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Algorithms for modulation recognition of narrowband power line carrier communication signals

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Algorithms for modulation recognition of narrowband power li...

2020 International Symposium on Automation, Information and Computing, ISAIC 2020

作者： Li, Kun Zhao, Hongjun Wang, Yongjian Mianyang Polytechnic 32 Xianren Road Youxian District Mianyang China School of Information and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong Road Fucheng District Mianyang China National Computer Network and Information Security Management Center 3A Yumin Road Chaoyang District Beijing China

Automatic identification of modulated signals is an important technology of power line communication. Aiming at the problems of low signal recognition rate and characteristic parameter extraction in power line communication channel, this paper uses amplitude variance value of wavelet transform and higher order cumulant as the identification parameter, and designs a signal recognizer based on improved support vector machine. Under the condition of power line channel environment, the recognizer of this paper is less than the existing recognition method in the computational complexity, and has good robustness to power line noise. At the same time, it avoids the shortcomings of traditional neural network such as under-learning and over-learning. The simulation results show that when the SNR is 5 dB, power line communication signals through the recognizer, which the correct identification rate can reach 91%. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

Real-time fine finger motion decoding for transradial amputees with surface electromyography

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Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society 2025年 190卷 107605页

作者： Zihan Weng Yang Xiao Peiyang Li Chanlin Yi Pouya Bashivan Hailin Ma Guang Yao Yuan Lin Fali Li Dezhong Yao Jingming Hou Yangsong Zhang Peng Xu Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 611731 Chengdu China School of Life Science and Technology Center for Information in Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 611731 Chengdu China. College of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications 400065 Chongqing China. School of Bioinformatics Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications 400065 Chongqing China. Department of Physiology McGill University H3A 0G4 Montreal Canada. Plateau Brain Science Research Center South China Normal University/Tibet University 850012 Lhasa China. School of Materials and Energy State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 611731 Chengdu China. School of Life Science and Technology Center for Information in Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 611731 Chengdu China Research Unit of NeuroInformation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU035 Chengdu China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macao Special Administrative Region of China. School of Electrical Engineering Zhengzhou University 450001 Zhengzhou China. Department of Rehabilitation Southwest Hospital Army Medical University 400038 Chongqing China. Electronic address: jingminghou@***. School of Computer Science and Technology Laboratory for Brain Science and Medical Artificial Intelligence Southwest University of Science and Technology 621010 Mianyang China. Electronic address: zhangysacademy@***. Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province 610041 Chengdu China Rehabilitation Center Qilu Hospital of Shandong University 250012 Jinan China. Electronic address: xupeng@***.

Advancements in human-machine interfaces (HMIs) are pivotal for enhancing rehabilitation technologies and improving the quality of life for individuals with limb loss. This paper presents a novel CNN-Transformer model for decoding continuous fine finger motions from surface electromyography (sEMG) signals by integrating the convolutional neural network (CNN) and Transformer architecture, focusing on applications for transradial amputees. This model leverages the strengths of both convolutional and Transformer architectures to effectively capture both local muscle activation patterns and global temporal dependencies within sEMG signals. To achieve high-fidelity sEMG acquisition, we designed a flexible and stretchable epidermal array electrode sleeve (EAES) that conforms to the residual limb, ensuring comfortable long-term wear and robust signal capture, critical for amputees. Moreover, we presented a computer vision (CV) based multimodal data acquisition protocol that synchronizes sEMG recordings with video captures of finger movements, enabling the creation of a large, labeled dataset to train and evaluate the proposed model. Given the challenges in acquiring reliable labeled data for transradial amputees, we adopted transfer learning and few-shot calibration to achieve fine finger motion decoding by leveraging datasets from non-amputated subjects. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model in various scenarios, including intra-session, inter-session, and inter-subject evaluations. Importantly, the system also exhibited promising zero-shot and few-shot learning capabilities for amputees, allowing for personalized calibration with minimal training data. The combined approach holds significant potential for advancing real-time, intuitive control of prostheses and other assistive technologies.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks Deep learning Fine motion decoding Human-machine interaction Surface electromyography Transformer

