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1998 Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems, MWSCAS 1998

作者： Al-Nsour, Mahmoud Abdel-Aty-zohdy, Hoda S. Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Microelectronics Systems Design Laboratory Oakland University RochesterMI48309-4401 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818689145

A programmable digital sigmoid function generator circuit has been designed and implemented. The circuit is based on second order approximation of the nonlinear sigmoid function and utilizing its characteristics. It offers an easy way of changing the steepness of the function in the transition state. In addition, the squaring function operation was implemented using combinational logic. This offers a compact realization of the system as a parallel bit architecture. The maximum output error is.047 and the average error is within 0.01. Simulations show that the circuit operates satisfactorily up to 50 MHz. The digital VLSI circuit has been fabricated using MOSIS/AMI N-well 1.2 μm CMOS double metal process. It occupies an area of 900×450 μm2. © 1999 IEEE.

关键词： Timing circuits

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Intelligent information processing using neural networks and genetic algorithms

Intelligent information processing using neural networks and...

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43rd Midwest Circuits and systems Conference (MWSCAS-2000)

作者： Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S. Ewing, Robert L. Microelectronics System Design Lab. Electrical and Systems Engineering Oakland University Rochester MI 48309 United States

Intelligent Information Processing (IIP) or the smart processing of signals in communication systems and data measurements from multi-sensor systems are needed for advanced micro autonomous applications. A balanced combination of efficient algorithms, fast networks, and collaboration of the different technologies are required for smaller, faster, and more efficient system-on-a-chip applications. In this paper we present guidelines/approach for intelligent information processing using Neural Networks (NNs) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs) which are capable of learning through discovery and/or reinforcement with features optimization through chromosome mutations of GAs. Specific details about a special application for Electronic-Nose (EN) implementation to discriminate among four chemicals, using reinforcement NN implemented tiny-chip and a GA system implementation is presented with test results.

关键词： Intelligent agents

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Optimal-weights sensors-measurement fusion using genetic algorithms

Optimal-weights sensors-measurement fusion using genetic alg...

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2001 Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems (MWSCAS 2001)

作者： Sharawi, Mohammad S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S. Ewing, Robert L. Microelectronics System Design Lab. Electrical and Systems Engineering Oakland University Rochester MI 48309 United States

Although there are many simulated Genetic Algorithms (GAs) in applications, less research has been directed toward their practical hardware implementations. In this paper we present a GA for optimum sensors-measurement fusion and characteristics weights. A multilevel verification of the GA is performed via the Mentor Graphics design Architect (DA) and ModelSim CAD tools. In particular the design of efficient universal multipliers, dividers, and their integrated circuits is addressed. Effective mutation and crossover apprache has been implemented in the GA system operation. It requires 960 clock cycles for complete iteration of 64 chromosomes, each with 3 genes of two binary-bits. This requires only 12 μsec when implemented in the 0.25 μm CMOS technology. The GA system is developed for a preprocessing unit to select optimal weights from real-time sensors measurement, and for fused measurements as in electronic nose, integrated accelerometer systems, and for performance enhancement of recurrent dynamic neural networks in noisy environments. The proposed approach, simulation results, and possible experimental results will be presented.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Plasticity recurrent spiking neural networks for olfactory pattern recognition

Plasticity recurrent spiking neural networks for olfactory p...

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2005 IEEE International 48th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems, MWSCAS 2005

作者： Allen, J.N. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, H.S. Ewing, R.L. Microelectronics System Design Laboratory Department of Electrical and System Engineering Oakland University Rochester MI 48309 Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433

ISBN: (纸本)0780391977

This paper introduces a novel spiking neural network methodology, and applies it to an odorant learning and detection application. Spike-time dependent plasticity can support coding schemes that are based on spatio-temporal spike patterns. Spiking (or pulsed) neural networks (SNNs) are models which explicitly take into account the timing of inputs. The network input and output are usually represented as series of spikes (delta function or more complex shapes). Plasticity SNNs have an advantage of being able to recurrently process information. Spike-time dependent plasticity can enhance signal transmission by selectively strengthening synaptic connections that transmit precisely timed spikes at the expense of those synapses that transmit poorly timed spikes. Complete theory describes the spiking network's digital implementation. Theory is verified using simulation of a biologically plausible odor environment with 1023 odor receptor inputs. Stochastic on-chip learning uses sampling and a correlation filter to learn odors despite noisy environment conditions. Simulation and Verilog chip design are tested on a Field Programmable Gate Array. A scalable Field Programmable Gate Array implementation with 1024 inputs, 1 output, and expansion capability for unlimited outputs is synthesized into 87,062 gates. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Exploring the biocomputing frontier

