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Chiral microwave nonreciprocity demonstrated via Rayleigh and Sezawa modes supported in an Al0.58Sc0.42N/4H−SiC platform

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Physical Review Applied 2025年第3期23卷 034058-034058页

作者： A.R. Will-Cole Xingyu Du Bin Luo Valeria Lauter Alexander Grutter Lisa Hackett Michael Miller Yuanchen Deng Brandon Smith Microelectronics engineering systems and applications Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque 87115 NM Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering The University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA Department of Electrical Engineering Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts USA Neutron Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA NIST Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA

Chirality plays a crucial role in the helicity mismatch between surface acoustic waves and magnetic spin waves, leading to nonreciprocal transmission of acoustic power for coupled magnetoacoustic modes. Acoustic modes with both longitudinal and shear strain exhibit elliptical particle displacements, making them chiral, and different acoustic modes can exhibit different helicities of this elliptical particle displacement. Here, we study chiral acoustic modes with different helicities supported on the same piezoelectric platform and their interaction with magnetic spin waves. Our study demonstrates that the nonreciprocal transmission of acoustic power is driven by the helicity mismatch effect and, specifically, that the handedness of the nonreciprocity is based on whether the surface acoustic wave has retrograde (Rayleigh mode) or prograde (Sezawa mode) elliptical particle displacement with respect to the propagation direction. We found the transmission nonreciprocity to be significant, with 7.3 dB/mm for the retrograde particle displacement (Rayleigh mode at 2.358 GHz) and 3.3 dB/mm for prograde particle displacement (Sezawa mode at 3.112 GHz). This work highlights that piezoelectric platforms can be engineered to support acoustic modes with opposite helicities to enable frequency-selective nonreciprocal radiofrequency and microwave components, such as isolators and circulators, through coupled acoustic spin wave interactions.

关键词： Acoustic waves

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Exploring high-dimensional search space via voronoi graph traversing 24

Exploring high-dimensional search space via voronoi graph tr...

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Proceedings of the Fortieth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence

作者： Aidong Zhao Xuyang Zhao Tianchen Gu Zhaori Bi Xinwei Sun Changhao Yan Fan Yang Dian Zhou Xuan Zeng State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems School of Microelectronics Fudan University Shanghai China School of Data Science Fudan University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems School of Microelectronics Fudan University Shanghai China and Department of Electrical Engineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a well-established methodology for optimizing costly black-box functions. However, the sparse observations in the high-dimensional search space pose challenges in constructing reliable Gaussian Process (GP) models, which leads to blind exploration of the search space. We propose a novel Voronoi Graph Traversing (VGT) algorithm to extend BO to ultra high-dimensional problems. VGT employs a Voronoi diagram to mesh the design space and transform it into an undirected Voronoi graph. VGT explores the search space by iteratively performing path selection, promising cell sampling, and graph expansion operations. We introduce a UCB-based global traversal strategy to select the path towards promising Voronoi cells. Then we perform local BO within the promising cell and train local GP with a neighboring subset. The intrinsic geometric boundaries and adjacency of the Voronoi graph assist in fine-tuning the trajectory of local BO sampling. We also present a subspace enhancement approach for the intrinsic low-dimensional problems. Experimental results, including both synthetic benchmarks and real-world applications, demonstrate the proposed approach's state-of-the-art performance for tackling ultra high-dimensional problems ranging from hundreds to one thousand dimensions.

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Structural plasticity-based hydrogel optical Willshaw model for one-shot on-the-fly edge learning

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InfoMat 2023年第4期5卷 48-59页

作者： Dingchen Wang Dingyao Liu Yinan Lin Anran Yuan Woyu Zhang Yaping Zhao Shaocong Wang Xi Chen Hegan Chen Yi Zhang Yang Jiang Shuhui Shi Kam Chi Loong Jia Chen Songrui Wei Qing Wang Hongyu Yu Renjing Xu Dashan Shang Han Zhang Shiming Zhang Zhongrui Wang Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kongthe People's Republic of China ACCESS-AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems InnoHK CentersHong Kong Science ParkHong Kongthe People's Republic of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Innovation EngineeringMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacaothe People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology Institute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingthe People's Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science Technology International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for OptoelectronicsScience and Technology of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhenthe People's Republic of China School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenthe People's Republic of China Microelectronics Thrust Function Hub of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Guagndongthe People's Republic of China