SoccerNet 2022 Challenges Results

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Giancola, Silvio Cioppa, Anthony Deliège, Adrien Magera, Floriane Somers, Vladimir Kang, Le Zhou, Xin Barnich, Olivier De Vleeschouwer, Christophe Alahi, Alexandre Ghanem, Bernard Van Droogenbroeck, Marc Darwish, Abdulrahman Maglo, Adrien Clapés, Albert Luyts, Andreas Boiarov, Andrei Xarles, Artur Orcesi, Astrid Shah, Avijit Fan, Baoyu Comandur, Bharath Chen, Chen Zhang, Chen Zhao, Chen Lin, Chengzhi Chan, Cheuk-Yiu Hui, Chun-Chuen Li, Dengjie Yang, Fan Liang, Fan Da, Fang Yan, Feng Yu, Fufu Wang, Guanshuo Chan, H. Anthony Zhu, He Kan, Hongwei Chu, Jiaming Hu, Jianming Gu, Jianyang Chen, Jin Soares, João V.B. Theiner, Jonas De Corte, Jorge Brito, José Henrique Zhang, Jun Li, Junjie Liang, Junwei Shen, Leqi Ma, Lin Chen, Lingchi Marques, Miguel Santos Azatov, Mike Kasatkin, Nikita Wang, Ning Jia, Qiong Pham, Quoc-Cuong Ewerth, Ralph Song, Ran Li, Rengang Gade, Rikke Debien, Ruben Zhang, Runze Lee, Sangrok Escalera, Sergio Jiang, Shan Odashima, Shigeyuki Chen, Shimin Masui, Shoichi Ding, Shouhong Chan, Sin-Wai Chen, Siyu El-Shabrawy, Tallal He, Tao Moeslund, Thomas B. Siu, Wan-Chi Zhang, Wei Li, Wei Wang, Xiangwei Tan, Xiao Li, Xiaochuan Wei, Xiaolin Ye, Xiaoqing Liu, Xing Wang, Xinying Guo, Yandong Zhao, Yaqian Yu, Yi Li, Yingying He, Yue Zhong, Yujie Guo, Zhenhua Li, Zhiheng KAUST Thuwal Saudi Arabia University of Liège Liège Belgium EVS Broadcast Equipment Liège Belgium Sportradar London United Kingdom UCLouvain London United Kingdom EPFL London United Kingdom Baidu Research Sunnyvale United States UCLouvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium EPFL Lausanne Switzerland German University in Cairo New Cairo City Egypt Université Paris-Saclay CEA List Paris France Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark ReBatch Kontich Belgium Schaffhausen Institute of Technology Schaffhausen Switzerland Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Yahoo Research Sunnyvale United States Inspur Electronic Information Industry Co. Ltd. State Key Laboratory of High-end Server Storage Technology Jinan China Purdue University West Lafayette United States OPPO Research Institute Shenzhen China Baidu Inc. Beijing China Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Caritas Institute of Higher Education Tseung Kwan O Hong Kong Meituan Inc. Beijing China Fujitsu Research Kawasaki Japan QCraft Inc. Beijing China Tencent Youtu Lab Shanghai China Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Shenzhen China Zhejiang University Shenzhen China MGTV Changsha China L3S Research Center Leibniz University Hannover Hannover Germany 2Ai - School of Technology IPCA São Martinho Portugal Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Arsenal FC London United Kingdom East China University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China L3S Research Center Leibniz University Hannover Hannover Germany TIB - Leibniz Information Center for Science and Technology Hannover Germany School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan China Graduate School of Information Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of MODULABS Seoul Korea Republic of Computer Vision Center Barcelona Spain Aalborg University Barcelona Spain Hong Kong Polytechnic University Tseung Kwan O Hong Kong Baidu Inc. Beijing China

The SoccerNet 2022 challenges were the second annual video understanding challenges organized by the SoccerNet team. In 2022, the challenges were composed of 6 vision-based tasks: (1) action spotting, focusing on retrieving action timestamps in long untrimmed videos, (2) replay grounding, focusing on retrieving the live moment of an action shown in a replay, (3) pitch localization, focusing on detecting line and goal part elements, (4) camera calibration, dedicated to retrieving the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters, (5) player re-identification, focusing on retrieving the same players across multiple views, and (6) multiple object tracking, focusing on tracking players and the ball through unedited video streams. Compared to last year's challenges, tasks (1-2) had their evaluation metrics redefined to consider tighter temporal accuracies, and tasks (3-6) were novel, including their underlying data and annotations. More information on the tasks, challenges and leaderboards are available on https://***. Baselines and development kits are available on https://***/SoccerNet. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： computer vision

A review of uncertainty quantification in deep learning: Techniques, applications and challenges