Exploring the biocomputing frontier

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2005 IEEE International 48th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems, MWSCAS 2005

作者： Ewing, R.L. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, H.S. Schuermeyer, F. Liou, L. Moncrief, J.B. Rubeiz, M. Williamson, M. Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate Wright-Patterson AFB OH Microelectronics System Design Laboratory Department of Electrical and System Engineering Oakland University Rochester MI Wright State University Department of Electrical Engineering Dayton OH

ISBN: (纸本)0780391977

Stop thinking that the universe is best described by boolean order operations, consider the world of biocomputing. The idea in exploring the multidimensional characteristics of biocomputing systems involves multilevel protein logic interaction with hybrid digital systems (bio/digital/analog systems). In the protein biocomputing world, all models are multilevel and nonlinear exponential in nature. These biocomputing systems are linearized by boundary limited frequency, time response and dimensional ranges. The protein model and its correct development is probably the most difficult aspect for biocomputing issues. Previous protein models were not dealing with 2 and 3 dimensional models, while the current protein models are now faced with high frequency design, due to the emergence of bio-nanodevices. These future biocomputing devices will be chemical sensors, fluidic computer systems, optical switches, nanoactuators, self-repairing polymorphic computing systems, cognitive processors and biorobotics. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Boolean algebra

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Weighted registration of multiple trajectories of dynamic objects for online calibration of MMW radar and camera

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Measurement Science and Technology 2025年第6期36卷

作者： Huang, Gang Dong, Qinlei Cao, Huiling Chen, Zhenling Hu, Zhaozheng School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan430081 China Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430063 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Power System Design and Test for Electrical Vehicle Xiangyang441053 China

Multi-sensor fusion can improve the accuracy and reliability of information perception and is widely used in autonomous driving, smart AGVs, drones, and other intelligent agents. Considering the comprehensive efficiency and economy, the fusion of millimeter wave (MMW) radar and camera with complementary advantages is a potential solution in autonomous driving perception. The calibration flexibility of the two sensors determines the usability of the perception system. Unlike traditional offline calibration, dynamic calibration allows for flexible calibration using dynamic targets found in the environment. It can be applied when cumbersome offline calibration can not be performed or specific calibration templates are unavailable. The paper proposes dynamic calibration of MMW radar and camera by fusing trajectory constraints and multi-target (radar cross section) RCSs, On the one hand, trajectory constraints can preliminarily achieve the calibration of external parameters. On the other hand, introducing RCS can enhance the accurate tracking of target trajectories, enabling automated trajectory generation. By assigning higher calibration weights to trajectories with larger RCS values, both the calibration accuracy and the robustness of the entire perception system can be further improved. The selection of multiple targets ensures the wide applicability of the calibration results. RCS information reflects the signal-to-noise ratio of the target. Compared with existing traditional methods, this algorithm does not require dedicated calibration equipment. As targets are continuously acquired, more accurate calibration results can be iteratively refined. The algorithm offers high computational efficiency and good performance. Additionally, when sensors become loose while the vehicle is in operation, this algorithm can update the calibration results in conjunction with the system’s miscalibration detection mechanism, ensuring the long-term reliability of the entire system. Si

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Energy diffusion model of bR for voxel identification

Energy diffusion model of bR for voxel identification

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems (MWSCAS)

作者： D. Garcia Neto H.S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy Microelectronics System Design Laboratory-Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Oakland University Rochester USA

In this paper, a potential biological structure for computer volumetric memory is investigated. Bacteriorhodopsin is a protein found in the purple membrane of the bacteria Halobacterium salinarum. This protein has light absorption properties that generate different stable states allowing the use of multilevel logic as well as binary logic. CHARMmtrade has been used to simulate the energy response of Bacteriorhodopsin at room temperature 300K for the bR ground state and the other states. The K state takes place after blue light (lambda= 635nm) absorption on the bR state. The energy difference is found to be an increase of 1086.92 kcal/mol which is responsible for triggering the photocycle that also includes the states K, L, M, N, and O. An energy surplus is found between O and bR state that may be spread to surrounding molecules. However, conformational interference does not produce photons necessary for the isomerization reaction. Further quantum molecular (QM) analysis should provide an extended model for this macromolecular energy study