Autonomous one-shot on-the-fly learning copes with the high privacy,small dataset,and in-stream data at the *** such learning on digital hardware suffers from the well-known von-Neumann and scaling *** optical neural networks featuring large parallelism,low latency,and high efficiency offer a promising ***,ex-situ training of conventional optical networks,where optical path configuration and deep learning model optimization are separated,incurs hardware,energy and time overheads,and defeats the advantages in edge ***,we introduced a bio-inspired material-algorithm co-design to construct a hydrogel-based optical Willshaw model(HOWM),manifesting Hebbian-rule-based structural plasticity for simultaneous optical path configuration and deep learning model optimization thanks to the underlying opto-chemical *** first employed the HOWM as an all optical in-sensor AI processor for one-shot pattern classification,association and *** then leveraged HOWM to function as a ternary content addressable memory(TCAM)of an optical memory augmented neural network(MANN)for one-shot learning the Omniglot *** HOWM empowered one-shot on-the-fly edge learning leads to 1000boost of energy efficiency and 10boost of speed,which paves the way for the next-generation autonomous,efficient,and affordable smart edge systems.

关键词： associative memory hydrogel one-shot learning optical neural network structural plasticity Willshaw model

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6-bit 1-GS/s Partially Active Flash ADC with Comparator Offset Correction 8

6-bit 1-GS/s Partially Active Flash ADC with Comparator Offs...

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8th IEEE International Symposium on Smart Electronic systems, iSES 2022

作者： Sharma, Nidhi Hande, Vinayak Srivastava, Rajesh Kumar Das, Devarshi Mrinal Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Department of Electrical Engineering Rupnagar India Integrated Systems and Circuit Design Carinthia University of Applied Sciences Villach Austria Semi-conductor Laboratory S.A.S Nagar India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350399226

This paper presents a low-power 6-bit 1 GS/s partially active flash analog-to-digital converters (ADC) in 65-nm CMOS technology. A novel comparator offset correction technique is proposed, which does not require additional foreground calibration cycles. The partially active second-stage comparison is employed for power efficiency. A third-stage comparison is introduced for offset correction using fifteen low-offset comparators, out of which two are activated. The 0.5-bit redundancy from the first-stage provides the tolerance to track-and-hold (T/H) buffer settling error for high-speed applications. The simulation results show that the ADC achieves a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 36.36 dB and a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 48.65 dB at a Nyquist frequency of 500 MHz with the power consumption of 13.98 mW. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Comparators (optical)

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Comparison of Discrete Bipolar Transistors and MOSFETs for High-Speed Switching Application 44

Comparison of Discrete Bipolar Transistors and MOSFETs for H...

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44th International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology, MIPRO 2021

作者： Bogdanovic, F. Osrecki, Z. Zilak, J. Koricic, M. Suligoj, T. University of Zagreb Micro and Nano Electronics Laboratory Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Department of Electronics Microelectronics Computing and Intelligent Systems Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9789532331011

Switching performance analysis in this paper presents how Horizontal Current Bipolar Transistor (HCBT) performs under switching mode of operation compared to other commercially available bipolar and MOS transistors, focusing mainly on power efficiency. Rudimentary measurement setup is devised, with target frequency spectrum for this analysis up to 100 MHz. Measurements were performed at frequencies of 1 MHz, 10 MHz and 100 MHz. Signal waveforms were measured at the input and output of analysed device. Dissipated power at each component of test circuit was calculated from the measurements to determine efficiency. The results show similar performance among RF bipolar junction transistors analysed in this paper. All bipolar transistors exhibit efficiency around 80% at 100 MHz, whereas the best performing MOSFET has n = 54.31%. The analysed MOSFETs show somewhat better performance comparing to bipolar transistors at lower frequencies, but with larger performance degradation with the frequency increase. This analysis shows potential of HCBT to be used in switching part of Envelope Tracking (ET), hybrid power supply modulation, pulse width modulation (PWM) or multilevel power supply switching to obtain higher efficiencies. Most of the efficiency reduction is caused by nonideal input signal. © 2021 Croatian Society MIPRO.

