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IEEE Sensors Letters 2025年第6期9卷

作者： Patle, Kamlesh Yogi, Pooja Maru, Devkaran Agrawal, Yash Palaparthy, Vinay S. Moez, Kambiz DAIICT System Design Lab Department of Information and Communication Technology Gandhinagar382007 India University of Alberta iCAS Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering EdmontonABT6G 2V4 Canada

Prolonged leaf wetness is a critical factor influencing the development and spread of plant diseases, particularly fungal pathogens, which thrive in moist environments. These pathogens negatively impact crop health, photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and agricultural productivity. Accurately measuring leaf wetness duration (LWD) is essential for early disease detection and mitigation strategies. Leaf wetness sensors (LWS) are designed to detect wetness on leaf surfaces. Traditional LWS, fabricated using printed circuit boards (PCBs), have been extensively studied and are commercially available, such as the PHYTOS-31. However, flexible LWS are preferred due to their ability to conform to the natural shape of leaves, improving accuracy, better contact resistance, and durability under field conditions. However, these sensors exhibited limitations such as electrode oxidation and peeling, reducing stability and wetness sensitivity over time. To overcome these challenges, this study investigates replacing conventional metal-based interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) with graphene-based IDEs, leveraging graphene's superior electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The fabricated flexible graphene LWS has been evaluated for its sensitivity, response time, hysteresis, temperature response, and stability, which are about ≈26,000%, ≈ 35 seconds, ≈ 5%, ≈ 6.79%, and 5 months, respectively. Benchmarking against the commercially available PHYTOS-31 LWS demonstrated an absolute error of ±3%, confirming the reliability and accuracy. These results validate the potential of graphenebased flexible LWS for accurate and long-term monitoring of leaf wetness duration in agricultural and ecological applications. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Microbial electrodes

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Age of Information Analysis of Ber/Geo/1/1 Queue With On-Off Service

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Zeng, Hao Qu, Yi Chen, Zhengchuan Akar, Nail Wang, Min Wu, Dapeng O. Quek, Tony Q. S. Chongqing University School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering Chongqing China Bilkent University Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Bilkent Ankara06800 Turkey Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Optoelectronics Engineering Chongqing China City University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Singapore University of Technology and Design 487372 Singapore Yonsei University Yonsei Frontier Lab Korea Republic of

The Age of Information (AoI), which measures the time since the generation of the latest update, quantifies information freshness in timeliness-critical systems. Minimizing AoI and characterizing it precisely are crucial for system efficiency and decision-making. This work investigates AoI under external interference modeled as an On-Off process, providing a foundation for future research in more complex scenarios. We consider a discrete-time remote status-updating system with a monitor and a sensor, where the sensor observes a physical process, generates timestamped updates, and sends them to the monitor. Both inter-arrival and service times follow geometric distributions, with service interrupted according to a two-state On-Off process. We analyze AoI under two queuing disciplines: 1) non-preemptive, where arriving updates are discarded if the server is occupied, and 2) preemptive, where in-service updates are replaced with new ones during the Off state. For both, we derive closed-form expressions for average AoI and peak AoI (PAoI). We also explore the relationship between discrete-time and continuous-time systems, showing that the latter is the limiting case of the former. Numerical results validate the theoretical analysis, revealing a linear relationship between the relative normalized increase in average PAoI and AoI and the proportion of Off state time. Frequent On-Off switching and higher service rates under the same system load help mitigate freshness deterioration caused by interruptions. The On-Off process is shown to have a large impact on the average AoI (resp. PAoI) of systems with relatively high (resp. low) arrival and service rates. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Continuous time systems

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Disjoint-Path and Golden-Pin Based Irregular PCB Routing with Complex Constraints 23

Disjoint-Path and Golden-Pin Based Irregular PCB Routing wit...

