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Biosyncretic robotic systems:Comprehensive construction,application,and future challenges

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 1-23页

作者： Qi ZHANG Chuang ZHANG Lianchao YANG Hengshen QIN Yiwei ZHANG Ying ZHAO Lianqing LIU State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of General Surgery Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 117004China

Owing to the deep integration of biological and electromechanical systems,biosyncretic robotic systems have emerged as a significant research interest in *** study presents the latest related research featuring various biological *** the classification of biosyncretic robotic systems,the key technologies for construction are elucidated and summarized,including comprehensive structural design,fabrication,and behavior control ***,emphasis has been placed on their applications,particularly within the biomedical ***,the challenges are summarized,and their future developments are envisioned.

关键词： biosyncretic robots biohybrid robots bioactuators cell actuation living machines

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Semi-Autonomous Navigation Based on Local Semantic Map for Mobile Robot

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2025年第1期30卷 27-33页

作者： ZHAO Yanfei XIAO Peng WANG Jingchuan GUO Rui Department of Automation Institute of Medical RoboticsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China State Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of ChinaShanghai200240China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai200240China State Grid Intelligence Technology Co. Ltd.Jinan250013China

Mobile robots represented by smart wheelchairs can assist elderly people with mobility *** paper proposes a multi-mode semi-autonomous navigation system based on a local semantic map for mobile robots,which can assist users to implement accurate navigation(e.g.,docking)in the environment without prior *** order to overcome the problem of repeated oscillations during the docking of traditional local path planning algorithms,this paper adopts a mode-switching method and uses feedback control to perform docking when approaching semantic *** last,comparative experiments were carried out in the real *** show that our method is superior in terms of safety,comfort and docking accuracy.

关键词： semi-autonomous navigation mobile robot semantic map voice interaction

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Towards Autonomous Cardiac Ultrasound Scanning: Combining Physician Expertise and Machine Intelligence

IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics

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IEEE Transactions on medical robotics and Bionics 2025年第2期7卷 782-792页

作者： Hao, Mingrui Zhang, Pengcheng Hou, Xilong Gu, Xiaolin Zhou, Xiao-Hu Hou, Zeng-Guang Chen, Chen Wang, Shuangyi Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences National Key Laboratory for Multi-Modal Artificial Intelligence Systems Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing100043 China Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Hong Kong Hong Kong Lingshu Medical Company Suzhou215123 China

Echocardiography serves as a prevalent modality for both heart disease diagnosis and procedural guidance in medical applications. Nevertheless, the conventional echocardiography examination heavily relies on the manual dexterity of the sonographer, leading to the suboptimal repeatability. Despite the extensive exploration of robot-assisted ultrasound systems, achieving a heightened level of automation in examinations and enhancing the practicality of these robotic platforms for primary utilization remain formidable challenges within the field. In this study, we introduce an innovative automatic acquisition method for cardiac views using a novel ultrasound robot. The method is designed to autonomously traverse and scan target positions and angular ranges to search and identify the target cardiac views. First, the target positions and angular ranges were derived from a professional sonographer's practice on 14 cases. Then, an automatic traversal scanning method is designed integrating visual guidance, human-machine collaboration, and path planning within the framework of a novel parallel mechanism-based ultrasound robot. Finally, we explore deep metric learning to search for target ultrasound images in the traversed ultrasound video. Experiments on the test set to evaluate the target ultrasound view searching algorithm achieved a mAP of 98.8% and a Rank-1 accuracy of 98.23%. Our method has been successfully validated by data from five subjects, achieving the acquisition of standard parasternal long-axis and short-axis cardiac views essential for diagnosis, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Motion planning

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Synthesized colonoscopy dataset from high-fidelity virtual colon with abnormal simulation

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 186卷 109672-109672页

作者： He, Dongdong Liu, Ziteng Yin, Xunhai Liu, Hao Gao, Wenpeng Fu, Yili School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110016 China Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin150001 China

With the advent of the deep learning-based colonoscopy system, the need for a vast amount of high-quality colonoscopy image datasets for training is crucial. However, the generalization ability of deep learning models is challenged by the limited availability of colonoscopy images due to regulatory restrictions and privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose a method for rendering high-fidelity 3D colon models and synthesizing diversified colonoscopy images with abnormalities such as polyps, bleeding, and ulcers, which can be used to train deep learning models. The geometric model of the colon is derived from CT images. We employed dedicated surface mesh deformation to mimic the shapes of polyps and ulcers and applied texture mapping techniques to generate realistic, lifelike appearances. The generated polyp models were then attached to the inner surface of the colon model, while the ulcers were created directly on the inner surface of the colon model. To realistically model blood behavior, we developed a simulation of the blood diffusion process on the colon's inner surface and colored vertices in the traversed region to reflect blood flow. Ultimately, we generated a comprehensive dataset comprising high-fidelity rendered colonoscopy images with the abnormalities. To validate the effectiveness of the synthesized colonoscopy dataset, we trained state-of-the-art deep learning models on it and other publicly available datasets and assessed the performance of these models in abnormal classification, detection, and segmentation. Notably, the models trained on the synthesized dataset exhibit an enhanced performance in the aforementioned tasks, as evident from the results. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Digital elevation model

