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IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA)

作者： K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

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Refined design of random early detection gateways

Refined design of random early detection gateways

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IEEE Conference and Exhibition on Global Telecommunications (GLOBECOM)

作者： H. Wang K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Random early detection (RED) was proposed as an active gateway queue-management mechanism. This paper proposes to alter the RED design guideline that unconditionally allows transient congestion, and evaluates its impacts. This unconditional allowance of transient congestion is shown to be harmful when the queue is near full, because it causes buffer overflow at a gateway. Buffer overflow at a gateway leads to the global synchronization and oscillation of traffic load on the network. To effectively prevent buffer overflow at a gateway, the RED framework is refined in such a way that the gateway can detect a transient congestion in a timely manner and take actions to quench it when the queue is near full. Based on our simulation results, two enhancements are made in estimating average queue size. Equipped with these enhancements, the refined RED can strike a good balance between the allowance of transient bursty traffic and the avoidance of buffer overflow. Using extensive simulations, the refined RED is comparatively evaluated against and is shown to be superior to the original RED.

关键词： Traffic control Internet Bandwidth Buffer overflow Laboratories Guidelines Telecommunication traffic Explosives Transport protocols Aggregates

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Applicability of cyclic-memory networks and IEEE 1394 for fine motion control and arcade games

Applicability of cyclic-memory networks and IEEE 1394 for fi...

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IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA)

作者： K. Matsuda K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Motion control and arcade games require a high bandwidth and periodic transfers to meet the needs of more precise control of motors, and more players and more complex graphics in arcade games. There is a common-memory architecture called "Cyclic Memory" because the data is refreshed periodically which is well known in the field of real-time systems. IEEE 1394 has been drawing considerable attention as the need for connecting audio/visual electronics with a unified fast interface increases. We discuss the feasibility of Cyclic Memory on the IEEE 1394 with its isochronous mode. By analyzing the requirements of two prototypical applications, we evaluate the performance and other capabilities of IEEE 1394 and the other networks that have the functionality of Cyclic Memory and discuss their applicability. We also discuss the network reliability based on IEEE 1394 when it is applied to an actual motion control system.

关键词： Motion control Bandwidth FDDI Media Access Protocol Access protocols Memory architecture Joining processes Hardware Ethernet networks computer networks

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Integrated frameworks for multi-level and multi-formalism modeling

Integrated frameworks for multi-level and multi-formalism mo...

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International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models (PNPM)

作者： W.H. Sanders Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana IL USA

There have been significant advances in methods for specifying and solving models that aim to predict the performance and dependability of computer systems and networks. At the same time, however, there have been dramatic increases in the complexity of the systems whose performance and dependability must be evaluated, and considerable increases in the expectations of analysts that use performance/dependability evaluation tools. This paper briefly reviews the progress that has been made in the development of performance/dependability evaluation tools, and argues that the next important step is the creation of modeling frameworks and software environments that support multi-level, multi-formalism modeling and multiple solution methods within a single integrated framework. In addition, this paper presents an overview of the Mobius project, which aims to provide a modeling framework and software environment that support multiple modeling formalisms, methods for model composition and connection, and a way to integrate multiple analytical/numerical- and simulation-based model solution methods. Finally, it suggests research that must take place to make this aim a reality, and thus facilitate the performance and dependability evaluation of complex computer systems and networks.

关键词： Hardware Application software Software tools Stochastic processes Petri nets Contracts Satellites Costs Computational modeling Analytical models

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Fault injection based on a partial view of the global state of a distributed system

Fault injection based on a partial view of the global state ...

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Reliable Distributed Systems

作者： M. Cukier R. Chandra D. Henke J. Pistole W.H. Sanders Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

This paper describes the basis for and preliminary implementation of a new fault injector, called Loki, developed specifically for distributed systems. Loki addresses issues related to injecting correlated faults in distributed systems. In Loki, fault injection is performed based on a partial view of the global state of an application. In particular, facilities are provided to pass user-specified state information between nodes to provide a partial view of the global state in order to try to inject complex faults successfully. A post-runtime analysis, using an off-line clock synchronization and a bounding technique, is used to place events and injections on a single global time-line and determine whether the intended faults were properly injected. Finally, observations containing successful fault injections are used to estimate specified dependability measures. In addition to describing the details of our new approach, we present experimental results obtained from a preliminary implementation in order to illustrate Loki's ability to inject complex faults predictably.

关键词： Control systems Contracts Distributed computing Protocols Visualization Performance evaluation Writing

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From computing with numbers to computing with words. manipulation of measurements to manipulation of perceptions

From computing with numbers to computing with words. manipul...

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Processing and Manufacturing of Materials, IPMM

作者： L.A. Zadeh Professor in the Graduate School and Director Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing (BISC) Computer Science Division and the Electronics Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA USA

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In vivo imaging of osteoarthritic changes with optical coherence tomography

In vivo imaging of osteoarthritic changes with optical coher...