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Abdar, Moloud Pourpanah, Farhad Hussain, Sadiq Rezazadegan, Dana Liu, Li Ghavamzadeh, Mohammad Fieguth, Paul Cao, Xiaochun Khosravi, Abbas Rajendra Acharya, U. Makarenkov, Vladimir Nahavandi, Saeid Deakin University Australia College of Mathematics and Statistics Guangdong Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh India Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Australia Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis University of Oulu Oulu Finland Google research United States Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Ngee Ann Polytechnic Clementi Singapore Department of Computer Science University of Quebec in Montreal MontrealQC Canada

—Uncertainty quantification (UQ) plays a pivotal role in the reduction of uncertainties during both optimization and decision making, applied to solve a variety of real-world applications in science and engineering. Bayesian approximation and ensemble learning techniques are two of the most widely-used UQ methods in the literature. In this regard, researchers have proposed different UQ methods and examined their performance in a variety of applications such as computer vision (e.g., self-driving cars and object detection), image processing (e.g., image restoration), medical image analysis (e.g., medical image classification and segmentation), natural language processing (e.g., text classification, social media texts and recidivism risk-scoring), bioinformatics, etc. This study reviews recent advances in UQ methods used in deep learning, investigates the application of these methods in reinforcement learning, and highlight the fundamental research challenges and directions associated with the UQ field. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

VerSe: A Vertebrae Labelling and Segmentation Benchmark for Multi-detector CT Images

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Sekuboyina, Anjany Kumar Husseini, Malek E. Bayat, Amirhossein Löffler, Maximilian Liebl, Hans Li, Hongwei Tetteh, Giles Kukačka, Jan Payer, Christian Štern, Darko Urschler, Martin Chen, Maodong Cheng, Dalong Lessmann, Nikolas Hu, Yujin Wang, Tianfu Yang, Dong Xu, Daguang Ambellan, Felix Amiranashvili, Tamaz Ehlke, Moritz Lamecker, Hans Lehnert, Sebastian Lirio, Marilia de Olaguer, Nicolás Pérez Ramm, Heiko Sahu, Manish Tack, Alexander Zachow, Stefan Jiang, Tao Ma, Xinjun Angerman, Christoph Wang, Xin Brown, Kevin Kirszenberg, Alexandre Puybareau, Élodie Chen, Di Bai, Yiwei Rapazzo, Brandon H. Yeah, Timyoas Zhang, Amber Xu, Shangliang Hou, Feng He, Zhiqiang Zeng, Chan Xiangshang, Zheng Liming, Xu Netherton, Tucker J. Mumme, Raymond P. Court, Laurence E. Huang, Zixun He, Chenhang Wang, Li-Wen Ling, Sai Ho Huynh, Lê Duy Boutry, Nicolas Jakubicek, Roman Chmelik, Jiri Mulay, Supriti Sivaprakasam, Mohanasankar Paetzold, Johannes C. Shit, Suprosanna Ezhov, Ivan Wiestler, Benedikt Glocker, Ben Valentinitsch, Alexander Rempfler, Markus Menze, Björn H. Kirschke, Jan S. Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Germany Munich School of BioEngineering Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Neuroradiology Klinikum Rechts der Isar Germany Department for Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Switzerland Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Engineering Switzerland Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging Helmholtz Zentrum München Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London United Kingdom Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Biophysics Medical University of Graz Austria School of Computer Science The University of Auckland New Zealand Computer Vision Group iFLYTEK Research South China China Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data China School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center Shenzhen University China NVIDIA Corporation United States Zuse Institute Berlin Germany 1000shapes GmbH Berlin Germany Damo Academy Alibaba Group China Department of Mathematics University of Innsbruck Austria Department of Electronic Engineering Fudan University China New York University United States France Deep Reasoning AI Inc United States Technical University of Munich Germany East China Normal University China Chinese Academy of Sciences China Lenovo Group China Ping An Technologies China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University China Real Doctor AI Research Centre Zhejiang University China The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center United States Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University China Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University China The School of Biomedical Engineering University of Technology Sydney Australia Department of Biomedical Engineering Brno University of Technology Czech Republic India