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Proceedings of the 60th Annual ACM/IEEE design Automation Conference

作者： Qinghai Liu Qinfei Tang Jiarui Chen Chuandong Chen Ziran Zhu Huan He Jianli Chen Yao-Wen Chang Center for Discrete Mathematics Fuzhou University Fuzhou China and Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou China Center for Discrete Mathematics Fuzhou University Fuzhou China College of Computer and Date Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Department of Microelectronics Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Department of Microelectronics Southeast University Nanjing China Hangzhou Huawei Enterprises Telecommunication Technologies Co. Ltd Hangzhou China State Key Lab of ASIC & System Fudan University Shanghai China Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan and Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350323481

PCB routing becomes time-consuming as the complexity of PCB design increases. Unlike traditional schemes that treat the two essential PCB routing processes separately, namely, escape and bus routing, we consider the continuity between them and present a golden-pin-based routing scheme to find the desired solution with angle and topology constraints. Further, conventional rip-up and reroute methods are often ineffective and inefficient for congestion alleviation and routability optimization. We construct a component graph by modeling components as vertices and applying the minimum weight vertex covering method to improve the routability. A self-adaptable ordering method is presented for escape routing to arrange the pin order on the component boundary, guaranteeing successful bus routing. In addition, escape routing is performed based on a disjoint path method. We construct a dynamic Hanan grid in bus routing and utilize a novel congestion adjustment technique to improve solution quality. Compared with FreeRouting and Allegro, the experiment results show that our algorithm achieves high routability and a significant 90% runtime reduction.

关键词： escape routing

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Analog multiplexing in time domain for biochemical measurement processing

Analog multiplexing in time domain for biochemical measureme...

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2002 45th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems

作者： Patel, Apurva Terry, Tara Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, H.S. Microelectronics System Design Lab Oakland University Electrical Engineering Department Rochester MI 48309 United States

Digital Multiplexers and Analog multiplexers, through the use of filters and their applications implemented in frequency domain, which requires extensive hardware and is costly have seen substantial amount of research compared to an analog multiplexer in time domain. This Paper Presents design, Simulation, Implementation and Evaluation of a four-to-one analog multiplexer. The analog multiplexer is implemented with the help of four buffers and four transmission gates using 0.35 μm CMOS Technology with optimum linear ranges that covers 60% of total input supply voltage. The analog multiplexer is developed for a biochemical preprocessing unit to multiplex time-varying analog input signals coming from real-time sensor arrays and to connect the selected input to one A/D converter for digital implementation of a bio-inspired intelligent signal detection system or to an analog implemented biochemical detection system.

关键词： Multiplexing equipment

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Science Letters:A robust polysilicon-assisted SCR in ESD protection application

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & engineering) 2007年第12期8卷 1879-1883页

作者： CUI Qiang HAN Yan DONG Shu-rong LIOU Juin-jie ESD Lab Institute of Microelectronics and Photoelectronics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Research Center for Embedded System Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando 32816 USA

A novel polysilicon-assisted silicon-controlled rectifier （SCR） is presented and analyzed in this paper, which is fabricated in HHNEC＇s 0.18μm EEPROM process. The polysilicon-assisted SCRs take advantage of polysilicon layer to help bypass electro-static discharge （E S D） current without occupying extra layout area. TLP current-voltage （I-V） measurement results show that given the same layout areas, robustness performance of polysilicon-assisted SCRs can be improved to 3 times of conventional MLSCR＇s. Moreover, one-finger such polysilicon-assisted SCRs, which occupy only 947 [3mz layout area, can undergo 7-kV HBM ESD stress. Results further demonstrate that the S-type I-V characteristics of polysilicon-assisted SCRs are adjustable to different operating conditions by changing the device dimensions. Compared with traditional SCRs, this new SCR can bypass more ESD currents and consumes smaller IC area.

