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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： P. Prabhakaran P. Banerjee Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL USA Center for Parallel and Distributed Computing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA

With small device features in submicron technologies, interconnection delays play a dominant part in cycle time. Hence, it is important to consider the impact of physical design during high level synthesis. In comparison to a traditional approach which separates high-level synthesis from physical design, an algorithm which is able to make these stages interact very closely, would result in solutions with lower latency and area. However, such an approach could result in increased runtimes. Parallel processing is an attractive way of reducing the runtimes. In this paper, two parallel algorithms for simultaneous scheduling, binding and floorplanning algorithm are presented. A detailed hardware model is considered, taking into account multiplexor and register areas and delays. Experimental results are reported on an IBM SP-2 multicomputer, with close to linear speedups for a set of benchmark circuits.

关键词： Parallel algorithms High level synthesis Runtime Integrated circuit interconnections Delay effects Algorithm design and analysis Parallel processing Scheduling algorithm Hardware Registers

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Real Time Imaging of Laser Intervention with Optical Coherence Tomography

Real Time Imaging of Laser Intervention with Optical Coheren...

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Topical Meeting on Therapeutic Laser Applications, TLA 1998

作者： Herrmann, Jürgen M. Boppart, Stephen A. Bouma, Brett E. Tearney, Gary J. Pitris, Costas Brezinski, Mark E. Fujimoto, James G. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA02114 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1557525471

The ability to visualize changes within tissue during surgical procedures will improve feedback to the surgeon permitting intraoperative adjustments in protocol. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a biomedical imaging technology based on the detection of near-infrared optical backscatter from tissue. Fast scanning optical coherence tomography, capable of imaging at 8 frames per second, is introduced for real-time monitoring of surgical interventions with micron-scale resolution. Ablation and thermal effects of argon laser exposure are examined in different tissues, illustrating one example of an interventional procedure. Integration of high-speed OCT imaging with an incisional or ablative device suggests that this technology may be useful for assessing intraoperative dynamics of tissue ablation. © 1997 Optical Society of America.

关键词： Tissue

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In-Vivo Catheter-Based Imaging with Optical Coherence Tomography

In-Vivo Catheter-Based Imaging with Optical Coherence Tomogr...

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Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration, AOIPM 1998

作者： Pitris, Costas Patwari, Parth Boppart, Stephen A. Bouma, Brett E. Tearney, Gary J. Fujimoto, James G. Brezinski, Mark E. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Masachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Cardiac Unit Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA02114 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1557525463

The high incidence and mortality rate associated with complications resulting from coronary artery atherosclerosis dictate an important and immediate need for a new, high resolution, diagnostic imaging technology that would allow characterization of artery microstructure with a micron scale resolution. OCT allows catheter based, cross-sectional imaging of blood vessels with a 10-20 µm resolution and is ideally suited for in vivo imaging of arterial structure. Recently, OCT imaging was extended to in vitro pathology, including multiple studies on atherosclerotic arteries. OCT has also been directly compared with a 30 MHz, IVUS transducer. In addition to qualitatively superior resolution with respect to imaging plaque, OCT was demonstrated to be quantitatively superior. In vivo imaging was performed on normal, New Zealand White rabbits using a novel rapid data acquisition system which allows imaging at 4 frames per second. This work, focusing on dynamic changes, demonstrates that high resolution intravascular imaging can be performed in vivo using optical coherence tomography. Images at 10 µm resolution were obtained, representing an improvement of over lOX that of 'state of the art' IVUS transducers. © 1998 Optical Society of America.

关键词： Ultrasonics

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AQuA: an adaptive architecture that provides dependable distributed objects

AQuA: an adaptive architecture that provides dependable dist...

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Reliable Distributed Systems

作者： M. Cukier J. Ren C. Sabnis D. Henke J. Pistole W.H. Sanders D.E. Bakken M.E. Berman D.A. Karr R.E. Schantz Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory and Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA BBN Technologies Inc. Cambridge MA USA

Dependable distributed systems are difficult to build. This is particularly true if they have dependability requirements that change during the execution of an application, and are built with commercial off-the-shelf hardware. In that case, fault tolerance must be achieved using middleware software, and mechanisms must be provided to communicate the dependability requirements of a distributed application to the system and to adapt the system's configuration to try to achieve the desired dependability. The AQuA architecture allows distributed applications to request a desired level of availability using the Quality Objects (QuO) framework and includes a dependability manager that attempts to meet requested availability levels by configuring the system in response to outside requests and changes in system resources due to faults. The AQuA architecture uses the QuO runtime to process and invoke availability requests, the Proteus dependability manager to configure the system in response to faults and availability requests, and the Ensemble protocol stack to provide group communication services. Furthermore, a CORBA interface is provided to application objects using the AQuA gateway. The gateway provides a mechanism to translate between process-level communication, as supported by Ensemble, and IIOP messages, understood by Object Request Brokers. Both active and passive replication are supported, and the replication type to use is chosen based on the performance and dependability requirements of particular distributed applications.

关键词： Availability Application software computer architecture Hardware Fault tolerant systems Middleware Communication system software Quality management Resource management Runtime

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Segmentation of dermatoscopic images by stabilized inverse diffusion equations

Segmentation of dermatoscopic images by stabilized inverse d...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Jianbo Gao Jun Zhang M.G. Fleming I. Pollak A.B. Cognetta Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wisconsin Milwaukee USA Department of Dermatology Medical College USA Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA Tallahassee FL USA

Several segmentation techniques were evaluated for their effectiveness in distinguishing lesion from background in dermatoscopic images of pigmented lesions (moles and melanomas). These included 5 techniques previously used for segmentation of pigmented lesions, and several new techniques based on stabilized inverse diffusion equations (SIDE) and Markov random fields (MRF). Novel multiresolution implementations of the SIDE and MRF algorithms were created for this work. Techniques based on the SIDE and MRF algorithms produced the most accurate segmentations.

