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Covert Communications with Enhanced Physical Layer Security in RIS-Assisted Cooperative Networks

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Li, Xingwang Liu, Musen Dang, Shuping Luong, Nguyen Cong Yuen, Chau Nallanathan, Arumugam Niyato, Dusit Henan Polytechnic University School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Jiaozuo454003 China Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Jiaozuo Key Laboratory of Crow-Sensing Network Jiaozuo454003 China University of Bristol School of Electrical Electronic and Mechanical Engineering BristolBS8 1UB United Kingdom Phenikaa University Faculty of Computer Science Hanoi12116 Viet Nam Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 639798 Singapore Queen Mary University of London School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science London United Kingdom Kyung Hee University Department of Electronic Engineering Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of Nanyang Technological University Singapore College of Computing and Data Science 639798 Singapore

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) technologies are recognized for their programmability and high energy efficiency respectively, which will be the key parts of the future sixth generation (6G) mobile communication technology. The combination of the two technologies can improve communication security by reducing the probability of detection and decoding through enhanced transmission and backscatter transmission in different communication slots. In this paper, a dual-function RIS that supports cooperative relaying for covert communications is proposed. It operates in different communication slots (enhanced transmission slot and backscatter slot), but the performance is affected by phase errors due to function switching. A source covertly communicates with an intended destination via the help of RIS and cooperative relay. There is an illegal monitor aims to detect and eavesdrop the covert message. For this system, the outage probability (OP), intercept probability (IP), and detection error probability (DEP) in different communication slots are derived to examine the system reliability and security. Moreover, the system security probability (SSP) is proposed, and a block coordinated ascent (BCA)-based iterative algorithm is used to jointly optimize the power allocation coefficients to maximize the SSP. Simulation results show that increasing the number of elements can improve the security performance and mitigate the negative impact of RIS phase errors. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile telecommunication systems

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Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging for Radiotherapy Treatment Monitoring in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging for Radiotherapy Treatment Mon...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Debamitra Chakraborty Bradley N. Mills Jing Cheng Ivan Komissarov Scott Gerber Roman Sobolewski Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester Rochester New York Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester Rochester New York Department of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

Terahertz time-domain imaging was performed of stereotactic body radiotherapy-treated murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with a high spatial resolution. To generate 2D maps of the tissue samples, the refractive index and absorption coefficient were used as imaging markers extracted with the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) estimation algorithm. The results were then compared with the terahertz maps of untreated murine PDAC tissue samples and demonstrated that terahertz imaging can probe physical changes with high sensitivity in the tissue post treatment.

关键词： Maximum a posteriori estimation Terahertz wave imaging Laser theory Sensitivity Refractive index Radiation therapy Time-domain analysis Spatial resolution Probes Monitoring

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Simplify Implant Depth Prediction as Video Grounding: A Texture Perceive Implant Depth Prediction Network

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Xinquan Li, Xuguang Luo, Xiaoling Zeng, Leilei Zhang, Yudi Shen, Linlin Deng, Yongqiang College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China AI Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Diagnosis Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China Department of Stomatology Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen China

Surgical guide plate is an important tool for the dental implant surgery. However, the design process heavily relies on the dentist to manually simulate the implant angle and depth. When deep neural networks have been applied to assist the dentist quickly locates the implant position, most of them are not able to determine the implant depth. Inspired by the video grounding task which localizes the starting and ending time of the target video segment, in this paper, we simplify the implant depth prediction as video grounding and develop a Texture Perceive Implant Depth Prediction Network (TPNet), which enables us to directly output the implant depth without complex measurements of oral bone. TPNet consists of an implant region detector (IRD) and an implant depth prediction network (IDPNet). IRD is an object detector designed to crop the candidate implant volume from the CBCT, which greatly saves the computation resource. IDPNet takes the cropped CBCT data to predict the implant depth. A Texture Perceive Loss (TPL) is devised to enable the encoder of IDPNet to perceive the texture variation among slices. Extensive experiments on a large dental implant dataset demonstrated that the proposed TPNet achieves superior performance than the existing methods. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Performance Optimization of Semantic Communications with Heterogeneous Knowledge: An Adversarial Reinforcement Learning Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Communications 2025年

作者： Zhang, Jiantong Zhu, Yujiao Luo, Tao Zhang, Zhilong Hu, Ye Chen, Mingzhe Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Network Beijing 100876 China University of Miami Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Coral Gables 33146 FL United States University of Miami Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Data Science and Computing Coral Gables 33146 FL United States

In this paper, a semantic communication framework where the transmitter and the receiver possess different knowledge (i.e., different methods to extract semantic information and regenerate source data) is investigated. In the proposed framework, the transmitter extracts semantic information according to its knowledge, and the receiver processes the received semantic information based on its own knowledge. To ensure the receiver can understand the semantic information as anticipated, the transmitter will ask a series of questions to estimate the receiver’s knowledge and adjust the method of semantic information extraction according to the estimation. Due to the limited wireless resources and communication time, the size of the extracted semantic information and the number of questions that the transmitter can ask are limited. This problem is formulated as an optimization problem whose goal is to maximize worse case answer similarities over semantic generation and question selection decisions. More specifically, the transmitter aims to ask the questions to pinpoint the largest knowledge divergence and adjusts its semantic generation method to minimize this divergence. An adversarial reinforcement learning (ARL) inspired algorithm, combined with a matching network, is designed to achieve such opposite goals by searching the optimal semantic information generation scheme and question selection scheme in an adversarial manner. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework can improve the semantic similarity of answers by up to 5.5% gain and can achieve up to 10.7% gain in terms of the average similarity of texts compared to the algorithm without knowledge estimation. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： adversarial reinforcement learning (ARL) knowledge estimation question answering (QA) Semantic communications semantic similarity