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Cutting Skill Assessment by Motion Analysis Using Deep Learning and Spatial Marker Tracking

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IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2025年第6期72卷 1963-1972页

作者： Su, Bai-Quan Ma, Xu-Dong Li, Weihan Kuang, Zi-Ao Gong, Yi Wang, Gang Zhang, Qingqian Liu, Wenyong Li, Changsheng Gao, Li Wang, Junchen Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Medical Robotics Laboratory School of Automation Beijing100876 China University of Tokyo School of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo113-0033 Japan Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science Beijing100876 China Peking University General Surgery Department Beijing100191 China Beihang University Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beijing100083 China Beijing Institute of Technology School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing100081 China Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems Beijing100081 China Peking University Department of Periodontology National Stomatological Center School and Hospital of Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices Beijing100081 China Beihang University School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beijing100083 China

The assessment of surgical skill is crucial for indicating a surgeon's proficiency. While motion analysis of surgical tools is widely used in endoscopic surgery, it is not commonly applied to open surgery. Instead, open surgery skill assessment relies on observing the trajectory of surgical tools on tissue. This observation-based method often lacks clear standards, leading to inaccurate assessments. This paper presents a method for evaluating cutting skill in open surgery through scalpel motion analysis. A 3D multiple-facet ArUco code cube is designed, and a dataset of tip coordinate system poses for various scalpels in the ArUco code coordinate system (ACS) is established using the pivot calibration method. The YOLOv8 model and an image dataset of different scalpels are used to identify the scalpel type and select its tip position. The tip position is then transformed from ACS to a binocular camera coordinate system (BCS), representing the incision curve made by the scalpel. Five assessment metrics are proposed to quantify the surgeon's cutting skill: average incision curvature deviation, incision length difference, incision endpoint deviation, average incision deviation, and average cutting jerk. Experiments involving twenty expert and novice surgeons performing four common incisions (straight line, polyline, semicircle, and cross line) demonstrate the metrics' effectiveness. The metrics provide a clear, objective display of individual cutting skills, and a combined ranking reveals comparative skill levels. This study offers a precise method for evaluating surgeons' cutting skills with a scalpel in open surgery. © 1964-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Surgery

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DenseSplat: Densifying Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Neural Radiance Prior

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Mingrui Liu, Shuhong Deng, Tianchen Wang, Hongyu the Department of Computer Science Dalian University of Technology Dalian China the Department of Mechano-informatics Information Science and Technology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Institute of Medical Robotics Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education China

Gaussian SLAM systems excel in real-time rendering and fine-grained reconstruction compared to NeRF-based systems. However, their reliance on extensive keyframes is impractical for deployment in real-world robotic systems, which typically operate under sparse-view conditions that can result in substantial holes in the map. To address these challenges, we introduce DenseSplat, the first SLAM system that effectively combines the advantages of NeRF and 3DGS. DenseSplat utilizes sparse keyframes and NeRF priors for initializing primitives that densely populate maps and seamlessly fill gaps. It also implements geometry-aware primitive sampling and pruning strategies to manage granularity and enhance rendering efficiency. Moreover, DenseSplat integrates loop closure and bundle adjustment, significantly enhancing frame-to-frame tracking accuracy. Extensive experiments on multiple large-scale datasets demonstrate that DenseSplat achieves superior performance in tracking and mapping compared to current state-of-the-art methods. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Real time systems

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SN-LiDAR: Semantic Neural Fields for Novel Space-time View LiDAR Synthesis

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chen, Yi Deng, Tianchen Zhao, Wentao Wang, Xiaoning Xi, Wenqian Chen, Weidong Wang, Jingchuan Department of Automation Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200030 China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education Shanghai200030 China Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine China Renji hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine China