关键词： Image segmentation Lesions Pigmentation Malignant tumors Equations Markov random fields

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Training environment for inferior vena caval filter placement

Training environment for inferior vena caval filter placemen...

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6th Conferenc on Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, MMVR 1998

作者： Hahn, James K. Kaufman, Roger Winick, Adam B. Carleton, Thurston Park, Youngser Lindeman, Rob Oh, Kwang-Man Ai-Ghreimil, Nadia Walsh, Raymond J. Loew, Murray Gerber, Joanne Sankar, Siddarth Laboratory for Advanced Computer Applications in Medicine Institute for Computer Graphics George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States Department of Radiology George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States Institute for Medical Imaging and Image Analysis George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9051993862

This paper describes a Virtual Environment system designed to aid in training interventional radiologists in inferior vena cava filter placement. It is being developed as part of a VE simulator for a number of surgical and interventional radiology procedures at the laboratory for Advanced computer Applications in Medicine at the George Washington University. In this procedure a filter is placed in the inferior vena cava to prevent blood clots from the lower portion of the body from reaching the lungs and causing a pulmonary embolus. The simulation is designed to provide both tutorial and testing modes for the filter placement procedure.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland - Section of Bioengineering - Proceedings of meeting held in Dundalk, Co. Louth, in February 1998.

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IRISH JOURNAL OF medical science 1998年第4期167卷 256-276页

作者： [Anonymous] Orthopaedic Research Unit The Queen’s University of Belfast School of Biomedical Sciences The Queen’s University of Belfast Howmedica International Ltd. Raheen Industrial Estate Limerick Department of Mechanical Engineering Trinity College Dublin 2 Mater Hospital Dublin 7 Orthopaedic Research Laboratory Århus University Hospital Denmark University of Limerick Limerick Limerick Regional Hospital Raheen Limerick Boston Scientific Ireland Ltd. Galway Department of Mechanical Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Bioengineering Research Centre Department of Mechanical Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Northern Ireland Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC) School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering University of Ulster Newtownabbey Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering The Ashby Building The Queen’s University of Belfast Johnson and Johnson Professional Orthopaedic Division Queensway England Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical Physics & Bioengineering St. James’s Hospital Dublin 8 Burke House Ellison Street Castlebar Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Department of Surgery Beaumont Hospital Dublin Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Trinity College Dublin 2 Department of Aeronautical Engineering The Queen’s University of Belfast Vascular Unit Belfast City Hospital Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering St. James’s Hospital Dublin 8 Centre for Biomedical Electronics Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Limerick Limerick Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering University of Limerick Limerick School of Health Sciences University of Ulster Ireland School of Physiotherapy University of Ulster Newtownabbey Clinical Engineering NI Medical Physics Agency Belfast and Radiology Royal Victoria Hospital Musgrave Park Hospital University of Limerick Biomedical Institute (ULBMI) Uni

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Optical Coherence Tomographic Imaging of In Vivo Cellular Dynamics

Optical Coherence Tomographic Imaging of In Vivo Cellular Dy...

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Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration, AOIPM 1998

作者： Bopvart, Stephen A. Bouma, Brett E. Pitris, Costas Southern, James F. Brezinski, Mark E. Fujimoto, James G. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Masachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Pathology Department The Children's Hospital BostonMA United States Cardiac Unit Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA02114 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1557525463

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging technology capable of cellular resolutions. OCT is based on the detection of backscattered near infrared laser radiation and is analogous to ultrasound B-mode imaging except reflections of light are detected rather than sound. Using the Xenopus laevis (African frog) developmental biology animal model, in vivo mitotic activity of differentiating mesenchymal cells was imaged throughout the cell cycle. Individual cell nuclei and membranes were identified with OCT free-space resolutions of 5 µm. Cell migration was observed by tracking neural crest melanocytes within nontransparent Xenopus specimens which may be relevant in developmental and molecular biology. Cell morphology was confirmed with corresponding histology. Optical coherence tomography may have the potential for imaging in vivo cellular morphology in humans for the early detection of neoplastic changes. © 1998 Optical Society of America.

关键词： Optical tomography

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Statistical real-time channels on multiaccess bus networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 1997年第8期8卷 769-780页

作者： Chou, CC Shin, KG the Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan

Real-time communication with performance guarantees is expected to become an important and necessary feature of future computer networks. In this paper, we present a scheme which can provide real-time communication services with both absolute and statistical performance guarantees on multiaccess bus networks for given input traffic characteristics and performance requirements. The proposed scheme reserves network bandwidth for real-time connections according to their needs. It also allows for independent addition and deletion of real-time connections while preserving existing guarantees. Our extensive simulation results for motion video communication have shown the proposed scheme to outperform the other well-known schemes.

关键词： real-time communication real-time connection/channel multimedia systems FieldBus (SP50) multiaccess networks digital video transmission

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A fast algorithm for the minimax flow problem with 0/1 weights

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APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS 1997年第1期10卷 11-16页

作者： Han, CC Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2122 U.S.A.

In this paper, we define the minimax flow problem and design an O(k . M(n, m)) time optimal algorithm for a special case of the problem in which the weights on arcs are either O or 1, where n is the number of vertices, m is the number of arcs, k (where 1 less than or equal to k less than or equal to m) is the number of arcs with nonzero weights, and M(n;m) is the best time bound for finding a maximum flow in a network.

关键词： design and analysis of algorithms f-saturated critical arcs maximum flow minimax flow residual network

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