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Empirical Measurements of AI Training Power Demand on a GPU-Accelerated Node

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Latif, Imran Newkirk, Alex C. Carbone, Matthew R. Munir, Arslan Lin, Yuewei Koomey, Jonathan Yu, Xi Dong, Zhihua Computing and Data Sciences Directorate Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY United States Building Technology and Urban Systems Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Florida Atlantic University Boca RatonFL United States Koomey Analytics San FranciscoCA United States

The expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has driven substantial investment in computational infrastructure, especially by cloud computing providers. Quantifying the energy footprint of this infrastructure requires models parameterized by the power demand of AI hardware during training. We empirically measured the instantaneous power draw of an 8-GPU NVIDIA H100 HGX node during the training of open-source image classifier (ResNet) and large-language models (Llama2-13b). The maximum observed power draw was approximately 8.4 kW, 18% lower than the manufacturer-rated 10.2 kW, even with GPUs near full utilization. Holding model architecture constant, increasing batch size from 512 to 4096 images for ResNet reduced total training energy consumption by a factor of 4. These findings can inform capacity planning for data center operators and energy use estimates by researchers. Future work will investigate the impact of cooling technology and carbon-aware scheduling on AI workload energy consumption. © 2024, CC BY.

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A Unified Framework for Foreground and Anonymization Area Segmentation in CT and MRI Data

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Nohel, Michal Ulrich, Constantin Suprijadi, Jonathan Wald, Tassilo Maier-Hein, Klaus Division of Medical Image Computing Heidelberg Germany Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic University hospital Ostrava Department of Deputy director for science research and education Czech Republic Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Department of Radiation Oncology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg A partnership between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Germany

This study presents an open-source toolkit to address critical challenges in preprocessing data for self-supervised learning (SSL) for 3D medical imaging, focusing on data privacy and computational efficiency. The toolkit comprises two main components: a segmentation network that delineates foreground regions to optimize data sampling and thus reduce training time, and a segmentation network that identifies anonymized regions, preventing erroneous supervision in reconstructionbased SSL methods. Experimental results demonstrate high robustness, with mean Dice scores exceeding 98.5 across all anonymization methods and surpassing 99.5 for foreground segmentation tasks, highlighting the toolkit's efficacy in supporting SSL applications in 3D medical imaging for both CT and MRI images. The weights and code is available at https://***/MIC-DKFZ/Foreground-and- Anonymization-Area-Segmentation. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Operation-Level Performance Benchmarking of Graph Neural Networks for Scientific Applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hosseini, Ryien Simini, Filippo Vishwanath, Venkatram Argonne Leadership Computing Facility Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States

As Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) increase in popularity for scientific machine learning, their training and inference efficiency is becoming increasingly critical. Additionally, the deep learning field as a whole is trending towards wider and deeper networks, and ever increasing data sizes, to the point where hard hardware bottlenecks are often encountered. Emerging specialty hardware platforms provide an exciting solution to this problem. In this paper, we systematically profile and select low-level operations pertinent to GNNs for scientific computing implemented in the Pytorch Geometric software framework. These are then rigorously benchmarked on NVIDIA A100 GPUs for several various combinations of input values, including tensor sparsity. We then analyze these results for each operation. At a high level, we conclude that on NVIDIA systems: (1) confounding bottlenecks such as memory inefficiency often dominate runtime costs moreso than data sparsity alone, (2) native Pytorch operations are often as or more competitive than their Pytorch Geometric equivalents, especially at low to moderate levels of input data sparsity, and (3) many operations central to state-of-the-art GNN architectures have little to no optimization for sparsity. We hope that these results serve as a baseline for those developing these operations on specialized hardware and that our subsequent analysis helps to facilitate future software and hardware based optimizations of these operations and thus scalable GNN performance as a whole. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Evaluating Electric Vehicle Charging Impacts on Distribution Grid Stability and Efficiency Through Adaptive Load Management Strategies

Evaluating Electric Vehicle Charging Impacts on Distribution...