关键词： Efficiency

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Near-channel classifier: symbiotic communication and classification in high-dimensional space

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Brain Informatics 2021年第1期8卷 16页

作者： Hersche, Michael Lippuner, Stefan Korb, Matthias Benini, Luca Rahimi, Abbas Integrated Systems Laboratory ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland IBM Research-Zurich Zurich Switzerland Institute of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Bundeswehr University Munich Germany Department of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy

Brain-inspired high-dimensional (HD) computing represents and manipulates data using very long, random vectors with dimensionality in the thousands. This representation provides great robustness for various classification tasks where classifiers operate at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Similarly, hyperdimensional modulation (HDM) leverages the robustness of complex-valued HD representations to reliably transmit information over a wireless channel, achieving a similar SNR gain compared to state-of-the-art codes. Here, we first propose methods to improve HDM in two ways: (1) reducing the complexity of encoding and decoding operations by generating, manipulating, and transmitting bipolar or integer vectors instead of complex vectors;(2) increasing the SNR gain by 0.2 dB using a new soft-feedback decoder;it can also increase the additive superposition capacity of HD vectors up to 1.7× in noise-free cases. Secondly, we propose to combine encoding/decoding aspects of communication with classification into a single framework by relying on multifaceted HD representations. This leads to a near-channel classification (NCC) approach that avoids transformations between different representations and the overhead of multiple layers of encoding/decoding, hence reducing latency and complexity of a wireless smart distributed system while providing robustness against noise and interference from other nodes. We provide a use-case for wearable hand gesture recognition with 5 classes from 64 EMG sensors, where the encoded vectors are transmitted to a remote node for either performing NCC, or reconstruction of the encoded data. In NCC mode, the original classification accuracy of 94% is maintained, even in the channel at SNR of 0 dB, by transmitting 10,000-bit vectors. We remove the redundancy by reducing the vector dimensionality to 2048-bit that still exhibits a graceful degradation: less than 6% accuracy loss is occurred in the channel at − 5 dB, and with the interferenc

关键词： Vectors

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A glance over the past decade: road scene parsing towards safe and comfortable autonomous driving

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Autonomous Intelligent systems 2025年第1期5卷 1-15页

作者： Fan, Rui Li, Jiahang Li, Jiaqi Wang, Jiale Long, Ziwei Jia, Ning Liu, Yanan Wang, Wenshuo Bocus, Mohammud J. Vityazev, Sergey Chen, Xieyuanli Xiao, Junhao Andreev, Stepan Lu, Huimin Dvorkovich, Alexander College of Electronics & Information Engineering Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Autonomous Systems and the Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji University 4800 Caoan Rd Shanghai201804 China College of Electronics & Information Engineering Tongji University 4800 Caoan Rd Shanghai201804 China School of Microelectronics Shanghai University 20 Chengzhong Rd Shanghai201800 China School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology 5 Zhongguancun South Street Beijing100081 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol Woodland Road England BristolBS8 1UB United Kingdom Faculty of Radio Engineering and Telecommunications Ryazan State Radio Engineering University Ulitsa Gagarina 59/1 Ryazan Oblast Ryazan390005 Russia College of Intelligence Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology 109 Deya Road Changsha410073 China Microwave Photonics Department Telecommunications Center Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutsky Lane 9 Moscow Region Dolgoprudny141701 Russia Multimedia Technology and Telecom Department Telecommunications Center Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutsky Lane 9 Moscow Region Dolgoprudny141701 Russia

Road scene parsing is a crucial capability for self-driving vehicles and intelligent road inspection systems. Recent research has increasingly focused on enhancing driving safety and comfort by improving the detection of both drivable areas and road defects. This article reviews state-of-the-art networks developed over the past decade for both general-purpose semantic segmentation and specialized road scene parsing tasks. It also includes extensive experimental comparisons of these networks across five public datasets. Additionally, we explore the key challenges and emerging trends in the field, aiming to guide researchers toward developing next-generation models for more effective and reliable road scene parsing. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Semantics

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A K -Band Four-Beam Transmitter with Decoupled Phase/Gain Control and Enhanced Power Back off Efficiency for SATCOM

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IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 2024年第11期72卷 6443-6459页

作者： Gao, Huiyan Li, Nayu Xie, Xinhong Wang, Shaogang Lu, Hang Kuan, Yen-Cheng Yu, Xiaopeng Song, Chunyi Jane Gu, Qun Xu, Zhiwei Institute of Marine Electronics and Intelligent Systems Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan316021 China Engineering Research Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment Ministry of Education Zhoushan316021 China Donghai Laboratory Zhoushan316021 China National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University International College of Semiconductor Technology Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Institute of VLSI Design and Research College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China University of California at Davis Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering DavisCA95616 United States