关键词： Electro-static discharge （ESD） Silicon-controlled rectifier （SCR） Robustness performance Polysilicon-assisted Human body model （HBM）

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design and application of an enhanced GA 57

Design and application of an enhanced GA

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2014 IEEE 57th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems, MWSCAS 2014

作者： Elgothamy, Hatem Zohdy, Mohamed A. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S. Microelectronics and Bio-Inspired Systems Design Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oakland University RochesterMI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781479941346

This paper introduces an enhanced Genetic Algorithm GA that is faster and more efficient than the standard one. A simple 3D convex surface is optimized using different methods, Brute-Force, standard GA, and the enhanced GA. The enhanced GA is able to find the global minima within a certain range by using the least possible number of calculations, which, means less processing time and is robust to parameter selections. Special software was developed using Java for this purpose;also, MS-Excel was used to represent the data map as charts. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Improved supervision of NN's AOA determination with limited 1-D phased-array training data

Improved supervision of NN's AOA determination with limited ...

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2011 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference, NAECON 2011

作者： Van Sickle, Kevin Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S. Microelectronics and Bio-Inspired Systems Design Lab. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oakland University Rochester MI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710407

A sixteen-channel linear phased array radar is calibrated by means of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Limited data are used to train the various layers of the network, for Angle of Arrival (AOA) determinacy. This is designed to increase speed of operation and to prevent over fitting. The designed simulator generates time-series data sets representing continuous span of AOA. The generated datasets are used in multilayer feedforward NNs to find the phase, which is then used as inputs to Spiking Neural Network (SNN) o determine AOA. SNNs are used for hardware implementation feasibility. The designed simulator improved the accuracy of AOA determination, and opens the door for a wide variety of radar classification applications © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Performance Assessment of a Modular Fault-Tolerant Multiphase Inverter

Performance Assessment of a Modular Fault-Tolerant Multiphas...

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2022 International Symposium on Power Electronics, electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, SPEEDAM 2022

作者： Spampinato, Andrea Forte, Gianluigi Tornello, Luigi Danilo Scelba, Giacomo Scarcella, Giuseppe SRA-System Lab Development Unit St Microelectronics Catania Italy University of Catania Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering Catania Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781665484596

ISBN: (纸本)9781665484596

The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a modular fault-tolerant multiphase inverter prototype. Suitable current and voltage monitoring are implemented to maintain limited the electric and mechanical stresses during the fault detection, identification, and isolation phases. The realized fault-tolerant motor drive configuration covers different types of faults occurring in the power converter devices and the open-phase fault in the electric motor. The inverter has been tested on a six-phase induction motor prototype. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Fault detection

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A IV, 2.4GHz fully integrated LNA using 0.18µm CMOS technology 5

A IV, 2.4GHz fully integrated LNA using 0.18µm CMOS technol...

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5th International Conference on ASIC, ASICON 2003

作者： Zhenying, Luo Rustagi, S.C. Li, M.F. Lian, Yong Signal Processing and VLSI Design Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 119260 Singapore Institute of Microelectronics 117685 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)078037889X

A 11", 2.4GHz fully integrated CMOS Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) including the 50O. referenced input output matching networks is implemented using 0.18µm technology within a chip area of 4.1mm2. The amplifier has the noise figure (NF) of 3.8dB and a forward gain of more than 20dB. The details of the LNA analysis and design procedure are presented in this paper. © 2003 IEEE

关键词： Low noise amplifiers

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Dimensions in the Bat algorithm with adaptive position update (APU-BA) for short Fiber Bragg grating optimal design

Dimensions in the Bat algorithm with adaptive position updat...

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2016 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference and Ohio Innovation Summit, NAECON-OIS 2016

作者： Al-Muraeb, Ahmed Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda Microelectronics and Bio-Inspired Systems Design Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oakland University RochesterMI48309-4401 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781509034413

Based on our work [1] we present a study for dimensions (number of FBG sections) in our novel APU-BA. C-band single-wavelength, and eye-safe dual-wavelength Triangular Spectrum Fiber Bragg Gratings (TS-FBG) of chosen lengths are considered. Setting the dimensions in APU-BA (and any swarm-based optimization algorithm) is critical. Optimum number of dimensions is reported. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Refractive index

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