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Prior-Boosted GRL: Microarchitecture Design Space Exploration via Graph Representation Learning

IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and systems 2025年第3期44卷 1141-1154页

作者： Wu, Zheng Shen, Jinyi Yi, Xiaoling Shang, Li Yang, Fan Zeng, Xuan Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems The School of Microelectronics Shanghai200433 China Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems Shanghai200433 China KU Leuven Department of Electrical Engineering Microelectronics Circuits and Systems Leuven3000 Belgium Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems The School of Computer Science Shanghai200433 China

The design space exploration (DSE) of contemporary microprocessors faces a significant challenge of high-computational cost. In this context, we introduce Prior-boosted graph representation learning (GRL), a novel framework for the DSE of the microarchitectures the microprocessors underpinned by graph embeddings. Using GRL, Prior-boosted GRL constructs a compact and continuous vector space for design representation. This framework is further boosted by an efficient sampling algorithm informed by prior knowledge, which is instrumental in generating a superior set of initial designs to accelerate the exploration process. A well-designed ensemble surrogate model is combined with the multiobjective Bayesian optimization to explore the design space holistically within this graph-embedding domain. Rigorous experimental evaluations conducted on the RISC-V Berkeley-Out-of-Order Machine (BOOM) platform demonstrate that Prior-boosted GRL substantially surpasses preceding methods, achieving a 107.79% enhancement in Pareto front quality compared to the state-of-the-art DSE algorithm. It also outstrips manual designs on performance, power, and area metrics. As of this writing, Prior-boosted GRL holds the first place in the ICCAD 2022 CAD Contest evaluation platform. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Graph embeddings

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ATOM: An Automatic Topology Synthesis Framework for Operational Amplifiers

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and systems 2025年第3期44卷 1193-1198页

作者： Shen, Jinyi Yang, Fan Shang, Li Yan, Changhao Bi, Zhaori Zhou, Dian Zeng, Xuan Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems School of Microelectronics Shanghai200433 China Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems The School of Computer Science Shanghai200433 China Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Microelectronics Department Shanghai200433 China University of Texas at Dallas Department of Electrical Engineering DallasTX75080 United States

Bayesian optimization (BO) is more efficient in automatically synthesizing operational amplifier (opamp) topologies compared to conventional methods. However, the design space for behavior-level opamp topologies involves numerous connections that are difficult to comprehend, and evaluating each topology incurs substantial computational costs. To tackle these challenges, this brief introduces ATOM, an automatic opamp topology synthesis framework. We construct a concise design space for behavior-level opamp topologies, consisting of topologies that designers can easily understand. We propose an opamp topology optimization method that incorporates freeze-thaw BO. This method efficiently explores the design space and expedites the evaluation process. Experimental studies demonstrate that ATOM outperforms state-of-the-art topology synthesis methods in terms of success rate and optimization results while reducing the number of required simulations by up to 8.15 times. The source code for ATOM is available at https://***/Jinyi-Shen/ATOM. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Thawing

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A Data-Driven Adaptive Control Approach for Enhancing the Dynamic Response of VSGs in Varying Grid Conditions

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IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2025年第3期40卷 1421-1433页

作者： Fahad, Shah She, Buxin Yin, Junjie Li, Fangxing Cui, Hantao Bo, Rui Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO USA Senior Power Systems Engineer ETAP Irvine CA USA Optimization & Control Group Parcific Northwest National Laboratory Richland USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee at Knoxville Knoxville TN USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

Conventionally, a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is designed for islanded mode (IM) operation to meet specific operational requirements such as the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). However, the operation of VSG designed for IM may not meet the operational and control criteria in grid connected mode (GCM) when the grid conditions vary. In addition, conventional VSG control technology does not consider the influence of the presynchronization scheme when connected to a weak grid, which degrades the RoCoF in IM. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, the proposed study presents a twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm to improve the seamless transition performance of VSG from IM to GCM and vice versa. In the first step, the VSG-based power system model is used as a foundation for problem formulation of the proposed TD3 algorithm. Secondly, a reward function is designed according to the performance requirements, i.e., frequency and RoCoF requirements, of the VSG in order to guide the training of the agent in varying load, power reference, and grid conditions. Finally, the superiority of the proposed algorithm over existing methods is validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and RTDS based real-time simulation environment. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Speed Harmonic based Saturation Free Inductance Modeling and Estimation of Interior PMSM Using Measurements Under One Load Condition

