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Determination of ionic concentration in microfluidics using electrical methods

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2025年 392卷

作者： Jan Brodský Xiaocheng Liu Jaromír Jarušek Ludovico Migliaccio Pavel Neužil Ondřej Zítka Imrich Gablech Department of Microelectronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Technická 3058/10 Brno 61600 Czech Republic Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 Brno 61300 Czech Republic Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 PR China

Microfluidic systems are essential in various scientific and engineering applications, especially in biochemical analysis, medical diagnostics, and pharmaceutical research. Accurate monitoring and control of ionic concentration within these systems are essential for achieving high efficiency and specificity in their applications. This study investigates using van der Pauw (vdP) structures and 4-probe line methods, adapted from semiconductor technology, to measure ionic concentrations in microfluidic channels. These methods offer precise, real-time monitoring without requiring additional fabrication steps or specialized electrode materials. We fabricated microfluidic chips with dual deep reactive ion etching and anodic bonding. These chips, integrated into an automated system, were tested for KCl concentrations (0.1–4 M) across various channel depths (9.55 ± 0.23) µm, (22.37 ± 0.41) µm, and (82.26 ± 1.56) µm. electrical measurements showed the vdP method provides higher accuracy and lower standard deviation than the 4-probe line method. Our findings demonstrate the potential for integrating vdP structures into complex microfluidic systems for precise, real-time monitoring of ionic concentrations, enhancing the functionality and reliability of microfluidic devices.

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Erratum to: CMN: a co-designed neural architecture search for efficient computing-in-memory-based mixture-of-experts

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Science China Information Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 1-1页

作者： Han, Shihao Liu, Sishuo Du, Shucheng Li, Mingzi Ye, Zijian Xu, Xiaoxin Li, Yi Wang, Zhongrui Shang, Dashan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China ACCESS-AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems InnoHK Centers Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong China Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China

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Optomechanical dissipative solitons (vol 600, pg 75, 2021)

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NATURE 2022年第7896期602卷 E24-E24页

作者： Zhang, Jing Peng, Bo Kim, Seunghwi Monifi, Faraz Jiang, Xuefeng Li, Yihang Yu, Peng Liu, Lianqing Liu, Yu-xi Alu, Andrea Yang, Lan Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University St. Louis MO USA Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York NY USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York NY USA State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang P. R. China Institute of Microelectronics Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China

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In-memory search with learning to hash based on resistive memory for recommendation acceleration

npj Unconventional Computing

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npj Unconventional Computing 2024年第1期1卷 1-9页

作者： Fei Wang Woyu Zhang Zhi Li Rui Bao Xiaoxin Xu Chunmeng Dou Dashan Shang Ning Lin Zhongrui Wang Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Electrical and Engineering the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems InnoHK Centers Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong China School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China

Similarity search is essential in current artificial intelligence applications and widely utilized in various fields, such as recommender systems. However, the exponential growth of data poses significant challenges in search time and energy consumption on traditional digital hardware. Here, we propose a software-hardware co-optimization to address these challenges. On the software side, we employ a learning-to-hash method for vector encoding and achieve an approximate nearest neighbor search by calculating Hamming distance, thereby reducing computational complexity. On the hardware side, we leverage the resistance random-access memory crossbar array to implement the hash encoding process and the content-addressable memory with an in-memory computing paradigm to lower the energy consumption during searches. Simulations on the MovieLens dataset demonstrate that the implementation achieves comparable accuracy to software and reduces energy consumption by 30-fold compared to traditional digital systems. These results provide insight into the development of energy-efficient in-memory search systems for edge computing.

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Topologically Protected Entanglement Emitters

Topologically Protected Entanglement Emitters

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Tianxiang Dai Yutian Ao Jueming Bao Jun Mao Yulin Chi Zhaorong Fu Yilong You Xiaojiong Chen Chonghao Zhai Bo Tang Yan Yang Zhihua Li Luqi Yuan Fei Gao Xiao Lin Mark G. Thompson Jeremy L. O’Brien Yan Li Xiaoyong Hu Qihuang Gong Jianwei Wang State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University Beijing China Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Quantum Engineering Technology Labs H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom Department of Physics The University of Western Australia Perth Australia Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Peking University Beijing China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi China Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics Peking University Nantong Jiangsu China

ISBN: (数字)9781957171050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466660

We report topologically-protected entanglement emitters, that emit topological Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen state and multiphoton entangled state from a plug-and-play silicon-photonic chip in ambient conditions. The device emulating a photonic anomalous Floquet insulator allows the generation of four-photon topological entangled states at nontrivial edge modes.

关键词： Quantum entanglement Laser modes Insulators Electrooptical waveguides Photonics

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Consistent discretization of a class of predefined-time stable systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Jiménez-Rodríguez, Esteban Aldana-López, Rodrigo Sánchez-Torres, Juan D. Gómez-Gutiérrez, David Loukianov, Alexander G. Department of Electrical Engineering Cinvestav-Guadalajara Jalisco45019 Mexico Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering University of Zaragoza Zaragoza50009 Spain Research Laboratory on Optimal Design Devices and Advanced Materials -OPTIMA- Department of Mathematics and Physics ITESO Jalisco45604 Mexico Multi-agent autonomous systems lab Intel Labs Intel Tecnología de México Jalisco45019 Mexico Tecnologico de Monterrey Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias Jalisco45138 Mexico

As the main contribution, this document provides a consistent discretization of a class of fixed-time stable systems, namely predefined-time stable systems. In the unperturbed case, the proposed approach allows obtaining not only a consistent but exact discretization of the considered class of predefined-time stable systems, whereas in the perturbed case, the consistent discretization preserves the predefined-time stability property. All the results are validated through simulations and compared with the conventional explicit Euler scheme, highlighting the advantages of this proposal. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Digital control systems

