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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and systems (ICECS)

作者： Z. Mihajlovic L. Budin Z. Kalafatic Department of Electronics Microelectronics Computer and Intelligent Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Hrvatska Zagreb Croatia

This paper presents a volume rendering procedure with embedded least square spline reconstruction. The first part of this paper describes a technique for the continuous representation of discrete signals by using B-splines. Volume element space is an example of the discrete signal which can be continuously represented in terms of the B-spline. Volume rendering is a very time-consuming procedure and therefore we down-sample the initial size of the volume. Before the down-sampling, some low-pass prefiltering is required. Our prefilter design is based on considering the combined operation of the prefiltering and the reconstruction postfiltering. The second part of this paper deals with embedding of the least square spline filter into the volume rendering procedure. The position of the reconstruction point is arbitrary in the volume element space. Reconstruction of the normal vector required for shading could be easily derived from the continuous reconstruction function.

关键词： Least squares methods Spline Image reconstruction Filters Interpolation Space technology Surface reconstruction Embedded computing Kernel microelectronics

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A system for tracking laboratory animals based on optical flow and active contours

A system for tracking laboratory animals based on optical fl...

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International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing

作者： Z. Kalafatic S. Ribaric V. Stanisavljevic Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Department of Electronics Microelectronics Computer and Intelligent Systems Zagreb Croatia

We present a working system for real-time tracking of multiple laboratory animals. As it is usually possible to ensure good contrast between the animals and the background, the tracking of a single animal or several physically separated animals can be obtained by relatively simple algorithms. The main problem arises when we try to track several almost identical, uniformly coloured animals during their contacts. To deal with this problem, we utilize dynamic information extracted by estimating sparse optical flow along the object contours. Optical flow vectors are used for updating the positions of the tracked contours in a sequence of image frames. The local properties of optical flow enable the system to track the objects during their contact, although some parts of the object contours become hidden. The missing dynamic information is reconstructed by using a model of constant optical flow along an object contour. The reconstructed contours are then adjusted to real object boundaries in the current frame by using an active contour model. The robustness of the tracking algorithm is improved by adding a supervision module, which detects tracking failures and reinitialises the contours that lose their targets. The system has been tested on real sequences with laboratory animals during pharmacological experiments and has been shown to be robust and efficient. Future extensions will include expert knowledge of biomedical and pharmacological experts. The major goal is to build a system that will provide an objective and standardised tool for evaluation of animal behaviour during experiments.

关键词： Laboratories Animals Image motion analysis Biomedical optical imaging Image reconstruction Robustness Target tracking Real time systems Data mining Active contours

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A software architecture for image acquisition and camera control in an active computer vision system

A software architecture for image acquisition and camera con...

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22nd International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, ITI 2000

作者： Šegvić, Siniša Stanisavljević, Vladimir Kalafatić, Zoran Department of Electronics Microelectronics Computer and Intelligent Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Unska 3 10000 Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9539676916

In a system for active computer vision, there is an intrinsic need for interfacing two different kinds of specific hardware devices: image digitizer and controllable camera. The architecture of software components responsible for these interfaces must be carefully designed in order to achieve their scalability, testability, maintainability, reusability and portability. Hardware abstraction is a major concern in this context since it allows to compile and test other system components independently of actual devices and their manufacturers. The paper reports on a feasible solution to the problem having many of the desired properties, using the object oriented design methodology. The designed architecture have been successfully implemented, in combination with several actual mechanisms for image acquisition and camera control. © 2000 Univ of Zagreb.

关键词： Distributed computer systems

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A software architecture for image acquisition and camera control in an active computer vision system

A software architecture for image acquisition and camera con...

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International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces

作者： S. Segvic V. Stanisavljevic Z. Kalafatic Department of Electronics Microelectronics Computer and Intelligent Systems Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9539676916

关键词： Software architecture Cameras Control systems computer vision Hardware Design methodology computer architecture Software maintenance Software reusability Scalability

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Restoration of images blurred by circular motion

Restoration of images blurred by circular motion

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International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis

作者： S. Ribaric M. Milani Z. Kalafatic Department of Electronics Microelectronics Computer and Intelligent Systems Zagreb Croatia

The problem of restoring images blurred by circular motion is considered. In order to simplify the process of deblurring, the original image in the (x,y) plane is transformed into polar plane (p,/spl phi/) . This simp... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9539676924

关键词： Image restoration Cameras Image sampling Lattices Degradation Angular velocity Image sensors Machine vision Charge coupled devices Optical filters

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Real-time object tracking based on optical flow and active rays

Real-time object tracking based on optical flow and active r...

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Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON)

作者： Z. Kalafatic S. Ribaric V. Stanisavljevic Department of Electronics MicroelectronicsFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Computer and Intelligent Systems Zagreb Croatia

A real-time system for tracking multiple quasi-rigid objects is presented. To enable the tracking of objects having similar gray-level intensity during contacts, we use dynamic information extracted by computing sparse optical flow along the object contours. Optical flow vectors are used for updating the positions of the tracked contours in a sequence of image frames. The local properties of optical flow enable the system to track the objects during and after contact, when parts of object contours become hidden. The missing dynamic information is reconstructed by using a model of constant optical flow along an object contour. To deal with the contours of changing-shape, a contour-correcting procedure based on an active contour model is added. The robustness of the tracking algorithm is improved by adding a supervision module, which detects tracking failures and reinitializes the lost contours. The system has been tested on real sequences with laboratory animals during pharmacological experiments and has been shown to be sufficiently robust and efficient.