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CES Transactions on electrical Machines and systems 2025年第1期9卷 91-99页

作者： Guodong Feng Yuting Lu Zhe Tong Beichen Ding Guishan Yan Chunyan Lai the School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina the School of Advanced Manufacturing Sun Yat-sen University the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) China the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia UniversityQCCanada

For permanent magnet synchronous machines(PMSMs),accurate inductance is critical for control design and condition *** to magnetic saturation,existing methods require nonlinear saturation model and measurements from multiple load/current conditions,and the estimation is relying on the accuracy of saturation model and other machine parameters in the *** harmonic produced by harmonic currents is inductance-dependent,and thus this paper explores the use of magnitude and phase angle of the speed harmonic for accurate inductance *** estimation models are built based on either the magnitude or phase angle,and the inductances can be from d-axis voltage and the magnitude or phase angle,in which the filter influence in harmonic extraction is considered to ensure the estimation *** inductances can be estimated from the measurements under one load condition,which is free of saturation ***,the inductance estimation is robust to the change of other machine *** proposed approach can effectively improve estimation accuracy especially under the condition with low current *** and comparisons are conducted on a test PMSM to validate the proposed approach.

关键词： PMSM Inductance estimation Speed harmonic High frequency signal injection

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Improving Power Response of Single-Controllable VSG-Based Active Distribution Network

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy systems 2025年第1期11卷 102-114页

作者： Shah Fahad Arman Goudarzi Pierluigi Siano Ji Xiang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyUSA University of Victoria Canada Department of Management&Innovation Systems University of SalernoItaly Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science University of JohannesburgJohannesburg2006South Africa National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology College of Electrical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China

Controlling an active distribution network(ADN)from a single PCC has been advantageous for improving the performance of coordinated Intermittent RESs(IRESs).Recent studies have proposed a constant PQ regulation approach at the PCC of ADNs using coordination of non-MPPT based ***,due to the intermittent nature of DGs coupled with PCC through uni-directional broadcast communication,the PCC becomes vulnerable to transient *** address this challenge,this study first presents a detailed mathematical model of an ADN from the perspective of PCC regulation to realize rigidness of PCC against ***,an H_(∞)controller is formulated and employed to achieve optimal performance against disturbances,consequently,ensuring the least oscillations during transients at ***,an eigenvalue analysis is presented to analyze convergence speed limitations of the newly derived system ***,simulation results show the proposed method offers superior performance as compared to the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Cooperative control of DGs hierarchical control system high penetration of intermittent RESs H_(∞)control optimal control in power systems single-controllable active distribution networks

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A Novel Technology for Semiautomatic and Automatic Stem–Stake Coupling of Seedlings and Plants

IEEE Transactions on AgriFood Electronics

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IEEE Transactions on AgriFood Electronics 2025年第1期3卷 254-262页

作者： Shirzi, Moteaal Asadi Kermani, Mehrdad R. Western University Advanced Robotics and Mechatronic Systems Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department LondonN6A 5B9 Canada Western University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering LondonN6A 3K7 Canada Advanced Robotics and Mechatronic Systems Laboratory LondonN6A 5B9 Canada

This article introduces a novel mechatronic system for coupling the stems of seedlings and plants to wooden stakes or ropes, a crucial process for supporting them during growth, transportation, and fruiting in plant propagation facilities and greenhouses. The stem–stake coupling device utilizes interconnected mechanisms and an impedance control method to adjust motor torque and speed, shaping metallic wire into clips of various shapes and dimensions, effectively securing plant stems to stakes or ropes. In a robotic system, a claw-shaped arm mechanism, a stereo camera, and real-time vision techniques are integrated into the stem–stake coupling device to identify the optimal coupling point and automate the coupling task. This innovation addresses the labor-intensive task of manual coupling, offering a scalable solution for growers through handheld devices or fully automated robotic systems. In the context of increasing labor shortages and rising costs, the technology offers a sustainable and efficient alternative with significant potential to enhance operational efficiency in greenhouses and propagation facilities. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Seed

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NS3-Based Communication Network Modeling for Multi-Microgrid systems: Design and Evaluation

NS3-Based Communication Network Modeling for Multi-Microgrid...

