presence and effects of streams. Second, we develop measures to quantify spatial regularity, and we design and implement an on-line, parallel algorithm to detect streams - and hence regularity - in running applications. Third, we use examples from real codes and common benchmarks to illustrate how derived stream statistics can be used to guide the application of profile-driven optimizations. Overall, we demonstrate the benefits of our novel regularity metric as an instrument to detect potential for code optimizations affecting memory performance. © 2003 ACM.

关键词： Codes (symbols)

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Experiential telepresence: How can telepresence research be guided towards better end user experience?

Experiential telepresence: How can telepresence research be ...

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2003 ACM SIGMM Workshop on Experiential Telepresence, ETP '03

作者： Hayes-Roth, Barbara Henderson, Austin Jain, Ramesh Manovich, Lev Welch, Greg Pingali, Gopal Extempo Systems Inc. United States MIT United States Systems Laboratory in the Advanced Concepts and Technology Group of Pitney Bowes United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States University of California San Diego CA United States Visual Arts Department University of California San Diego CA United States Computer Science Department University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC United States IEEE Computer Society ACM United States IBM T.J. Watson Research Center 19 Skyline Drive Hawthorne NY 10532 United States

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The use of polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography and elastography to assess connective tissue

The use of polarization sensitive optical coherence tomograp...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： S.B. Adams M.J. Roberts N.A. Patel S. Plummer J. Rogowska D.L. Stamper J.G. Fujimoto M.E. Brezinski Department of Orthopedics Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Orthopedics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA

关键词： Optical polarization Optical sensors Tomography Connective tissue Tendons Biomedical optical imaging Birefringence Ligaments Optical imaging Pathology

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Real-time embedded system support for the BTeV level 1 muon trigger

Real-time embedded system support for the BTeV level 1 muon ...

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2003 IEEE Nuclear science Symposium Conference Record - Nuclear science Symposium, medical Imaging Conference

作者： Haney, Michael J. Beauregard, D. Iyer, R. Kalbarczyk, Z. Liu, Q. Wang, L. Haney, M. Selen, M. Mosse, D. Shigiltchoff, O. Chopade, R. Hovey, L. Jung, M. Messie, D. Oh, J. Stone, S. Bapty, T. Neema, S. Nordstrom, S. Shetty, S. Vashishtha, S. Yao, D. Sheldon, P. Vaandering, E. Butler, J. Gottschalk, E. Kowalkowski, J. Votava, M. Appel, J. University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 United States Des./Validation Reliable N.S.R.G. University of Illinois High Energy Physics Group Department of Physics University of Illinois Department of Computer Science Coll. in High Sch. Educ. Program University of Pittsburgh Department of Electrical Engineering Syracuse University High Energy Physics Group Department of Physics Syracuse University Inst. for Software Intgd. Systems Vanderbilt University Department of Physics BTeV Group Vanderbilt University BTeV Collaboration Particle Physics Division Fermi Natl. Accelerator Laboratory Computing Division Fermi Natl. Accelerator Laboratory Fermilab Education Office Fermi Natl. Accelerator Laboratory

The Level 1 Muon Trigger subsystem for BTeV will be implemented using the same architectural building blocks as the BTeV Level 1 Pixel Trigger: pipelined field programmable gate arrays feeding a farm of dedicated processing elements. The muon trigger algorithm identifies candidate tracks, and is sensitive to the muon charge (sign);candidate dimuon events are identified by complementary charge track-pairs. To insure that the trigger is operating effectively, the trigger development team is actively collaborating in an independent multi-university research program for reliable, self-aware, fault adaptive behavior in real-time embedded systems (RTES). Key elements of the architecture, algorithm, performance, and engineered reliability are presented.

关键词： Embedded systems

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Bayesian approach to analysis of protein patterns for identification of myeloma cancer

Bayesian approach to analysis of protein patterns for identi...

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International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC)

作者： G.M. Boratyn T.G. Smolinski M. Milanova J.M. Zurada S. Bhattacharyya L.J. Suva Computational Intelligence Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY USA Department of Computer Science University of Arkansas Little Rock Little Rock AR USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Barton Research Institute University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Barton Research Institute University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA

Early detection is critical in cancer control and prevention. Proteomics is an area in discovery of biomarkers that are molecular parameters associated with presence and severity of specific disease states. Protein samples are analyzed on the basis of mass to charge ratio (m/z) of particles they are composed of. Sequences of intensities (i.e. number of particles with specific value of m/z) can be interpreted using statistical approaches or information theory and data mining tools. The data mining, statistical, and information theoretical approaches have already been successfully applied to identify several types of cancer in gene or protein samples. However, due to small size of training sets and very large dimensionality of this kind of data new approaches that incorporate theoretical information need to be developed. This paper presents an application of Bayesian approach to detection of myeloma cancer sites in a sequence of ion intensity values obtained from protein samples. The use of scoring function developed by authors for calculation of data likelihood is also proposed.

关键词： Bayesian methods Pattern analysis Data mining Cancer detection Proteomics Protein engineering Orthopedic surgery Information theory Diseases Biomarkers

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Improving wait-free algorithms for interprocess communication in embedded real-time systems

Improving wait-free algorithms for interprocess communicatio...

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2002 USENIX Annual Technical Conference

作者： Huang, Hai Pillai, Padmanabhan Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109-2122 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1880446006

Concurrency management is a basic requirement for interprocess communication in any multitasking system. This usually takes the form of lock-based or other blocking algorithms. In real-time and/or time-sensitive systems, the less-predictable timing behavior of lock-based mechanisms and the additional task-execution dependency make synchronization undesirable. Recent research has provided non-blocking and wait-free algorithms for interprocess communication, particularly in the domain of single-writer, multiple-reader semantics, but these algorithms typically incur high costs in terms of computation or space complexity, or both. In this paper, we propose a general transformation mechanism that takes advantage of temporal characteristics of the system to reduce both time and space overheads of current single-writer, multiple-reader algorithms. We show a 17–66% execution time reduction along with a 14–70% memory space reduction when three wait-free algorithms are improved by applying our transformation. We present three new algorithms for wait-free, single-writer, multiple-reader communication along with detailed performance evaluation of nine algorithms under various experimental conditions. © 2002 USENIX Association. All rights reserved.

关键词： Locks (fasteners)

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