Vertebral labelling and segmentation are two fundamental tasks in an automated spine processing pipeline. Reliable and accurate processing of spine images is expected to benefit clinical decision support systems for diagnosis, surgery planning, and population-based analysis of spine and bone health. However, designing automated algorithms for spine processing is challenging predominantly due to considerable variations in anatomy and acquisition protocols and due to a severe shortage of publicly available data. Addressing these limitations, the Large Scale Vertebrae Segmentation Challenge (VerSe) was organised in conjunction with the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) in 2019 and 2020, with a call for algorithms tackling the labelling and segmentation of vertebrae. Two datasets containing a total of 374 multi-detector CT scans from 355 patients were prepared and 4505 vertebrae have individually been annotated at voxel level by a human-machine hybrid algorithm (https://***/nqjyw/, https://***/t98fz/). A total of 25 algorithms were benchmarked on these datasets. In this work, we present the results of this evaluation and further investigate the performance variation at the vertebra level, scan level, and different fields of view. We also evaluate the generalisability of the approaches to an implicit domain shift in data by evaluating the top-performing algorithms of one challenge iteration on data from the other iteration. The principal takeaway from VerSe: the performance of an algorithm in labelling and segmenting a spine scan hinges on its ability to correctly identify vertebrae in cases of rare anatomical variations. The VerSe content and code can be accessed at: https://***/anjany/verse. © 2020, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： computerized tomography

NTIRE 2020 Challenge on Real-World Image Super-Resolution: Methods and Results

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Lugmayr, Andreas Danelljan, Martin Timofte, Radu Ahn, Namhyuk Bai, Dongwoon Cai, Jie Cao, Yun Chen, Junyang Cheng, Kaihua Chun, SeYoung Deng, Wei El-Khamy, Mostafa Man Ho, Chiu Ji, Xiaozhong Kheradmand, Amin Kim, Gwantae Ko, Hanseok Lee, Kanghyu Lee, Jungwon Li, Hao Liu, Ziluan Liu, Zhi-Song Liu, Shuai Lu, Yunhua Meng, Zibo Navarrete Michelini, Pablo Micheloni, Christian Prajapati, Kalpesh Ren, Haoyu Hyeok Seo, Yong Siu, Wan-Chi Sohn, Kyung-Ah Tai, Ying Muhammad Umer, Rao Wang, Shuangquan Wang, Huibing Haoning Wu, Timothy Wu, Haoning Yang, Biao Yang, Fuzhi Yoo, Jaejun Zhao, Tongtong Zhou, Yuanbo Zhuo, Haijie Zong, Ziyao Zou, Xueyi Wang, Li-Wen Cani, Marie-Paule Siu, Wan-Chi Yang, Huan Fu, Jianlong Shi, Yukai Chen, Junyang Lee, Kanghyu Park, Jaihyun Lee, Junyeop Min, Jeongki Lee, Bokyeung Ko, Hanseok Yoo, Jaejun Sohn, Kyung-Ah Micheloni, Christian Hu, Fengshuo Wang, Yanhong Lu, Yunhua Peng, Jinjia Wang, Huibing Zhuo, Haijie Lee, Junyeop Min, Jeongki Lee, Bokyeung Park, Jaihyun Ko, Hanseok Tai, Lab Ying Jilin Li, Youtu Lab Liu, Shuai Yang, Biao Liu, Xing Chen, Shuaijun Zhao, Lei Wang, Zhan Lin, Yuxuan Jia, Xu Gao, Qinquan Deng, Wei Kheradmand, Amin El-Khamy, Mostafa Wang, Shuangquan Bai, Dongwoon Lee, Jungwon Patel, Heena Chudasama, Vishal Upla, Kishor Ramachandra, Raghavendra Raja, Kiran Busch, Christoph Meng, Zibo Ho, Chiu Man Computer Vision Lab ETH Zurich Switzerland LIX - Computer science laboratory at the cole polytechnique Palaiseau France Center of Multimedia Signal Processing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Microsoft Research Beijing China Guangdong University of Technology China Intelligent Signal Processing Laboratory Korea University Korea Republic of Ajou University Korea Republic of EPFL University of Udine Italy BOE Technology Group Co. Ltd Dalian Maritime University China Guangdong OPPO Mobile Telecommunications Corp. Ltd Department of Video Information Processing Korea University Korea Republic of School of Electrical Engineering Korea University Korea Republic of Tencent Youtu Lab Yun Cao Tencent Youtu Tencent Youtu Lab Chengjie Wang Tencent Tencent Youtu Lab Feiyue Huang Tencent Youtu Lab Peking University China North China University of Technology China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd China Fuzhou University Tong Tong Fuzhou University Imperial Vision Technology China Fuzhou University Imperial Vision Technology China Imperial Vision Technology SOC R&D Samsung Semiconductor Inc. United States Ulsan national institute of science and technology Korea Republic of Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute Of Technology Surat India Norwegian University of Science and Technology Gjøvik Norway InnoPeak Technology