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2025 IEEE Green Technologies Conference, GreenTech 2025

作者： Ali, Ola Mohammed, Osama A. Florida International University Energy Systems Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering MiamiFL33174 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520182

This paper presents a communication emulation model for enhancing the efficiency of multi-microgrid (MMG) networks, employing Network Simulator 3 (ns3). MMG systems require robust communication frameworks for coordination, particularly under varying traffic conditions. The introduced model accommodates multiple local area networks (LANs) that support efficient communication across multiple autonomous AC microgrids. The developed model facilitates seamless bidirectional information exchange between the microgrids' local controllers and the MMG control center (MMGCC), employing TCP/IP protocol to ensure high data transmission integrity and low latency. A detailed design in C + is demonstrated, including the configuration of the communication nodes, topology, communication links, and quality of service (QoS) analysis. The network performance is rigorously assessed across low and high traffic conditions, with performance metrics such as throughput, delay, and percentage packet loss at each node. Results confirm the effectiveness of the introduced model in sustaining minimal packet loss, high throughput, and low delays under dynamic operating scenarios. These findings establish the developed model as a viable solution for meeting the real-time communication requirements of MMG energy management systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Transmission control protocol

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On Shaping Gain of Multidimensional Constellations in Linear and Nonlinear Optical Fiber Channel

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年第5期43卷 1455-1468页

作者： Chen, Bin Liang, Zhiwei Lei, Yi Deng, JingXin Li, Shen Liga, Gabriele Hefei University of Technology School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei230002 China Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei230002 China Chalmers University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering QC Québec CityG1V 0A6 Canada Eindhoven University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven5612 AZ Netherlands

Utilizing the multi-dimensional (MD) space for constellation shaping has been proven to be an effective approach for achieving shaping gains. Despite there exists a variety of MD modulation formats tailored for specific optical transmission scenarios, there remains a notable absence of a dependable comparison method for efficiently and promptly re-evaluating their performance in arbitrary transmission systems. In this paper, we introduce an analytical nonlinear interference (NLI) power model-based shaping gain estimation method to enable a fast performance evaluation of various MD modulation formats in coherent dual-polarization (DP) optical transmission system. In order to extend the applicability of this method to a broader set of modulation formats, we extend the established NLI model to take the 4D joint distribution into account and thus able to analyze the complex interactions of non-iid signaling in DP systems. With the help of the NLI model, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art modulation formats and investigate their actual shaping gains in two types of optical fiber communication scenarios (multi-span and single-span). The numerical simulation shows that for arbitrary modulation formats, the NLI power and relative shaping gains in terms of signal-to-noise ratio can be more accurately estimated by capturing the statistics of MD symbols. Furthermore, the proposed method further validates the effectiveness of the reported NLI-tolerant modulation format in the literature, which reveals that the linear shaping gains and modulation-dependent NLI should be jointly considered for nonlinearity mitigation. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Optical fibers

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Attention-Driven Emotion Recognition in EEG: A Transformer-Based Approach With Cross-Dataset Fine-Tuning

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 69369-69394页

作者： Ghous, Ghulam Najam, Shaheryar Alshehri, Mohammed Alshahrani, Abdulmonem AlQahtani, Yahya Jalal, Ahmad Liu, Hui Riphah International University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Islamabad44000 Pakistan Bahria University Department of Electrical Engineering Islamabad44000 Pakistan King Khalid University Department of Computer Science Abha61421 Saudi Arabia King Khalid University Department of Informatics and Computer Systems Abha61421 Saudi Arabia Air University Faculty of Computer Science and AI Islamabad44000 Pakistan Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul02841 Korea Republic of University of Bremen Cognitive Systems Laboratory Bremen28359 Germany Guodian Nanjing Automation Company Ltd. Nanjing210032 China