Recent research has begun exploring novel view synthesis (NVS) for LiDAR point clouds, aiming to generate realistic LiDAR scans from unseen viewpoints. However, most existing approaches do not reconstruct semantic labels, which are crucial for many downstream applications such as autonomous driving and robotic perception. Unlike images, which benefit from powerful segmentation models, LiDAR point clouds lack such large-scale pre-trained models, making semantic annotation time-consuming and labor-intensive. To address this challenge, we propose SN-LiDAR, a method that jointly performs accurate semantic segmentation, high-quality geometric reconstruction, and realistic LiDAR synthesis. Specifically, we employ a coarse-to-fine planar-grid feature representation to extract global features from multi-frame point clouds and leverage a CNN-based encoder to extract local semantic features from the current frame point cloud. Extensive experiments on SemanticKITTI and KITTI-360 demonstrate the superiority of SN-LiDAR in both semantic and geometric reconstruction, effectively handling dynamic objects and large-scale scenes. Codes will be available on https://***/dtc111111/SN-Lidar. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Extending broadband's reach - New technology will make high-speed lines more widely available

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IEEE SPECTRUM 2003年第3期40卷 20-21页

作者： Riezenman, MJ Robotics Automation and Medical Systems (RAMS) Laboratory at the University of Maryland College Park MD USA

Private companies and standards bodies are straining to somehow boost the performance of the two chief last-mile broadband technologies: digital subscriber lines (DSLs), which send data over telephone wires, and cable modems, which use TV cables. A further extension of ADSL2, known as ADS L2+ and also expected to win ITU approval, promises to double the data rates of today's technology to 25 Mb/s in the best of circumstances.

关键词： DSL Cable TV Communication cables Ethernet networks Multiplexing Containers Virtual colonoscopy Costs Protocols Optical fiber networks

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Pixel super-resolution using compressive sensing for interferometric quantitative phase imaging

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Optics and Lasers in Engineering 2025年 193卷

作者： Wang, Zhenghua Li, Yin Sun, Deyu Nie, Yujie Zhou, Renjie Long, Min Liu, Lianqing Yang, Yongliang The State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110016 China The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Shenzhen BayJayRay Biomedical Technology Co. LTD. Shenzhen518000 China Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Shatin Hong Kong Department of Endocrinology Southwest Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University Chongqing400000 China

Interferometric quantitative phase microscopy (iQPM) with high resolution holds great potential for efficient and label-free investigation of biological systems. However, due to the limited spatial bandwidth product, there is a trade-off between the field of view (FOV) and spatial resolution, which hinders the applications of iQPM for large-scale in situ cellular phenotyping. To address this issue, we developed CS-iQPM, a method applying compressive sensing to capture sub-pixel signals in an iQPM image. In CS-iQPM, we first propose an efficient and easy-to-implement frequency ordering sampling scheme to reorder the Hadamard basis, according to which the mask was selected. This scheme outperforms random sampling as evaluated by three key metrices: peak signal-to-noise ratio, root mean square error, and structural similarity. We second integrated the iterative hard thresholding algorithm with pseudo-inverse matrix to improve the efficiency and structural similarity of reconstruction. Applying these two techniques to our iQPM, the CS-iQPM enhanced the pixel resolution from about 4 pixel/μm2 using 10x objective lens to 64 pixel/μm2 within 2 s. Experimental results demonstrated that CS-iQPM significantly enhanced the resolution of fine grid patterns and cells in quantitative phase images with a range larger than 500 μm. We envision that CS-iQPM could be applied to many high-throughput in situ cellular phenotyping applications, such as measuring cellular morphologies or cellular mechanical properties at sub-single-cell level in a monolayer during cell migrating. © 2025

关键词： Superpixels

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Lightweight LiDAR-Camera 3D Dynamic Object Detection and Multi-Class Trajectory Prediction

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： He, Yushen Zhao, Lei Deng, Tianchen Fang, Zipeng Chen, Weidong Institute of Medical Robotics Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education Shanghai200240 China

Service mobile robots are often required to avoid dynamic objects while performing their tasks, but they usually have only limited computational resources. So we present a lightweight multi-modal framework for 3D object detection and trajectory prediction. Our system synergistically integrates LiDAR and camera inputs to achieve real-time perception of pedestrians, vehicles, and riders in 3D space. The framework proposes two novel modules: 1) a Cross-Modal Deformable Transformer (CMDT) for object detection with high accuracy and acceptable amount of computation, and 2) a Reference Trajectory-based Multi-Class Transformer (RTMCT) for efficient and diverse trajectory prediction of mult-class objects with flexible trajectory lengths. Evaluations on the CODa benchmark demonstrate superior performance over existing methods across detection (+2.03% in mAP) and trajectory prediction (-0.408m in minADE5 of pedestrians) metrics. Remarkably, the system exhibits exceptional deployability - when implemented on a wheelchair robot with an entry-level NVIDIA 3060 GPU, it achieves realtime inference at 13.2 fps. To facilitate reproducibility and practical deployment, we release the related code of the method at https://***/TossherO/3D Perception and its ROS inference version at https://***/TossherO/ros packages. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile robots

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