关键词： Biological system modeling Proteins Absorption Logic Biology computing Biomembranes Microorganisms Computational modeling Land surface temperature Stationary state

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A hardware implementation of genetic algorithms for measurement characterization

A hardware implementation of genetic algorithms for measurem...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and systems (ICECS)

作者： M.S. Sharawi J. Quinlan H.S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy Microelectronics System Design Laboratory Electrical and Systems Engineering Oakland University Rochester MI USA

To process/store/analyze signals acquired from sensors, hybrid systems with flexible and adaptable intelligent information processing and perception (IIPP) are needed. Genetic algorithms (GA) present a suitable pre-processing operation because of their good convergence to optimum solutions and characterization capabilities. Most GAs are built via software because of their ease of editing and customization. Less attention has been given to hardware implementation of such algorithms. We present a hardware design approach of a GA for optimum measurement representation/characterization to a following IIPP stage. A multilevel verification of the GA is performed via VHDL. In particular the design of efficient universal multipliers and dividers is addressed. A new time efficient approach for crossover based on preassigned least error value is proposed. The crossover scheme is called half siblings and a clone. Such a scheme needs 10 iterations to converge the system proposed for sensor measurement characterization. This takes 7680 clock cycles, which is only 96 /spl mu/sec when implemented in the 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.

关键词： Hardware Genetic algorithms Intelligent sensors Sensor phenomena and characterization Sensor systems CMOS technology Information analysis Signal analysis Signal processing Information processing

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Polarization-induced photocurrent switching effect in heterojunction photodiodes

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5503-5510页

作者： Dingbo Chen Yu-Chang Chen Guang Zeng Yu-Chun Li Xiao-Xi Li Dong Li Chao Shen Nan Chi Boon S.Ooi David Wei Zhang Hong-Liang Lu State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics&SystemsSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves Department of Communication Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Photonics Laboratory Division of ComputerElectricaland Mathematical Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The unipolar photocurrent in conventional photodiodes(PDs)based on photovoltaic effect limits the output modes and potential versatility of these devices in *** photodiodes with photocurrent switching are emerging as a promising solution for obtaining photoelectric devices with unique and attractive functions,such as optical logic ***,we design an all-solid-state chip-scale ultraviolet(UV)PD based on a hybrid GaN heterojunction with engineered bipolar polarized electric *** introducing the polarization-induced photocurrent switching effect,the photocurrent direction can be switched in response to the wavelength of incident light at 0 V *** particular,the photocurrent direction exhibits negative when the irradiation wavelength is less than 315 nm,but positive when the wavelength is longer than 315 *** device shows a responsivity of up to−6.7 mA/W at 300 nm and 5.3 mA/W at 340 nm,*** particular,three special logic gates in response to different dual UV light inputs are demonstrated via a single bipolar PD,which may be beneficial for future multifunctional UV photonic integrated devices and systems.

关键词： GaN heterostructure ultraviolet(UV)photodiodes bipolar photocurrent optical logic device

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Analog computational circuits for neural network implementations

Analog computational circuits for neural network implementat...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and systems (ICECS)

作者： M. Al-Nsour H.S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy Microelectronics System Design Laboratory Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Oakland University Rochester MI USA

High performance NMOS analog circuits which perform voltage addition, average weighing, and signal scaling are presented. Utilization of these circuits in artificial neural network applications is briefly discussed. The circuits are characterized by a simple structure which offers compactness, low voltage supply, and wide input range. In addition, inputs and outputs are voltages which eliminate the need for current voltage conversion. Hence, reduced power consumption and higher performance is achieved. A two-input analog adder has been accomplished through MOSIS 2.0 /spl mu/m n-well CMOS technology at Orbit Semiconductors, and occupies an area of 135/spl times/145 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. Inputs are within /spl plusmn/3 V for 3.3 V supply. Power consumption is less than 0.5 mW and THD is less than -36 dB. Measurements and performance evaluation are presented.

关键词： Analog computers Computer networks Neural networks Artificial neural networks Energy consumption CMOS technology MOS devices Analog circuits Low voltage Adders

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