引用

Intelligent Control, computing and Communications (IC3), International Conference on

作者： V. Janakiraman Sabbir Ahmad Revathi V Amit Dutt K.Pushpa Rani Taqi Mohammed Khattab Al-Rubaye Phaneendra babu Bobba Department of Electrical Electronics & Communication Engineering Galgotias university Gerater Noida Uttar Pradesh India Department of Electronics Engineering University Polytechnic F/O Engineering & Tech Jamia Millia Islamia India Department of Applied Sciences New Horizon College of Engineering Bangalore India Lovely Professional University Phagwara India Department of Computer Science and Engineering MLR Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana India Department of Medical Laboratory Technology College of Medical Technologies The Islamic University Najaf Iraq Department of EEE GRIET Hyderabad Telangana India

ISBN: (数字)9798331527495

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527501

The high growth rates of the EV market create complex issues for distribution grids, forcing a detailed examination of grid responses at high rates of EV deployment. This paper seeks to elucidate the effects of EV charging on the distribution grid stability With this, the impact of the pod on voltage fluctuations, line load, and power loss is assessed using the IEEE 37-bus system. Load patterns of EV charging stations are consequently simulated successfully by a number of real and statistically created synthetic data sources, which truly represent averaged fluctuations in load. The study looks at several charging methods of the EV, such as time of use and smart charging, to determine their impact on the grids. Furthermore, the utilization of renewable energy sources for improving the aspects of grid reliability is explored. Regarding performance aspects related to the expansion of widespread EV charging and the efficiency of the applied measures for grid stabilization, the results of this study offer beneficial information.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Fluctuations Voltage fluctuations Power system stability Stability analysis Voltage control Vehicle dynamics Thermal stability Smart charging Synthetic data

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Exploring the Role of Large Language Models in Cybersecurity: A Systematic Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Tian, Shuang Zhang, Tao Liu, Jiqiang Wang, Jiacheng Wu, Xuangou Zhu, Xiaoqiang Zhang, Ruichen Zhang, Weiting Yuan, Zhenhui Mao, Shiwen Kim, Dong In School of Software Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China School of Cyberspace Science and Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore School of Computer Science and Technology An hui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Twin Technology in Metallurgical Industry Anhui University of Technology Anhui243002 China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China School of Engineering University of Warwick CoventryCV4 7AL United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL36849-5201 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Information and Communication Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

—With the rapid development of technology and the acceleration of digitalisation, the frequency and complexity of cyber security threats are increasing. Traditional cybersecurity approaches, often based on static rules and predefined scenarios, are struggling to adapt to the rapidly evolving nature of modern cyberattacks. There is an urgent need for more adaptive and intelligent defence strategies. The emergence of Large Language Model (LLM) provides an innovative solution to cope with the increasingly severe cyber threats, and its potential in analysing complex attack patterns, predicting threats and assisting real-time response has attracted a lot of attention in the field of cybersecurity, and exploring how to effectively use LLM to defend against cyberattacks has become a hot topic in the current research field. This survey examines the applications of LLM from the perspective of the cyber attack lifecycle, focusing on the three phases of defense reconnaissance, foothold establishment, and lateral movement, and it analyzes the potential of LLMs in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) tasks. Meanwhile, we investigate how LLM-based security solutions are deployed and applied in different network scenarios. It also summarizes the internal and external risk issues faced by LLM during its application. Finally, this survey also points out the facing risk issues and possible future research directions in this domain. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cyber attacks

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An improved deep convolutionary neural network for bone marrow cancer detection using image processing

引用

Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2023年 38卷

作者： Ramasamy, Manjula Devi Dhanaraj, Rajesh Kumar Pani, Subhendu Kumar Das, Rashmi Prava Movassagh, Ali Akbar Gheisari, Mehdi Liu, Yang Porkar, P. Banu, Sabitha Department of Computer Science and Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology India School of Computing Science and Engineering Galgotias University India Krupajal Engineering College Biju Patnaik University of Technology Odisha India Department of Computer Science and Engineering CV Raman Global University Bhubaneswar India Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tehran University of medical sciences Tehran Iran Department of Computer Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies China Department of Cognitive Computing Institute of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India Young researchers and elite club Islamic Azad University Parand Iran

Bone Marrow Cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the stem cells of the bone marrow that are responsible for blood formation. AML(Acute Myeloid Leukaemia) and MM(Multiple Myeloma) are both types of malignancy that can affect bone marrow. Conventionally, the process was carried out manually by a skilled professional in a considerable amount of time. Hence, in order to provide accurate treatment, a better diagnosis technique is required. In this regard, the suggested study has improved a unique technique, specifically classification and segmentation, allowing for the identification of more intricate disorders. The study's findings on the accuracy of cancer cell identification, as well as the decrease in the possibility of false alarm rates, continue to fall on the negative side of the outcome spectrum, according to the researchers. The hybrid approach has been proposed in this article that includes deep convolutional neural networks, hyperparameter sets utilising adaptive multi-objective CAT algorithms and other image processing techniques. To train the suggested model, it is critical to use previously processed cell images. The suggested model is then used to train an Optimized Convolutional Neural Network (OCNN), which is then used to determine the type of tumour identified in the bone area. The SN-AM datasets were thoroughly examined, and a number of presentation measures, such as accuracy (recall), F1-score, and specificity (specificity), were generated and analysed. When it came to predicting different types of cancer, researchers observed that they had an overall accuracy of 99.45 percent. In terms of recognizing the sorts of cancer cells, the proposed model surpassed all existing learning models. © 2023

关键词： Bone marrow CAT Algorithm Leukaemia Multiple myeloma Optimized convolutional neural network

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