This article presents a 17.7-20.2 GHz eight-element four-beam RF-beamforming transmitter in 65-nm CMOS for satellite communication (SATCOM). The transmitter utilizes an analog scheme in the variable-gain amplifier (VGA) to achieve dB-in-linear gain control with a high dynamic range (DR), together with a current combining crossbar for a compact footprint. The vector-modulation-based (VM-based) phase shifter (PS) adopts the cancellation-based Gm units for low switching variation. Furthermore, eight PSs of each beam are split into two groups, with each group sharing the same tunable I/Q generator for low power consumption. Considering the increased peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) caused by high-order modulation schemes and multibeam operation, the transmitter incorporates compact transformer-based Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) with adaptive bias control to improve the power efficiency at back-off. The chip achieves a 31-dB gain-tuning range with a 0.283-dB step and a 360° phase-shifting range with a calibrated 7-bit resolution. The measured root-mean-square (RMS) phase/gain errors induced by the VGA/PS are below 2.05°/0.147 dB, respectively, which decouples phase/gain control. The transmitter achieves a maximum output 1-dB gain compression point (OP1dB) of 17.9 dBm and a maximum saturated power (Psat) of 18.9 dBm. The output element exhibits 29.3% drain efficiency (DE) at 6-dB power back off (PBO) from Psat , which is 1.56/3.12 times over the normalized class-B/class-A implementations, demonstrating Doherty PBO efficiency enhancement. The chip occupies an area of 8.59 × 4.17 mm2 and consumes 398 mW per element at OP1dB. Additionally, a 16-element linear array has been developed to showcase the capabilities of the multibeam operation and gain tapering. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Efficiency

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An Ultra-Wideband noise-reduction LNA With Variable Gain for Wireless Wake-up Receivers 4

An Ultra-Wideband noise-reduction LNA With Variable Gain for...

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4th IEEE International Conference on design and Test of Integrated Micro and Nano-systems, DTS 2022

作者： Bouraoui, Mariem Barraj, Imen Neifar, Amel Masmoudi, Mohamed National Engineers School of Sfax University of Sfax Systems Integration and Emerging Energies Laboratory Electrical Engineering Department Sfax3038 Tunisia College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Department of Computer Engineering Al-Kharj11942 Saudi Arabia Center for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse Tunisia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665497831

The design of an ultra-wideband low-noise amplifier for wake-up receiver applications is discussed in this article. The LNA circuit is developed for the 3-9 GHz frequency ranges using RF-TSMC CMOS 0.18μm. To lower the noise figure, substrate resistance is added. The improved LNA achieves a low noise figure of 1.66 dB, which is 47% better than the original circuit, and a maximum power gain of 21.02 dB over the operating frequency range. The designed LNA dissipates 12.3mW at 1V. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Low noise amplifiers

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IN-SILICO non-invasive glucose monitoring using patch antenna

IN-SILICO non-invasive glucose monitoring using patch antenn...

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Microwaves Antennas and Propagation Conference (MAPCON)

作者： Goundla Sricharani Urvashi Singh Jayanta Mukherjee Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh India Department of Electrical Engineering Integrated Systems Laboratory Annex IIT Bombay Powai India

This study compares single and double patch antennas operating at 2.4504 GHz and 2.4508 GHz. The single patch antenna shows good impedance matching (-48.28 dB) and higher gain (7.004 dBi). The double patch antenna has S 11 = - 39.35 dB but slightly reduced gain (4.198 dBi). Both antennas exhibit alterations in near-field electric and magnetic fields in double patch configuration. The double patch’s efficiency is 0.46 (46%), lower than the single patch’s 0.906 (90.6%). Consideration of these findings aids in selecting the suitable antenna for specific application needs. Furthermore, we present a sensitivity analysis of antenna performance in the presence of a lateral forearm model representing human tissue with varying dielectric properties of blood. Two scenarios were considered: the hand model placed at 5 mm from the antennas and in direct contact with the antennas. Parametric sweep simulations were performed for the dielectric constant (ε) of blood with six values: 58.264, 62.264, 66.264, 70.264, 74.264, and 78.264. S-parameter results, specifically S 11 and S 21 , were analyzed to understand the impact of blood dielectric constant on antenna behavior.

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