关键词： Image motion analysis Optical computing Robustness Real time systems Data mining Image reconstruction Active contours System testing Laboratories Animals

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Integrating Dempster-Shafer belief functions into a knowledge representation system based on Petri nets

Integrating Dempster-Shafer belief functions into a knowledg...

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Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON)

作者： A.B. Posavec Department for Electronics Microelectronics Computer and Intelligent Systems at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Croatia

The expressive power and the epistemic adequacy of the Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory of evidence has often been acknowledged. DS theory of evidence is based on two components: a tool for representing belief for a statement, i.e. a pair of set functions (Bel, Pl) that quantify to what extent available evidence implies the statement and to what extent is available evidence consistent with the statement, respectively; and a tool for combining evidence. Thus DS theory deals with belief intervals rather than single numerical values of belief. There is an explicit differentiation between the notion of disbelief from that of lack of belief. However, as many other methodologies in the field of uncertain reasoning, DS theory addresses only the problem of representing the uncertainty of knowledge, without dealing with the problem of representing the knowledge itself. Saffiotti (1994) has proposed a framework for integrating the DS theory with a knowledge representation system. This approach introduces so-called belief bases, whose purpose is to allow embedding belief functions into a knowledge representation system which is better suited for representing the knowledge itself. Belief bases for a given knowledge representation system are built using three primitive operations, which utilize Dempster's combination rule. This paper describes an attempt at integrating appropriately modified belief bases into a knowledge representation system which utilizes Petri nets for representing knowledge.

关键词： Knowledge representation Uncertainty Petri nets intelligent systems Fuzzy reasoning Fuzzy logic computer network management microelectronics Computational complexity Modeling

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A new model of global parallel genetic algorithm

A new model of global parallel genetic algorithm

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International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces

作者： M. Golub D. Jakobovic Fac. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Zagreb Univ. Croatia Department of Electronics Microelectronics Computer and Intelligent SystemsFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9539676916

The authors describe a multithreaded parallel genetic algorithm (PGA) implementation. Considering the basic models of parallel genetic algorithms, we identify a variant of global PGA (GPGA) as the most appropriate one for use on a multiprocessor system with few processors. The difference between the synchronous and asynchronous model is analyzed and their characteristics are evaluated. Unlike some authors, we choose not to allow a single individual to be engaged in a tournament competition in more than one instance (no duplicates). The probability of selection for elimination of an individual is than determined based on the fitness of the chromosome and compared with the same probability of the duplicate-allowing algorithm. Finally, the main advantages and disadvantages of the GPGA as well as performance comparison with sequential GA are stated.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Electronics packaging Concurrent computing Master-slave Multithreading Space exploration microelectronics intelligent systems Multiprocessing systems Yarn

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Frequency domain analysis of B-spline interpolation

Frequency domain analysis of B-spline interpolation

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IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

作者： Z. Mihajlovic A. Goluban M. Zagar Department of Electronics Microelectronics Computer and Intelligent Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia Department of Control and Computer Engineering in Automation Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

This paper describes B-spline interpolation and compares it with other reconstruction methods, especially in three-dimensional space. We first consider the B-spline bases in the terms of convolution in signal processing. The presented analysis requires careful usage of continuous and discrete representation of B-spline. Emphasis is given to the important difference between B-spline interpolation and approximation. The difference is shown through frequency domain analysis, so we derive frequency responses of the B-spline interpolation and approximation. We conclude by demonstrating the use of several reconstruction filters and appropriate gradient estimators in volume rendering. Exact reconstruction in volume visualization is very important in many industrial applications, such as material cavity control.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis Spline Interpolation Image reconstruction Convolution Filters Polynomials Data visualization Frequency response microelectronics

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The B-spline interpolation in visualization

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Journal of Computing and Information Technology 1999年第3期7卷 245-253页

作者： Mihajlović, Željka Goluban, Alan Department of Electronics Microelectronics Computer and intelligent Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering arid Computing University of Zagreb Unska 3 Zagreb10 000 Croatia Department of Control and Computer Engineering in Automation Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Unska 3 Zagreb10 000 Croatia

The volume data is generally in the form of the large array of numbers. In order to render the object hidden in the volumetric data, we need to reconstruct or interpolate data values between the samples. The novelty presented in this paper is B-spline interpolation in the volumetric space. We show that this approach is better than currently used methods. We also present a hybrid approach, analyze this approach in frequency domain and compare it to B-spline interpolation. To enhance the quality during the volume visualization process it is important to enhance the quality of the reconstruction. It is of crucial importance to explore different undesired effects. If better reconstruction is performed the more accurate result of volume visualization process is achieved.

关键词： Volume rendering

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