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Geometric Filterless Photodetectors for Mid-infrared Spin Light

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wei, Jingxuan Chen, Yang Li, Ying Li, Wei Xie, Junsheng Lee, Chengkuo Novoselov, Kostya S. Qiu, Cheng-Wei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behaviour and Design of Materials Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Haining314400 China GPL Photonics Lab State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun130033 China Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS National University of Singapore Singapore117608 Singapore Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore117544 Singapore

Free-space circularly polarized light (CPL) detection, requiring polarizers and waveplates, has been well established, while such spatial degree of freedom is unfortunately absent in integrated on-chip optoelectronics. So far, those reported filterless CPL photodetectors suffer from the intrinsic small discrimination ratio, vulnerability to the non-CPL field components, and low responsivity. Here, we report a distinct paradigm of geometric photodetectors in mid-infrared exhibiting colossal discrimination ratio, close-to-perfect CPL-specific response, a zero-bias responsivity of 392 V/W at room temperature, and a detectivity of ellipticity down to 0.03o Hz−1/2. Our approach employs plasmonic nanostructures array with judiciously designed symmetry, assisted by graphene ribbons to electrically read their near-field optical information. This geometry-empowered recipe for infrared photodetectors provides a robust, direct, strict, and high-quality solution to on-chip filterless CPL detection and unlocks new opportunities for integrated functional optoelectronic devices. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photodetectors

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Continuous-time digital twin with analog memristive neural ordinary differential equation solver

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Science Advances 2025年第22期11卷 eadr7571页

作者： Hegan Chen Jichang Yang Jia Chen Songqi Wang Shaocong Wang Dingchen Wang Xinyu Tian Yifei Yu Xi Chen Yinan Lin Qifan Zhu Yangu He Xiaoshan Wu Yi Li Xinyuan Zhang Ning Lin Meng Xu Xumeng Zhang Xiaojuan Qi Zhongrui Wang Han Wang Dashan Shang Qi Liu Kwang-Ting Cheng Ming Liu Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China. School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China. Center for Advanced Semiconductors and Integrated Circuits the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China. Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China. School of Integrated Circuits Hubei Key Laboratory for Advanced Memories Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Frontier Institute of Chip and System Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China. State Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China.

Digital twins, which replicate real-world entities through computational models, are transforming manufacturing and automation. While recent advances in machine learning have enabled data-driven digital twin development using discrete-time data and finite-depth models on digital hardware, these approaches face significant limitations. They struggle to capture continuous-time dynamics and model complex systems, and suffer from substantial time and energy overheads due to physically separated storage and processing as well as frequent analog-digital (A/D) conversions. Here, we propose a memristive neural ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver for digital twins. Our approach is intrinsically time-continuous using infinite-depth neural networks to model complex dynamics. Fully analog memristor arrays collocate storage and computation, addressing the von Neumann bottleneck and reducing A/D conversion requirements. We experimentally validate our solver on digital twins of HP variable-resistor model and Lorenz96 dynamics, demonstrating a 166.5-fold/369.3-fold speedup and a 499.0-fold/673.9-fold improvement in energy efficiency, respectively. This work paves the way to future digital twins for Industry 4.0.

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Discovery of a maximally charged Weyl point

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Qiaolu Chen, Fujia Yan, Qinghui Zhang, Li Gao, Zhen Yang, Shengyuan A. Yu, Zhi-Ming Chen, Hongsheng Zhang, Baile Yang, Yihao Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining314400 China Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua321099 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials Singapore University of Technology and Design 487372 Singapore School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore

The hypothetical Weyl particles in high-energy physics have been discovered in three-dimensional crystals as collective quasiparticle excitations near two-fold degenerate Weyl points1-5. Such momentum-space Weyl particles carry quantized chiral charges, which can be measured by counting the number of Fermi arcs emanating from the corresponding Weyl points. It is known that merging unit-charged Weyl particles can create new ones with more charges6. However, only very recently has it been realised that there is an upper limit - the maximal charge number that a two-fold Weyl point can host is four - achievable only in crystals without spin-orbit coupling7-9. Here, we report the experimental realisation of such a maximally charged Weyl point in a three-dimensional photonic crystal. The four charges support quadruple-helicoid Fermi arcs, forming an unprecedented topology of two non-contractible loops in the surface Brillouin zone. The helicoid Fermi arcs also exhibit the long-pursued type-II van Hove singularities that can reside at arbitrary momenta. This discovery reveals a type of maximally charged Weyl particles beyond conventional topological particles in crystals. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topology

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Consistent Discretization of a Class of Predefined-Time Stable systems

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020年第2期53卷 628-633页

作者： Esteban Jiménez-Rodríguez Rodrigo Aldana-López Juan D. Sánchez-Torres David Gómez-Gutiérrez Alexander G. Loukianov Relativity6 Inc. Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab Jalisco 45040 México Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering University of Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 España Research Laboratory on Optimal Design Devices and Advanced Materials -OPTIMA- Department of Mathematics and Physics ITESO Jalisco 45604 México Multi-agent autonomous systems lab Intel Labs Intel Tecnología de México Jalisco 45019 Mexico Tecnologico de Monterrey Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias Jalisco 45138 Mexico Department of Electrical Engineering Cinvestav-Guadalajara Jalisco 45019 México

关键词： Predefined-time stability Discrete-time systems Digital implementation Stability of nonlinear systems Fixed-time stability

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