This paper reviews the NTIRE 2020 challenge on real world super-resolution. It focuses on the participating methods and final results. The challenge addresses the real world setting, where paired true high and low-resolution images are unavailable. For training, only one set of source input images is therefore provided along with a set of unpaired high-quality target images. In Track 1: Image Processing artifacts, the aim is to super-resolve images with synthetically generated image processing artifacts. This allows for quantitative benchmarking of the approaches w.r.t. a ground-truth image. In Track 2: Smartphone Images, real low-quality smart phone images have to be super-resolved. In both tracks, the ultimate goal is to achieve the best perceptual quality, evaluated using a human study. This is the second challenge on the subject, following AIM 2019, targeting to advance the state-of-the-art in super-resolution. To measure the performance we use the benchmark protocol from AIM 2019. In total 22 teams competed in the final testing phase, demonstrating new and innovative solutions to the problem. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical resolving power

Publisher Correction: Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

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Eye (London, England) 2024年第11期38卷 2229-2231页

作者： Konrad Pesudovs Hugh R. Taylor Tabassom Sedighi Rupert R. A. Bourne Shahina Pardhan Van Charles Lansingh John H. Kempen Ian Tapply Arthur G. Fernandes Maria Vittoria Cicinelli Alessandro Arrigo Nicolas Leveziel Serge Resnikoff Seth Flaxman Mukkharram M. Bikbov Tasanee Braithwaite Alain Bron Ching-Yu Cheng Monte A. Del Monte Joshua R. Ehrlich Leon B. Ellwein David Friedman João M. Furtado Gus Gazzard Ronnie George M. Elizabeth Hartnett Jost B. Jonas Rim Kahloun Moncef Khairallah Rohit C. Khanna Janet Leasher Julie-Anne Little Vinay Nangia Michal Nowak Tunde Peto Pradeep Ramulu Fotis Topouzis Mitiadis Tsilimbaris Ya Xing Wang Ningli Wang Paul Svitil Briant Theo Vos Katrin Burkart Kaleb Coberly Xiaochen Dai Stephen S. Lim Tomislav Mestrovic Ali H. Mokdad Christopher J. L. Murray Jaimie D. Steinmetz Awoke Misganaw Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate Mohammad Abdollahi Mozhan Abdollahi Ayele Mamo Abebe Olumide Abiodun Richard Gyan Aboagye Woldu Aberhe Abrha Hasan Abualruz Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Salahdein Aburuz Tadele Girum Girum Adal Mesafint Molla Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Muhammad Sohail Afzal Muhammad Umair Shahin Aghamiri Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Ahmad Samir Alfaar Abid Ali Syed Shujait Shujait Ali Awais Altaf Hubert Amu Emmanuel Manu Sofia Androudi Rodrigo Anguita Abhishek Anil Rimple Jeet Kaur Muhammad Aaqib Shamim Saeid Anvari Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor Francis Appiah Jalal Arabloo Haleh Ayatollahi Mosab Arafat Damelash Areda Reza Arefnezhad Brhane Berhe Aregawi Akeza Awealom Asgedom Tahira Ashraf Seyyed Shamsadin Athari Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu Birhan Tsegaw Taye Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout Alok Atreya Ahmed Y. Azzam Hassan Babamohamadi Sara Bagherieh Yogesh Bahurupi Atif Amin Baig Shumaila Nargus Biswajit Banik Mainak Bardhan Saurav Basu Kavita Batra Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn Fatemeh Bazvand Addisu Shunu Beyene Awoke Masrie Asrat Derese Devidas S. Bhagat Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula Pankaj Bh Medicine & Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK HelpMeSee Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia Santiago de Querétaro Mexico University of Miami Gables FL USA University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Chief Medical Office HelpMeSee New York NY USA Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology Queretaro Mexico Department of Ophthalmology Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Shepens Eye Research Institute/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Christian Medical Center (MCM) Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and MyungSun Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Ophthalmology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Sight for Souls Bellevue WA USA Department of Ophthalmology Harvard University Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge UK Department of Ophthalmology Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge UK Federal University of Sao Paolo Sao Paolo SP Brazil University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Federal University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil School of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milano Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute University Milan Italy Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital Vita-Salute University Milan Italy University of Poitiers Poitiers France CHU de Poitiers Poitiers France Ophthalmology Department CHU de Poitiers (Poitiers University Hospital) Poitiers France Unité 1084 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Poitiers France

Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d

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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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