Emotion recognition from EEG (electroencephalogram) signals is crucial in mental health diagnostics and human-computer interaction but is often hindered by high dimensionality, noise, and complex temporal dependencies in the data. This paper presents a novel approach that integrates transformer models, attention mechanisms, and transfer learning to enhance emotion recognition accuracy from EEG signals. The proposed methodology consists of two phases: Attention Enhanced Base Model Development (AE-BMD) and Cross-Dataset Fine Tuning Adaptation (CD-FTA). In the AE-BMD phase, the base model is developed and trained on the SEED-IV dataset (15 participants, 62 EEG channels), achieving an accuracy of 84%, with an average precision of 84.75%, recall of 84% and F1-score of 84%. This phase employs optimized feature extraction from key EEG frequency bands (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma) using techniques such as MFCC, GFCC, power spectral density, and Hjorth parameters. A transformer encoder with integrated spectral and temporal attention mechanisms captures intricate patterns and long-range dependencies within the EEG signals. In the CD-FTA phase, the model undergoes fine-tuning on the SEED-V dataset (20 participants, 62 channels) leading to an improved accuracy of 90%, with an average precision of 90.6%, recall of 90.6%, and F1-score of 90.6%. The model’s generalization is further validated on the MPED dataset (23 participants, 62 channels, seven emotion classes), achieving 79%, with an average precision of 79.3%, recall of 79.3% and F1-score of 79.1% across diverse emotional states. This cross-dataset adaptation leverages transfer learning to enhance the model’s generalization across different emotional states and EEG datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms traditional methods, achieving superior accuracy and robustness in emotion recognition tasks. This work advances emotion recognition systems by addressing challenges in EEG signal proc

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Revisiting sensitivity-based analog sizing with derivative-aware Bayesian optimization and error-suppressed adjoint analysis 24

Revisiting sensitivity-based analog sizing with derivative-a...

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43rd International Conference on computer-Aided Design, ICCAD 2024

作者： Lyu, Ruiyu Zhao, Aidong Meng, Yuan Zhu, Keren Bi, Zhaori Yan, Changhao Yang, Fan Zhou, Dian Zeng, Xuan State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems School of Microelectronics Fudan University Shanghai China Department of Electrical Engineering University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710773

Current state-of-the-art (SOTA) analog circuit sizing methods predominantly rely on derivative-free algorithms. However, these methods struggle with sample efficiency due to the lack of derivative information, acting as a bottleneck for further advancements. In contrast, classic sensitivity analysis computes partial derivatives of circuit performance with respect to design parameters, enabling efficient first-order optimization. Yet, sensitivity-driven analog sizing has seen limited use due to: 1) accumulated numerical errors from nonlinear devices, and 2) the complex, non-convex nature of circuit optimization problems, which makes local search methods like gradient descent ineffective for global optimization. To address these challenges, this paper equips SOTA analog sizing algorithms with derivative awareness and proposes DarBO, a Derivative-aware Bayesian Optimization method. DarBO uses derivatives from error-suppressed adjoint sensitivity analysis to improve Gaussian process posteriors in local optimization, enhancing convergence with fewer circuit simulations. For global exploration, DarBO adapts a derivative-aware Gaussian mixture model (d-GMM) for region partitioning and a gradient-driven Monte Carlo tree search (d-MCTS) for subregion selection. By bridging classic sensitivity-driven analog sizing with SOTA Bayesian optimization algorithms, DarBO offers an efficient and robust solution for analog circuit sizing. Experimental results show that DarBO achieves up to 5.0 × acceleration in terms of the number of circuit simulations compared to existing first-order and derivative-free optimization methods. © 2024 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Convex optimization

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