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Biomedical Topical Meeting, BIOMED 1999

作者： Li, Xingde Ghanta, Ravi Herrmann, Jurgen Pitris, Costas Drexler, Wolfgang Jesser, Christine Golden, David Martin, Scott Brezinski, Mark Fujimoto, James G. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA02114 United States Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA02115 United States

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Data management for large-scale scientific computations in high performance distributed systems

Data management for large-scale scientific computations in h...

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International Symposium on High Performance Distributed computing

作者： A. Choudhary M. Kandemir H. Nagesh J. No X. Shen V. Taylor S. More R. Thakur Center for Parallel and Distributed Computing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL USA

With the increasing number of scientific applications manipulating huge amounts of data, effective data management is an increasingly important problem. Unfortunately, so far the solutions to this data management problem either require deep understanding of specific storage architectures and file layouts (as in high-performance file systems) or produce unsatisfactory I/O performance in exchange for ease-of-use and portability (as in relational DBMSs). In this paper we present a new environment which is built around an active meta-data management system (MDMS). The key components of our three-tiered architecture are user application, the MDMS, and a hierarchical storage system (HSS). Our environment overcomes the performance problems of pure database-oriented solutions, while maintaining their advantages in terms of ease-of-use and portability. The high levels of performance are achieved by the MDMS, with the aid of user-specified directives. Our environment supports a simple, easy-to-use yet powerful user interface, leaving the task of choosing appropriate I/O techniques to the MDMS. We discuss the importance of an active MDMS and show how the three components, namely application, the MDMS, and the HSS, fit together. We also report performance numbers from our initial implementation and illustrate that significant improvements are made possible without undue programming effort.

关键词： Large-scale systems Distributed computing High performance computing Data visualization engineering management Concurrent computing Relational databases Art Data analysis Image analysis

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Proximal femoral density patterns are consistent with bicentric joint loads

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computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical engineering 1999年第4期2卷 271-283页

作者： Fischer, Kenneth J. Jacobs, Christopher R. Levenston, Marc E. Cody, Dianna D. Carters, Dennis R. Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Department of Orthopaedics Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory Pennsylvania State University School of Medicine Hershey PA 17033 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Continuum Elect romechanics Mhoratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Hershey MA 02139 United States Department of Diagnostic Radiology Division of Radiologic Physics and Engineering Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI 48202 United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Rehabilitation Research and Development Center Palo Alto CA 94304-1200 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University Biomechanical Engineering Program Stanford CA 94305-402 United States

We developed an alternate method for density-based load estimation and applied it to estimate hip joint load distributions for two femora. Two-dimensional finite element models were constructed from single energy quantitative computed tomography (QCT) data. Load estimation was performed using five loading regions on the femoral head. Within each loading region, individual nodal loads, normal to the local surface, were supplied as input to the load estimation. An optimization procedure independently adjusted individual nodal load magnitudes in each region, and the magnitudes of muscle forces on the greater trochanter, such that the applied tissue stimulus approached the reference stimulus throughout the model. Dominant estimated load resultant directions were generally consistent with published experimental data for loads during gait. The estimated loads also suggested that loads near the extremes of the articulating surface may be important (even required) for development and maintenance of normal bone architecture. Estimated load distributions within nearly all regions predicted bicentric loading patterns, which are consistent with observations of hip joint incongruity. Remodeling simulations with the estimated loads predicted density distributions with features qualitatively similar to the QCT data sets. This study illustrates how applications of density-based bone load estimation can improve understanding of dominant loading patterns in other bones and joints. The prediction of bicentric loading suggests a very fine level of local adaptation to details of joint loading. © 1999 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V.

关键词： Finite element method

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Proteus: a flexible infrastructure to implement adaptive fault tolerance in AQuA

Proteus: a flexible infrastructure to implement adaptive fau...

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Dependable computing for Critical Applications 7

作者： C. Sabnis M. Cukier J. Ren P. Rubel W.H. Sanders D.E. Bakken D. Karr Center of Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana IL USA BBN Technologies GTE Cambridge MA USA

Building dependable distributed systems from commercial off-the-shelf components is of growing practical importance. For both cost and production reasons, there is interest in approaches and architectures that facilitate building such systems. The AQuA architecture is one such approach; its goal is to provide adaptive fault tolerance to CORBA applications by replicating objects, providing a high-level method for applications to specify their desired dependability, and providing a dependability manager that attempts to reconfigure a system at runtime so that dependability requests are satisfied. This paper describes how dependability is provided in AQuA. In particular it describes Proteus, the part of AQuA that dynamically manages replicated distributed objects to make them dependable. Given a dependability request, Proteus chooses a fault tolerance approach and reconfigures the system to try to meet the request. The infrastructure of Proteus is described in this paper, along with its use in implementing active replication and a simple dependability policy.

关键词： Fault tolerance Quality of service Buildings Application software Costs Fault tolerant systems Hardware Contracts Distributed computing High performance computing

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